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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Criteria for stimuli effective as CS or US
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1. initial response to the stimulus
US elicits a response automatically CS can't elicit same response as US prior to training 2. Novelty |
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Same stimulus can act as a US or CS in different situation
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ex: sweet milk in taste aversion (CS)
sweet milk in tone-milk pairing (US) |
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Novelty
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familiarity of CS or US retards rate of conditioning
1. familiar CS = latent inhibition 2. familiary US = US pre-exposure effect, preexposure to US makes it more difficult to learn association between CS and US 3. Intensity of salience rule = more intense stimuli make better CSs and USs 4. CS-US relevance (belongingness) some stimuli just "belong together" and are easy to associate |
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Why does pre-exposure to the CS or US cause impaired conditioning
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repeated exposure = inattention to CS (similar to habituation)
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Associative Interference Theory
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Animals learn that CS is not important, and it makes it more difficult to learn CS-US association
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Memory Interference
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Animals learn association fine but memory of CS alone trials disrupts responding
context effects support this theory (Rosas and Bouton, 1997) |
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Belongingness
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CS-US relevance, some stimuli just belong together and are easy to associate
Garcia & Koelling (1966) CS1 = flavor CS2= AVS US1 = illness US2= Shock found flavor/illness and AVS/shock went together better and were learned quicker |
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biological strength
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US typically elicits stronger response than CS
light elicits orienting shock elicits big startle response |
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1st order conditioning
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CS + US
tone + food = salivation tone = salivation |
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2nd order conditioning
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CS2 + CS1
CS2 = CR1 light and tone, when tone was paired with food -> salivation light = salivation |
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Exceptions of biological strength
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sensory preconditioning - 2 biologically weak stimuli can become prepared
Repeated pairings of light (CS) and tone (CS) How could we know if these two are associated? test tone andfreezing 2. counterconditioning: 2 biologically strong stimuli are paired (2USs) |
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Training for counterconditioning
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counterconditioning group : US1 (shock), US2 (food)
control group: US1 (shock) US2 (food) Test - measure conditioned suppression Results - counterconditioning group supressed less |
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Antecedent stimuli
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preceding the big scary stimuli
block agrgessive response |
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Biological Strength
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how relevant particular stimuli is to an organism's survival
relative difference is key cannot pair 2 weak and 2 strong stimuli |
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Sensory preconditioning
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2 biologically weak
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Counterconditioning
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2 biologically strong stimuli
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What determines the nature of conditioned reponse?
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stimulus-substitution model (pavlov)
separate beural centers in brain that process CS and US and for generating the UR |
