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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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how many vertebrae are there? What are the types?
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33,
cervical-7 (know C1 atlas, and C2 axis) thoracic-12 lumbar-5 scarum-5 fused verts coccyx- 4 fused verts |
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what does the atlas look like?
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what does the axis look like?
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what are the typical vertebral parts?
(name and imagine 8 in a superior view) |
spineous process (hooks down)
transverse process articular process vertebral arch (lamina+pedicle) vert body vert foramen |
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What is most notable when id-ing a cervical vertebrae?
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transverse foramen
7 from occipal foramen to first rib |
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what is most notable when identifying a thoracic foramen?
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facets for ribs on the vertebral body and usually on the transverse process
heart shaped body 12 for 12 ribs |
head of rib and tubercle of rib make contact
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how to id a lumbar vertebrae?
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5 between the rib cage and the pelvis
kidney shaped body short and thick spineous body |
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what 4 surface anatomy vertebrae should we recognize?
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C7 spineous process
T3 spineous process T12 spineous process L4 Spineous process |
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What is this spineous process?
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C7 spineous process is the vertebra prominens
we can feel it if we bend our head down |
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what is this spineous process?
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T3 at the root of the scapular spine (trace from scapula)
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what is this spineous process?
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this is T12
it is 1/2 way between the inferior end of the scapula and the highest point of the iliac crest |
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what is this spineous process?
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L4
highest point of the iliac crest |
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3 joints to know in the vertebrae?
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atlanto-occipital (yes)
atlanto-axial (no) zygapo-physeal (verts align) |
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Where are the contacts in a zygapophyseal joint?
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In zygapophyseal joints, the the superior and inferior articular processes make contact to make a facet joint
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What is a symphases?
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*a type of secondary cartilagenous joints (fibrocartilage not hyline, slightly movable)
*intravertebral joints which contain IV disks |
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What is an intravertebral (IV) disk composed of?
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nucleus pulposus- a gelatinous core
anulus fibrosus- fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the nucleus pulposus |
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What are the possible movements of the vertebral column? (3)
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extension/flexion
lateral flexion rotation |
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What are the six major ligaments of the spinal column?
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outside of the body in,
ligamentum nuchae supraspineous intraspineous ligamentum flava anterior longitudinal ligament posterior longitudinal ligament |
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ligamentum nuchea (pink!)
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from the supraspineous ligamentum outward
*extends superiorly to the occipital protuberance *limits hyperflexion (head up back bend) *only really over the cervical verts |
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supraspinous ligamentum
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*connects apexes of spineous processes of adjacent verts
*limits hyperflexion |
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intraspinous ligamentum
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connects spineous processes of adjacent vertebrae
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ligamentum flava
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connects laminae of adjacent vertebrae
*limits hyperflexion |
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posterior longitudinal ligamentum
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connects posterior sides of vertebral bodies
limits hyperflexion |
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anterior longitudinal ligamentum
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connects the anterior sides of vertebral bodies (across from ligamentum flavum)
*limits hyperextension (only one!!) closest to the body |
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What are the intrinsic muscles of the back?
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involved in movement of column and head, posture
4! (lateral to medial) splenius and I long for spinach splenius iliocostalis longisimus spinalis erector spinae=i long for spinach |
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herniated disk (clinical correlate)
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symptoms: no pain unless it presses on a nerve
mri/ct confirms when the nucleus pulposus goes beyond the anulus fibrosus |
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how are herniated disks caused?
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age: IV disks tend to dry out and become more fragile
bad movements: pressure with lifting boxes from flexion pops nucleus pulposus into foramen |
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how can herniated disks be treated and prevented?
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most heal on their own
stay active and keep muscles strong proper lifting, weight |
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What are the three types of joints?
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cartilagenous
Fibrous Synovial |
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what are cartilagenous joints? What types are there?
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hyline and fibrocartilage
primary-hyaline cartilage, strongest, often temporary like epiphysis, immovable secondary-fibrocartilage, slightly movable like IV disks |
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What are fibrous joints? how many types?
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one type, fibrous
varying range of motion ex. teeth joint and arm joints are both fibrous but differ in movement |
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what are Synovial joint types? How many are there?
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examples of synovial joints
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plane
hinge saddle condyloid ball and socket |
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clinical correlate: Hypohidrosis/anhidrosis
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sweat glands are unable to sweat
due to damage of the visceral nervous system leading to heat exhaustion |
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