Learning, Memory, & Cognition

Front 1

Rules of Association

Back 1

Contiguity, Frequency, & Similarity

Hint 1

Three Rules, Proposed by Aristotle

Front 2

Nativism

Back 2

Knowledge is inborn

Hint 2

Plato, Descarte, Darwin

Front 3

Empiricism

Back 3

Knowledge is acquired through experience

Hint 3

Aristotle, Locke, Pavlov

Front 4

Law of Effect

Back 4

Behavior isn't shaped by subconscious but by past experience; we seek to repeat rewards and avoid punishments

Hint 4

Principle of behaviorism

Front 5

Humans are basically the same as any other animal

Back 5

Evolutionary Perspective

Hint 5

What works for a rat will also work for a human from this perspective

Front 6

How did Behaviorists make psychology more scientific/objective?

Back 6

Focused on observable events, adopted an evolutionary approach, searched for mathematical laws of behavior that would apply to humans and animals

Front 7

Key Figures of Behaviorisn

Back 7

Watson, Hull, Skinner

Hint 7

Named it, focused on mathematics, public intellectual leader

Front 8

Principles of Cognitive Approach

Back 8

Focus on Mental Processing, Computer Metaphor, Nuanced Evolutionary Perspective, Modeling/Simulation, Intrinsic Motivation

Front 9

Objective measurement to understand the mind as a computer is typical of:

Back 9

Cognitive Approach

Hint 9

George Miller, Digit Span

Front 10

Rumelhart's Cognition

Back 10

Network of connections between simple processing units called Nodes. Networks were called Connectionist Models

Hint 10

Part of cognitive approach

Front 11

Distributed Representation

Back 11

Information is coded as an activation pattern distributed across many different nodes

Hint 11

Rumelhart

Front 12

Neuroscience

Back 12

Scientific study of the brain and the rest of the nervous system

Front 13

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Back 13

Brain & Spinal Cord, processes information and generates behavioral pain

Front 14

Three Functions of the Nervous System

Back 14

Collect info, Process info, & Generate behavior

Front 15

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Back 15

Consists of Motor and Sensory neurons that connect brain, spinal cord, and rest of body. PNS sensory neurons collect information while motor neurons relay behavioral plan to muscles

Front 16

Brainstem

Back 16

Sits atop spinal cord; connects brain & spinal cord and completes many physiological functions

Hint 16

Breathing & Digestion

Front 17

Cerebellum

Back 17

Important for Motor Control & Coordination

Hint 17

'Little Brain'

Front 18

Thalamus

Back 18

Relays sensory information to the brain

Hint 18

'the egg'

Front 19

Subcortical Structures

Back 19

Located between brain stem and cortex

Hint 19

Thalamus

Front 20

Basal Ganglia

Back 20

Planning and producing skilled movements

Hint 20

Playing musical instrument

Front 21

Hippocampus

Back 21

Learning new facts

Hint 21

Aka The Seahorse

Front 22

Amygdala

Back 22

Emotional Memories

Hint 22

Aka the Almond

Front 23

Subcortical White Matter

Back 23

Massive tracts of neural wiring connecting regions of cortex to other brain areas

Front 24

Corpus Callosum

Back 24

Connects cortex of the two hemispheres

Front 25

Cerebral Cortex

Back 25

Very thin layering if cells on the outer surface of the brain; thin but heavily folded, squeezing in large surface area

Hint 25

Plays a role in most voluntary behaviors

Front 26

Frontal Lobe

Back 26

Planning and performing complex actions

Front 27

Parietal Lobe

Back 27

Touch, Feeling, Sense of space

Front 28

Occipital Lobe

Back 28

Vision

Front 29

Temporal Lobe

Back 29

Hearing and Remembering

Front 30

Neurons

Back 30

Process information; consist of Dendrites, Soma, and Axon

Hint 30

Capable of modifying how they process info

Front 31

Glia

Back 31

Provide support, structure; outnumber neurons about 9:1

Front 32

Reflex

Back 32

Natural, automatic response to stimuli

Front 33

Synaptic Plasticity

Back 33

Ability of synapses to change as a result of experience

Front 34

Hebbian Learning

Back 34

Learning that involves strengthening connections between neurons that work together

Hint 34

Neurons that fire together, wire together

Front 35

Long Term Potentiation (LTP)

Back 35

Process in which synaptic transmission becomes more effective as a result of recent activity

Front 36

Long Term Depression (LTD)

Back 36

Process in which synaptic transmission becomes less effective as a result of recent activity

Front 37

Engram

Back 37

Supposed physical change in the brain that forms the basis of a memory