Linux Chapter 6

Front 1

/bin

Back 1

Essential command binaries Holds the files needed to bring the system up and run it when it first comes up in single-user mode. Holds system utilities

Front 2

/boot

Back 2

Static files of the boot loader Contains all of the files needed to boot the system.

Front 3

/dev

Back 3

Device files

Front 4

/etc

Back 4

Machine–local system configuration files One of the most important is /etc/passwd

Front 5

/etc/X11

Back 5

Machine–local configuration files for the X Window System

Front 6

/home

Back 6

User home directories

Front 7

/lib

Back 7

Shared Libraries

Front 8

/lib/modules

Back 8

Loadable kernel modules

Front 9

/mnt

Back 9

Mount point for temporarily mounting filesystems

Front 10

/opt

Back 10

Add-on software packages. (optional)

Front 11

/proc

Back 11

Kernel and process information virtual filesystem

Front 12

/root

Back 12

home directory for root

Front 13

/sbin

Back 13

Essential system binaries Utilities used for system administration are stored in /sbin and /usr/sbin.

Front 14

/sbin *also

Back 14

/sbin directory includes utilities needed during the booting process

Front 15

/usr/sbin

Back 15

holds utilities used after the system is up and running

Front 16

Older versions of linux

Back 16

In older versions of Linux, many system administration utilities were scattered through several directories that often included other system files (/etc, /usr/bin, /usr/adm, /usr/include).

Front 17

/sys

Back 17

Device pseudofilesystem

Front 18

/tmp

Back 18

temporary files

Front 19

/usr

Back 19

Second major hierarchy. Traditionally includes subdirectories that contain information used by the system. Files in /usr subdirectories do not change often and may be shared by several systems.

Front 20

/usr/bin

Back 20

Most user commands. Contains the standard linux utility programs. that is binaries that are not needed in single-user mode.

Front 21

/usr/lib

Back 21

Libraries

Front 22

/usr/local

Back 22

Local hierarch Holds locally important files and directories that are added to the system. can include bin, games, include, lib, sbin, share, and src

Front 23

/var

Back 23

Variable data, files with contents that vary are stored here

Front 24

/var/log

Back 24

Log files Contains lastlog (a record of the last login by each user), messages (system messages from rsyslogd), and wtmp (a record of all logins/logouts).

Front 25

cd

Back 25

Associates you with another working directory

Front 26

chmod

Back 26

Changes the access permissions on a file

Front 27

getfacl

Back 27

Displays a files ACL

Front 28

ln

Back 28

Makes a link to an existing file

Front 29

mkdir

Back 29

Creates a directory

Front 30

pwd

Back 30

displays the pathname of the working directory.

Front 31

rmdir

Back 31

Deletes a directory.

Front 32

setfacl

Back 32

Modifies a files ACL

Front 33

ACL

Back 33

Access control lists.

Front 34

ACL's allow you

Back 34

share selected files with other users.

Front 35

Maximum file name

Back 35

255 characters

Front 36

Should you use spaces in filenames.

Back 36

No

Front 37

stat

Back 37

Displays information about a file or filesystem.

Front 38

T or F Linux is case sensitive

Back 38

true

Front 39

T or F file name extensions are mandatory

Back 39

False they are not neccesary

Front 40

Absolute pathname

Back 40

You can build the absolute pathname of a file by tracing a path from the root directory through all the intermediate directories to the file

Front 41

relative pathname

Back 41

traces a path from the working directory to a file

Front 42

The "."

Back 42

is synonymous with the pathname of the working directory and can be used in its place

Front 43

The ".."

Back 43

is synonymous with the pathname of the parent of the working directory.

Front 44

rmdir -r

Back 44

deletes directory and files inside.

Front 45

touch

Back 45

creates an empty file

Front 46

ls -l

Back 46

displays file permissions

Front 47

chmod a

Back 47

all users

Front 48

chmod u

Back 48

user/owner of the file

Front 49

chmod g

Back 49

group

Front 50

chmod 0

Back 50

other

Front 51

Link

Back 51

is a pointer to a file

Front 52

ln

Back 52

creates a hard link

Front 53

rm

Back 53

removes a link

Front 54

R W X

Back 54

Read write execute

Front 55

ls -l

Back 55

Long Listing

Front 56

ls -i

Back 56

inode

Front 57

ls -a

Back 57

show hidden files

Front 58

ls -A

Back 58

show hidden files, wont show .. parent or .

Front 59

ls -h

Back 59

human readable

Front 60

ls -F

Back 60

shows a / if directory

Front 61

ls -t

Back 61

time

Front 62

ls -r

Back 62

reverse

Front 63

ls -R

Back 63

recursive

Front 64

ls -s

Back 64

sort by size

Front 65

mount

Back 65

mount a filesystem

Front 66

umount

Back 66

unmount a filesystem

Front 67

df

Back 67

show amount of disk space free

Front 68

du

Back 68

show amount of disk space used

Front 69

stat

Back 69

display file or filesystem status

Front 70

file

Back 70

determines filetype

Front 71

info

Back 71

read info documents

Front 72

fsck

Back 72

check and repair a linux filesystem.

Front 73

mkfs

Back 73

build a linux filesystem

Front 74

tune2fs

Back 74

adjust tuneable filesystem parameters.

Front 75

/etc/opt

Back 75

Configuration files for add on software packages

Front 76

/usr/include

Back 76

header files included by C programs

Front 77

/var/spool

Back 77

spooled application data.