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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Traits of extractive industries |
Location specific Capital and technology intensive Mixture of privately and state-owned firms |
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Capital intensive example |
Tengiz oilfield in Kazakhstan is rich in oil but hard to exploit as it is the deepest high pressure deposit in the world, v high pa, oil is scalding hot, poisonous hydrogen sulphide that must be removed |
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State ownership and private exploitation |
Shell in Nigeria pays royalties to government on amount of resources extracted |
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Private ownership and exploitation |
Countries like USA and China compete to secure access to minerals in African countries USA via military support and China via railways, schools, hospitals and roads |
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State ownership and exploitation |
Gazprom, the world's largest gas producer is linked to Russia's political leadership |
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List mining environmental impacts |
Deforestation Air pollution Water pollution Soil erosion Water intensive Habitat destruction Cost of rehabilitation of mines
WASD HWC |
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Deforestation eg |
Coal mining in USA used 2.4m hectares |
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Air pollution eg |
Baotou in China has suffered from air pollution due to mining, affects residents |
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Water pollution eg |
Groundwater in South Africa is heavily contaminated and acidified due to oxidation of pyrite in mine dumps |
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Water intensive eg |
In 2005, USA used 4020 million gallons of water in a day that were withdrawn for mining |
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Oil and gas industry impacts |
Flaring of excess gas Deforestation Oil leakages Biodiversity loss
Don't fking break oil |
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Flaring of excess gas eg |
Shell Nigeria has flaring caused increase in temp and released harmful gases |
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Deforestation eg |
Oil and gas industries in Canada deforested 3× more than timber industry |
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Oil leakages eg |
Nigeria has 35 oil spills from 1990-2007 that pollutes crops and marine life |
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Biodiversity loss eg |
USA Texaco destroyed rainforest in equador |
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Positive economic impacts of extractive industries |
Macroeconomic performance Government revenues Positive externalities and development of other sectors |
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Eg gov revenues |
75% of Nigeria GDP is from oil industry in 2010 |
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Negative impacts of extractive industries |
Low employment Susceptible to fluctuating world prices |
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Eg employment |
ExxonMobil employs 80000 ppl while Walmart employs 2100000 ppl |
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Negative social impacts from extractive industries |
Displacement of population Land management Economic dependency LED |
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Positive social impacts of extractive industries |
New job creation New business opportunities Higher salaries Local infra dev Social services improvements |
