Kinesiology Ch. 19 - 20

Front 1

Back 1

Rectus femoris

Front 2

Back 2

1. Vastus lateralis

2. Vastus intermedius

3. Vastus medialis

Front 3

Back 3

1. Semitendinosus

2. Biceps femoris, long head

3. Semimembranosus

4. Biceps femoris, short head

Front 4

Back 4

Popliteus

Front 5

Back 5

Gastrocnemius

Front 6

What is the ROM and end feels for knee flexion and extension?

Back 6

Flexion 0-135 soft or firm

Extension 0 firm

Front 7

The knee joint is the largest joint in the body, and it is classified as a ____ ____ joint.

Back 7

Synovial, hinge

However, it is not a true hinge because it has a rotational component.

Front 8

The last motion that occurs during knee extension is called what?

Back 8

Screw home mechanism

Front 9

What type of relationship do the femur and tibia have in a closed chain action?

Back 9

Convex on concave

Front 10

What is open-packed position for the knee? Close-packed? What is the capsular pattern?

Back 10

OP: 25* flexion

CP: full ext. with ER of tibia

CP: flexion > extension

Front 11

Articulation between thigh bone and small bone on top of knee

Back 11

Patellofemoral

Front 12

What are the main functions of the patella?

Back 12

Increase mechanical advantage of quadriceps

Protect knee joint

Front 13

Angle between the quadriceps and the patellar tendon

Back 13

Q angle: normal range is 13-19*

Many knee and patellar problems are associated with abnormal Q angles.

Hint 13

Front 14

What is open-packed position for the patellofemoral joint?

Back 14

Knee fully extended

Front 15

Large projection at the proximal end of the tibia on the anterior surface

Back 15

Tibial tuberosity

Front 16

The ACL and PCL are named for their attachment on the ____.

Back 16

Tibia

Front 17

Back 17

1. Anterior cruciate ligament

2. Lateral collateral ligament

3. Medial collateral ligament

4. Medial meniscus

5. Posterior cruciate ligament

Front 18

The ____ ligaments provide stability in the sagittal plane while the ____ ligaments provide stability in the frontal plane.

Back 18

Cruciate, collateral

Front 19

The ACL tightens during ____, and the PCL tightens during ____.

Back 19

Extension, flexion

The ACL is injured much more frequently than the PCL.

Front 20

Which collateral ligament is attached to a meniscus?

Back 20

Medial collateral ligament

This contributes to frequent tearing of the medial meniscus.

Front 21

A blow to the lateral side of the knee is a ____ force while one to the medial side is a ____ force.

Back 21

Valgus, varus

Front 22

What are two functions of the menisci?

Back 22

Absorb shock

Deepen tibial surface

Front 23

Which nerves and blood vessels run through the popliteal space?

Back 23

Tibial and common fibula (nerve)

Popliteal artery and vein

Front 24

From anterior to posterior, the sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus make up the ____ ____.

Back 24

Pes anserine

Front 25

When a person is knock-kneed (____ ____), the weight of the body is centered to the ____ side of the knee joint and the ____ is stretched.

Back 25

Genu valgum, lateral, MCL

Front 26

When a person is bow-legged (____ ____), the weight of the body is centered to the ____ side of the knee joint and the ____ is stretched.

Back 26

Genu varus, medial, LCL

Front 27

Which muscles wrap around the sides of the femur?

Back 27

Vastus lateralis and medialis

Front 28

Which part of the hamstring group functions only at the knee?

Back 28

Short head of biceps femoris

Front 29

Which muscle creates the rotational pull needed to unlock the knee as it begins flexion?

Back 29

Popliteus

Front 30

Which muscles come together to form the Achilles tendon?

Back 30

Gastrocnemius and soleus

Front 31

Which muscle makes it possible for a person to extend the knee without using the quads?

Back 31

Gastrocnemius

Front 32

Which muscles do not have a prime mover function at the knee but do help to stabilize the joint?

Back 32

Gracilis

Sartorius

Tensor fascia lata

Front 33

The ____ nerve innervates the quads, and the ____ nerve innervates the hamstrings.

Back 33

Femoral, sciatic

Front 34

Coxa varus is seen in conjunction with ____ ____, and coxa valgus is seen with ____ ____.

Back 34

Genu valgus, genu varus

Front 35

Jumper's knee; results from overuse stress or sudden impact overload

Back 35

Patellar tendonitis

Front 36

Common overuse injury among growing adolescents; inflammation of the growth plate on the tibial tuberosity

Back 36

Osgood-Schlatter disease

Front 37

Softening and degeneration of cartilage on back of patella

Back 37

Chondromalacia patella

Front 38

Housemaid's knee; occurs when there is constant pressure between skin and patella

Back 38

Prepatellar bursitis

Front 39

The terrible triad, caused by a single blow to the knee, involves tears to which structures?

Back 39

ACL, MCL, medial meniscus

Front 40

Problem of the LE involving increased anteversion of the femoral head; associated with genu valgus, increased tibial torsion, and flat feet

Back 40

Miserable malalignment syndrome

Front 41

Back 41

1. Plantaris

2. Soleus

Front 42

Back 42

Tibialis posterior

Front 43

Back 43

Flexor hallucis longus

Front 44

Back 44

Flexor digitorum longus

Front 45

Back 45

Tibialis anterior

Front 46

Back 46

Extensor hallucis longus

Front 47

Back 47

Extensor digitorum longus

Front 48

Back 48

Fibularis longus

Front 49

Back 49

1. Fibularis brevis

2. Fibularis tertius

Front 50

Back 50

1. Calcaneus

2. Talus

Front 51

Back 51

1. Navicular

2. Cuboid

3. Third cuneiform

4. Second cuneiform

5. First cuneiform

Front 52

Back 52

1. Metatarsal

2. Proximal phalanx

3. Middle phalanx

4. Distal phalanx

Front 53

Medial superior part of the calcaneus that projects out to support the talus

Back 53

Sustentaculum tali

Front 54

Which metatarsals bear the most weight?

Back 54

First and fifth

Front 55

In the gait cycle, the ____ is the first part of the foot that makes contact with the ground.

Back 55

Hindfoot

Front 56

What are three main functions of the ankle joint and foot?

Back 56

Act as shock absorber

Adapt to level of ground

Provide stable BOS

Front 57

Which motions do the ankle and foot allow?

Back 57

Plantar flexion/dorsiflexion - saggital plane

Inversion/eversion - frontal plane

Abduction/adduction - transverse plane

Front 58

Inversion of the foot is accompanied by ____, and eversion by ____.

Back 58

Adduction, abduction

Front 59

Supination of the foot is a combination of what movements?

Back 59

Plantar flexion, inversion, adduction

Front 60

Pronation of the foot is a combination of what movements?

Back 60

Dorsiflexion, eversion, abduction

Front 61

Which plane joint helps dissipate torsional stresses applied at the ankle joint?

Back 61

Superior tibiofibular

Front 62

Which joint of the lower leg is a syndemosis?

Back 62

Inferior tibiofibular

This joint determines overall strength of the ankle joint.

Front 63

What is the name of the true ankle joint and how is it classified?

Back 63

Talocrural or talotibial

Uniaxial hinge

Hint 63

Front 64

What is normal ROM and end feels for the following ankle movements?

Dorsiflexion/plantar flexion

Inversion/eversion

Back 64

Dorsiflexion 0-20 firm

Plantar flexion 0-50 firm or hard

Inversion 0-35 firm

Eversion 0-15 firm or hard

Front 65

The ____ talus glides posteriorly on the ____ tibia during dorsiflexion.

Back 65

Convex, concave

Front 66

Back 66

Subtalar joint

Front 67

Plantar/dorsiflexion occur primarily at the ____ joint. Inversion/eversion occur at the subtalar and ____ joints.

Back 67

Talocrural, transverse tarsal

Front 68

The first MTP joint allows about 90* of ____. This is important during which phase of walking?

Back 68

Hyperextension, toe-off phase

Front 69

What are the four parts of the deltoid ligament?

Back 69

Tibionavicular

Tibiocalcaneal

Posterior tibiotalar

Anterior tibiotalar

Hint 69

Front 70

What are the three parts of the lateral ligament?

Back 70

Anterior talofibular

Calcaneofibular

Posterior talofibular

Hint 70

Front 71

Which bones form the medial longitudinal arch?

Back 71

Calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuneiforms, 1-3 metatarsals

Front 72

Which bone is the keystone of the medial longitudinal arch?

Back 72

Talus

Front 73

Which bones form the lateral longitudinal arch?

Back 73

Calcaneus, cuboid, 4-5 metatarsals

Front 74

Which bones form the transverse arch?

Back 74

Cuneiforms, cuboid

Front 75

Which ligament supports the medial side of the longitudinal arch?

Back 75

Spring ligament

Front 76

Which ligament is the primary support of the lateral longitudinal arch?

Back 76

Long plantar ligament

Hint 76

Front 77

Which leg muscles are in the superficial posterior group?

Back 77

Gastrocnemius

Soleus

Plantaris

Front 78

Which leg muscles are in the deep posterior group?

Back 78

Tibialis posterior

Flexor hallucis longus

Flexor digitorum longus

Front 79

Which leg muscles are in the anterior group?

Back 79

Tibialis anterior

Extensor hallucis longus

Extensor digitorum longus

Front 80

Which leg muscles are in the lateral group?

Back 80

Fibularis longus

Fibularis brevis

Fibularis tertius

Front 81

What is the deepest muscle in the calf of the leg?

Back 81

Tibialis posterior

Front 82

Which muscles form the stirrup of the foot?

Back 82

Fibularis longus

Tibialis anterior

Front 83

What is the point of reference for abduction/adduction of the toes?

Back 83

Second toe

Front 84

The tibial nerve innervates muscles in which area?

Back 84

Posterior leg, plantar surface of foot

Front 85

The superficial fibular nerve innervates muscles in which area?

Back 85

Lateral side of leg

Front 86

The deep fibular nerve innervates muscles in which area?

Back 86

Anterior leg

Front 87

What causes the pain of a shin splint?

Back 87

Inflammation of the periosteum

Front 88

Back 88

Equinus foot

Hindfoot is fixed in plantar flexion.

Front 89

Loss of the medial longitudinal arch; flat foot

Back 89

Pes planus

Front 90

Back 90

Hallux valgus

Front 91

Back 91

Hammer toe

Front 92

Pathology caused by abnormal pressure on the plantar digital nerves; results in pain and numbness in the toe area

Back 92

Morton's neuroma

Front 93

Which structure is frequently injured in ankle sprains?

Back 93

Lateral ligament

Front 94

Which bone is most commonly involved in an ankle fracture?

Back 94

Lateral malleolus

Front 95

What would cause a person to lose the ability to plantar flex the ankle?

Back 95

Ruptured Achilles tendon

Front 96

This process relieves pain at the subtalar joint, but inversion and eversion at the ankle are lost.

Back 96

Triple arthrodesis

Front 97

Extension of the knee when WB is a ____ chain activity. The ____ moves on the ____.

Back 97

Closed, femur, tibia

Front 98

During extension of the knee while WB, what combination of movements does the femur demonstrate?

Back 98

Rolling

Posterior gliding

Medial spinning - during last 20*

Front 99

What is one common way the PCL is injured?

Back 99

In a car accident; the so-called "dashboard injury"

The most frequent MOI is a direct blow to the anterior aspect of the proximal tibia on a flexed knee with the ankle in plantarflexion.

Front 100

Which muscles form the borders of the popliteal space?

Back 100

Front 101

What are some things that might cause patellofemoral pain syndrome?

Back 101

Increased Q angle

Patella alta

Quad weakness/tightness

ER weakness - gluteus medius

Excessive foot pronation

Front 102

In calcaneal ____, the distal segment is angled away from midline.

Back 102

Valgus

Front 103

Used to describe motion around an obliquely oriented axis that passes through all three planes

Back 103

Triplanar

Front 104

What is open-packed position for the talocrural joint? Close-packed? What is the capsular pattern?

Back 104

OP: 10* PF, midway between inv/ev

CP: max DF

CP: PF > DF

Front 105

What is open-packed position for the subtalar joint? Close-packed?

Back 105

OP: midway between all motions

CP: supination