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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The standard culture medium used to isolate Leptospira.
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Ellinghausen-McCullough-Johnson-Harris
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Give one important factor in the occurence of epidemic leptospirosis.
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Seasonal flood or rain
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Incubation period of leptospirosis.
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5-14 days (Range 2-30 days)
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Organ where Leptospira can be found despite the presence of circulating anti-Leptospiral antibodies.
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Brain, liver, lung, heart, kidney
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T/F. Jaundice in leptospirosis results from widespread hepatocyte necrosis.
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False
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T/F. Conjunctival suffusion is pathognomonic for leptospirosis.
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FALSE
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T/F. The typical picture of CNS involvement in leptospirosis is that of an aseptic meningitis.
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TRUE
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Give one viral infection that can be considered as a differential in patients with leptospirosis.
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Dengue, Chikingunya, hantavirus infection, viral hepatitis
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Give one prophylactic drug used
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Doxycycline, Azithromycin
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The antimalarial drug used for the treatment of mild leptospirosis.
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Doxycycline, amoxicillin, ampicillin
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Most important risk factor for assoc with
endemic leptospirosis: |
FLOOD/ RAINS
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Average incubation period of leptospirosis:
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5-14 days
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Pathognomonic sign of leptospirosis
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none
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Main pathophysiologic lesion in acute
leptospirosis: |
Injury to PCT
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Gold standard serologic test to diagnose
leptospirosis |
Microscopic Agglutination Test
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Drug for leptospirosis prophylaxis
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Doxycycline
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3rd gen cephalosporin for severe leptospirosis
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Cetriaxone or Cefotaxime
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Leptospires infect humans through
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mucosa (usually conjunctival and possibly oral or tonsillar) or through macerated, punctured, or abraded skin.
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leptospires can be isolated from blood during the first
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3-10 days of clinical illness
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Primary injury of the proximal convoluted tubules is the primary renal pathophysiologic lesion in
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acute leptospirosis
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In the heart, pericardial and endocardial hemorrhage, disruption of myocardial fiber organization, and scattered myocyte necrosis (accompanied, grossly, by dilation of both right and left ventricles) are pathological lesions associated with
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severe leptospirosis
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Leptospirosis is classically described as
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biphasic
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in the initial leptospiremic phase lasts for 3–10 days
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Acute fever
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is characterized by variable combinations of jaundice, acute kidney injury, hypotension, and hemorrhage—mostcommonly involving the lungs
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Weil's disease
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An infected person usually has been immersed in or has had mucosal or percutaneous exposure to
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contaminated animal urine.
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are the diagnostic mainstay in leptospirosis.
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Serologic assays
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Cultures usually become positive after
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2–4 weeks
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tx for Mild leptospirosis
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Doxycycline (100 mg PO bid) or
Amoxicillin (500 mg PO tid) or Ampicillin (500 mg PO tid) |
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tx Moderate/severe leptospirosis
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Penicillin (1.5 million units IV or IM q6h) or
Ceftriaxone (1 g/d IV) or Cefotaxime (1 g IV q6h) |
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Chemoprophylaxis
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Doxycycline (200 mg PO once a week) or
Azithromycin (250 mg PO once or twice a week) |
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All regimens are given for __ days
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7
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The severity of illness in terms of ___ dysfunction is the most important determinant of prognosis
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pulmonary and renal
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Aside from jaundice, what are the two other components of Weil’s disease
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hemorrhagic diathesis and renal failure
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Microscopic agglutination test is a serologic exam which tests for the presence of leptospires in the body. What level is considered is significant when a single detection is requested
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1:200 to 1:800
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Give one agent which can be used for moderate to severe leptospirosis
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Penicillin G, Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Ceftrizone, Cefotaxime, Erythromycin
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2 most common PE findings in leptospirosis
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fever
& conjunctival suffusion |
