Juvenile Justice System - Exam 2

Front 1

View that women who commit crimes have biological and psychological traits similar to those of men.

Back 1

Masculinity Hypothesis

Front 2

A theory of development that holds that children internalize gender scripts that reflect the gender-related social practices of the culture. Once internalized, these gender scripts predisposed the kids to construct a self-identity that is consistent with them.

Back 2

Gender-Schema Theory

Front 3

The view that low female crime and delinquency rates are a reflection of the leniency with which police treat female offenders.

Back 3

Chivalry/Paternalism Hypothesis

Front 4

Sexual experimentation in early adolescence.

Back 4

Precocious Sexuality

Front 5

Asserts that females are less delinquent than males because their social roles provide them with fewer opportunities to commit crime; as the roles of girls and women become more similar to those of boys and men so too will their crime patterns.

Back 5

Liberal Feminism

Front 6

Holds that gender inequality stems from unequal power of men and women become more similar to those of men and women and the subsequent exploitation of women and men; the cause of female delinquency originates with the onset of male supremacy and the efforts of males to control female sexuality.

Back 6

Critical Feminism

Front 7

Holds that gender differences in the delinquency rate are a function of class differences and economic conditions that influence the structure of family life.

Back 7

Power-Control Theory

Front 8

Husband and wife share power at home; daughters gain a kind of freedom similar to that of sons and their law-violating behaviors mirror those of their brothers.

Back 8

Egalitarian Families

Front 9

A family unit composed of parents and their children; this smaller family structure is subject to great stress due to the intense close contact between parents and children.

Back 9

Nuclear Family

Front 10

Home in which one or both parents are absent due to divorce or separation; children in such an environment may be prone to antisocial behavior.

Back 10

Broken Home

Front 11

Nuclear families that are the product of divorce and remarriage, blending one parent from each of two families and their combined children into one family unit.

Back 11

Blended Families

Front 12

An environment of discord and conflict within the family; children who grow up in dysfunctional homes often exhibit delinquent behaviors, having learned at a young age that aggression pays off.

Back 12

Intra-family Violence

Front 13

Families in which parents are able to integrate their children into the household unit while at the same time helping assert their individuality and regulate their own behavior.

Back 13

Parental Efficacy

Front 14

A condition that occurs when parents have such large families that their resources, such as time and money, are spread too thin, causing lack of familial support and control.

Back 14

Resource Dilution

Front 15

Non-accidental physical injury of children by their parent or guardian.

Back 15

Battered Child Syndrome

Front 16

Any physical, emotional or sexual trauma to a child, including neglecting to give proper care and attention, for which no reasonable explanation can be found.

Back 16

Child Abuse

Front 17

Passive neglect by a parent or guardian, depriving children of food, shelter, health care and love.

Back 17

Neglect

Front 18

Mass murders in which a spouse and one or more children are slain.

Back 18

Familicide

Front 19

A preliminary protective or temporary custody hearing in which the court will review the facts and determine whether removal of the child is justified and notify parents of the charges against them.

Back 19

Advisement Hearing

Front 20

The attorney for the social services agency presents an overview of the case and a plea bargain or negotiated settlement can be agreed upon in a consent decree.

Back 20

Pretrial Conference

Front 21

The social service agency presents its case plan and recommendations for care of the child and treatment of the parents, including incarceration and counseling or other treatment.

Back 21

Disposition Hearing

Front 22

Efforts of the courts to balance the parent's natural right to raise a child with the child's right to grow into adulthood without physical or emotional abuse.

Back 22

Balancing-of-the-Interests Approach

Front 23

Periodic meetings to determine whether the conditions of the case plan for an abused child are being met by the parents or guardians of the child.

Back 23

Review Hearings

Front 24

Out-of-court statements made by one person and recounted in court by another; such statements are generally not allowed as evidence except in child abuse cases wherein a child's statements to social workers, teachers, or police may be admissible.

Back 24

Hearsay

Front 25

Small groups of friends who share intimate knowledge and confidences.

Back 25

Cliques

Front 26

Loosely organized groups who share interests and activities.

Back 26

Crowds

Front 27

Aggressive kids who are either highly liked or intensely disliked by their peers and who are the ones most likely to become engaged in antisocial behavior.

Back 27

Controversial Status Youth

Front 28

Group of youths who collectively engage in delinquent behaviors.

Back 28

Gang

Front 29

Delinquent group that fills a crack in the social fabric and maintains standard group practices.

Back 29

Interstitial Group

Front 30

Inner-city areas of extreme poverty where the critical social control mechanisms have broken down.

Back 30

Disorganized Neighborhood

Front 31

Clusters of youth who, outwardly, seem unified but but actually have limited cohesion, impermanence, minimal consensus of norms, shifting membership, disturbed leadership and limited definitions of membership expectations.

Back 31

Near-Groups

Front 32

A Latin word meaning "neighborhood".

Back 32

Barrio

Front 33

Subgroup of same-aged youths in Hispanic gangs that remain together and have separate names and a unique identity in the gang.

Back 33

Klikas

Front 34

Inscriptions or drawings made on a wall or structure and used by delinquents for gang messages and turf definitions.

Back 34

Graffiti

Front 35

Tossing or flashing gang signs in the presence of rivals, often escalating into a verbal or physical confrontation.

Back 35

Representing

Front 36

Member of a white american supremacist gang, identified by a shaved head and Nazi or Ku Klux Klan markings.

Back 36

Skinhead

Front 37

Stealing or assaulting someone to gain prestige in the neighborhood; often part of gang initiation rites.

Back 37

Prestige Crimes

Front 38

Social workers who go out into the community and establish close relationships with juvenile gangs with the goal of modifying gang behavior to conform to conventional behaviors and help gang members get jobs and educational opportunities.

Back 38

Detached Street Workers

Front 39

Involved in few delinquent activities and little dug use other than alcohol and marijuana - members more interested in social activities.

Back 39

Social Gang

Front 40

Concentrates on drug use and sales, but forgoes most delinquent behavior. Drug sales are designed to finance members' personal drug use.

Back 40

Party Gang

Front 41

Engages in serious delinquent behavior while avoiding drug dealing and usage. Drugs only used on social occasions.

Back 41

Serious Delinquent Gang

Front 42

Heavily involved in criminality. Drug use and sales are related to other criminal acts. Gang violence used to establish control over drug sales and territories. Gang is on verge of becoming formal criminal organization.

Back 42

Organized Gang