Key Terms Of The Italian Renaissance

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Alfonso I

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King of Napels, patronized Lorenzo Valla a humanist, kings in continual conflict with Papacy, Valla proved the Donation of Constantine a forgery in favor of Alfonso I, from Aragon, secured Napels in 1443

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Brunelleschi

Back 2

architect, dome atop cathedral in Florence, combine new and old ideas, challenged Gothic architecture and combined it with classical structures, geometry (planes & spheres), perspective

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Alberti

Back 3

"On the Family"--proper family lifestyles in urban setting, humanist

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Leonardo da Vinci

Back 4

universal man, futuristic tanks, Last Supper, Mona Lisa, painter, scientist, perspective, geometry

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humanist

Back 5

secular studies of classical texts in Italy, not anti-religious, Grammar, rhetoric, moral philosophy, history, Cicero influential classical writer

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Petrarch

Back 6

"father of humanism", elevated Cicero, divided middle ages, renaissance, and classical world

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Lorenzo Bruni

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studied and translated Plato and Aristotle, founded Florentine Platonic Academy

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Francesco Sforza

Back 8

military aristocratic gov't leader of Milan, overthrew Visconti

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doge

Back 9

leader of Venice, gov't, served for life

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Lorenzo de' Medici

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patron of the arts, especially Michaelangelo, Medici family bankers and doges of Venice, let banking slip to amazing diplomatic strategies, Renaissance man

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Ottoman Empire

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overthrew Byzantine empire, scared Italy into city-state wars, bordered Europe closest to Venice

Front 12

guild

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Florence monopoly system, need membership, social status determined by membership in this (top=merchants & bankers, mid=skilled craftsmen, low=everyone else)

Front 13

Donatello

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equestrian monumental statue, both classical and modern ideas, sculptor, "Judith Slaying Holofernes"

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Piero della Francesca

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(1420-1492), painter, "The Resurrection", geomery, visual unity, followed Masaccio's genius

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Michelangelo Buonarotti

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RENAISSANCE MAN, architect (dome of St. Peter's Cathedral in Rome), painter (ceiling of Sistine Chapel), sculptor (The Pieta and David), patronized by Lorenzo de' Medici, son of wealthy Florence family

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Picco della Mirandola

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"Oration on the Dignity of Man" (1486), Renaissance writing influenced by discovery of Plato's works, humans determine their own fate

Front 17

Donation of Constantine

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Pope's justification for not recognizing Alfonso I as king of Naples. Lorenzo Valla, a humanist, translated and studied this doctrine and proved it a forgery.

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Castiglione

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Humanist, author of The Courtier, an etiquette book for how a nobel should react in Renaissance society

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condottieri

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scary, paid, army leaders

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Cosimo de' Medici

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leader of Florence, rich banking family, patron of arts

Front 21

Peace of Lodi

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1454 alliances grew from it, Florence/Milan v. Naples/Venice, italian wars

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fall of Constantinople

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1453, all classical texts and literature moves to Florence, Italy. Florence becomes the center of the Renaissance and humanist studies

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dowry

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"everything" in a Renaissance woman's life, an economical view on children in Renaissance

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Masaccio

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"Adam and Eve", painter, linear perspective, 3-dimensions

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Botticelli

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"Birth of Venus", painter, romanticism and emotion in paintings

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Giorgia Vasari

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studied Renaissance, "Lives of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects" 1550, named 200 artists worthy of distinction

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Lorenzo Valla

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Humanist under Alfonso I, proved the Donation of Constantine a forgery. Pope wouldn't recognize Alfonso I as the king of Naples until D of C was invalid.

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Charles VIII

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king of France, allies with Milan to conquer most of Italy during Italian city-state wars

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Machiavelli

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1513, wrote "The Prince", a guide to power for all princes in the Renaissance era. Machiavelli advises that the Prince should seem religious but it doesn't really matter, he should do everything possible to gain power without any regard to ethics

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Great Council

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men in public office in Venice, 2,500 men, only families with power, gov't system, like guilds

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Mehmed II

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prince of the Ottoman Empire, threatens Italy, Italy scared into wars

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Gothic

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style of architecture in Renaissance, pointed arches, flying buttresses, stained glass windows, elaborate ornate interior, taller, more airy, lots of light, lavish sculpture, larger than life, began in 12th century France