Lecture 12 Bio

Front 1

The dinosaur named _____ is the largest female Tyrannosaurus rex ever discovered. Her skeleton can be viewed at the Field Museum in Chicago, Illinois.

Back 1

Sue

Front 2

An important for the fossilization of tissues and bones is that these soft tissues must become _______.

Back 2

mineralized

Front 3

The most famous _____ fossils are the Laetoli footprints of early humans, dated to 3.6 million years ago, which represent two adults and a small child walking in an upright position.

Back 3

trace

Front 4

_____ fossils can contain the remains of perfectly preserved insects and spiders.

Back 4

Resin

Front 5

One way to date fossils is to use the order of horizontal layers of rock, known as _____, that have been formed over time. Because the layers are formed sequentially through the ages the age of a fossil can be inferred.

Back 5

strata

Front 6

Charles Doolittle Walcott discovered many types of organisms in the fossils of the __________, many of which were so bizarre that he could not find any counterparts among living species.

Back 6

Burgess Shale

Front 7

Pikaia was a small animal that lived during the Cambrian explosion. Its body plan resembles that of the modern ________, with a similar arrangement of the muscle segments, spinal cord, and brain.

Back 7

vertebrates

Front 8

The ________ was a period in time in the early oceans when there was a sudden emergence of animal forms.

Back 8

Cambrian explosion

Front 9

One of the hypotheses for the Cambrian explosion was an increase in the Earth’s _______ concentration, which promoted the evolution or larger body forms.

Back 9

oxygen

Front 10

For millions of years, the ocean floor had been covered with clams, but the development of new types of _______ which evolved more effective ways of breaking into the clams _____ almost wiped them out.

Back 10

predators, shells

Front 11

The lampsilis mussels have evolved a special fish-like lure that attracts ________. The larvae of the mussel feed on the blood in its gills for several weeks before falling off.

Back 11

Large Mouth Bass

Front 12

There are ____ species of bats, of which ____% feed on insects.

Back 12

900, 70

Front 13

A good example of the __________ is the cheetah and the gazelle, because no matter how many gazelles the cheetah catches, some gazelles get away.

Back 13

evolutionary arms race

Front 14

With a svelte and muscular body, cheetahs can accelerate to a top speed of ____ in a few seconds, but only weigh slightly more than ______

Back 14

70 mph, 100 lbs

Front 15

In Lewis Carroll’s Through the Looking-Glass, . Alice asked the ________ why they did not seem to be going anywhere during their race. This scene is a good analogy for the Evolutionary Arms race, in which neither participant can get anywhere, but must keep evolving in order to just keep up.

Back 15

Red Queen