Itp (Consciousness And Attention)

Front 1

"to be alive is to be ____"

Back 1

conscious!

Front 2

the awareness of our own mental processes and our own surroundings.

Back 2

consciousness

Front 3

it is the way we experience what we sense and perceive.

Back 3

conscious

Front 4

he studied the elements of consciousness through introspection.

Back 4

wilhelm wundt

Front 5

he stated that consciousness "happens through our apperception, fueled by our volition (motivation)"

Back 5

wilhelm wundt

Front 6

detailed the four characteristics of consciousness

Back 6

william james

Front 7

according to william james, consciousness is always ___

Back 7

changing!

that's the first characteristic.

Front 8

what's the meaning of "no state once gone can recur and be identical with what was before."

Back 8

ewan. eme.

consciousness is our present state. it is not our past or future since we cannot rewind nor "predict" our consciousness.

Front 9

the second characteristic of consciousness as detailed by william james

Back 9

consciousness is a personal experience.

Front 10

what's the meaning of consciousness being a personal experience?

Back 10

no two persons have the same conscious experience!

it is also the reason why we have different interpretations, beliefs, and opinions.

Front 11

the third characteristic of consciousness as detailed by william james.

Back 11

consciousness is continuous.

Front 12

williams james compared consciousness to a ____, in which it is impossible to ____ it into ____ nor we can know where it ____ or ends.

Back 12

a. stream

b and c. chop it into bits

d. begins

Front 13

the fourth characteristic of consciousness as detailed by william james

Back 13

consciousness is selective.

Front 14

what is the meaning of consciousness being... selective?

Back 14

choosy sha.

joke.

it filters our unnecessary stimuli and only focuses on what it wants to focus on (i.e. what it deems as important)

Front 15

it is a state in which cognitive resources are focused on certain stimuli in the environment.

Back 15

attention

Front 16

it played a key role in developing attention in humans.

Back 16

evolution

Front 17

through this process it is ensured that our brains are always optimally functioning.

Back 17

filtering our unnecessary information OR attention

Front 18

the two types of attention are...?

Back 18

selective attention and divided attention

Front 19

what is selective attention?

Back 19

concentrating on a particular stimuli in the environment while ignoring others.

Front 20

what is divided attention?

Back 20

attempting to attend to two channels of information at the same time.

example: multi-tasking (?)

Front 21

it is a task or test that tests selective attention.

Back 21

stroop test!

Front 22

it is the observed delay in reaction time between congruent and incongruent stimuli is called as the...?

example: in the stroop test involving naming colors, the moment that someone has a "lag" or moment to think about what to say next.

Back 22

stroop effect!

Front 23

change blindness happens when there is...?

Back 23

when there is a change in visual stimulus but was not detected by the individual.

Front 24

the three altered states of consciousness

Back 24

1. sleeping

2. hypnosis

3. getting intoxicated by drugs

so cool!

Front 25

the "apparatus" or machine used to record stages of sleep in which brain activities are studied in each stage.

Back 25

the EEG or electroencephalography

Front 26

two types of "eye movement" in sleep

Back 26

non-rapid eye movement or nREM sleep

and

rapid eye movement or REM sleep

Front 27

stage of nREM where

- light sleep

- heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure become regular

Back 27

stage 1 of nREM sleep

Front 28

we are not conscious when we are...?

Back 28

dead or under comatose

Front 29

a state in which we are not conscious BUT a few parts of the brain are still active

Back 29

comatose state

Front 30

the amount of times that sleep cycles occur in one night

Back 30

4 to 6 times!

Front 31

how long, on average, do sleep cycles last?

Back 31

about 30 minutes

Front 32

transition from awake to sleeping..?

Back 32

hypnagogia

Front 33

here, muscle jerks and sleep paralyses are common

Back 33

hypnagogia

Front 34

number one cause of sleep paralysis

Back 34

stress!

Front 35

hypnopompia is the transition from...?

Back 35

transition from sleeping to wakefulness!

Front 36

stage of sleep that may also be characterized by hallucinations

Back 36

hypnopompia

Front 37

why does our brain naturally paralyze us?

Back 37

to limit body movement

Front 38

stage of sleep where sleep spindles happen

Back 38

stage 2!

Front 39

the start of deep sleep and when internal functions start to slow down.

Back 39

stage 3!

Front 40

the deepest stage of sleep wherein muscles are most relaxed

Back 40

stage 4!

Front 41

part of sleep cycle where we start to dream

Back 41

REM sleep or rapid eye movement sleep

Front 42

the two psychologists that noticed people in REM sleep had their eyes darting back and forth

Back 42

Eugene Aserinsky and Nathaniel Kleitman

Front 43

why do we dream?

Back 43

we don't know!

but, for cognitive psychologists, dreaming is how we consolidate memories.

Front 44

the year when Nathaniel Kleitman and Eugene Aserinsky made their discovery pertaining to REM sleep

Back 44

1950

Front 45

it is released by the pineal gland to regulate sleepiness

Back 45

melatonin!

Front 46

we naturally release ____ when the environment is dark...?

Back 46

melatonin!

Front 47

as we're sleeping, cells are being ____ and ____ are released

Back 47

a. repaired

b. toxins

Front 48

sleep disorder characterized by difficulty of going to sleep or staying asleep at night

Back 48

insomnia

Front 49

how long should the signs and symptoms of insomnia be present to be diagnosed with it?

Back 49

for at least 3 nights a week, over a period of 3 months

Front 50

sleep disorder where the person stays asleep for more than 10 hours but has feelings of fatigue after waking up

Back 50

hypersomnia..

Front 51

sleep disorder characterized by people falling asleep suddenly and quickly without intending to

Back 51

narcolepsy

Front 52

what is cataplexy?

Back 52

the sudden loss of tone and control

Front 53

people with narcolepsy have a defect in their...?

Back 53

hypocretin

Front 54

what is hypocretin responsible for?

Back 54

it regulates wakefulness.

Front 55

sleep disorder of people waking up struggling to breathe, going back to bed, and then, not remembering what happened

Back 55

sleep apnea

Front 56

sleep disorder of children waking up at night with a loud scream and feelings of fear, going back to bed, and then not remembering what happened

Back 56

night terrors

Front 57

what is nightmare disorder?

Back 57

sleeping disorder characterized by continuous nightmares.

Front 58

the usual cause of night terrors and nightmare disorder

Back 58

ptsd

Front 59

also referred to as sleep walking

Back 59

somnambulism

Front 60

the common psychological cause for somnambulism

Back 60

stress

Front 61

also referred to as sleep talking

Back 61

somniloquy

Front 62

also referred to as teeth grinding in sleep

Back 62

bruxism

Front 63

when does bruxism typically happen, in which sleep cycle stage?

Back 63

nREM sleep

Front 64

it is an altered state of consciousness characterized by heightened suggestibility, attention, and acceptance of distortion of reality

Back 64

hypnosis

Front 65

who first used hypnosis?

Back 65

franz anton mesmer in 1775!

Front 66

who first used the term "hypnosis"?

Back 66

james braid in 1843

Front 67

what is hypnosis typically used for?

Back 67

alleviation of stress, panic attacks, and to calm them down.

Front 68

makes the person vulnerable to make the person more submissive towards orders

Back 68

kink.

eme.

hypnosis kasi!

Front 69

chemicals or drugs that can alter our mood, behaviors, and cognition — sometimes, at an extreme level.

Back 69

psychoactive drugs

Front 70

the four psychological effects of psychoactive drugs

Back 70

1. dependence

2. tolerance

3. withdrawal effects

4. addiction

Front 71

effect of psychoactive drugs that makes our body and mind more dependent to the use of the drug.

Back 71

dependence

Front 72

why do we depend physiological and psychological on drugs?

Back 72

to maintain bodily function and maintain mental and emotional functioning, respectively.

Front 73

as we take the drug more and more, the more dosage we need for it to take into effect is an example of which effect of psychoactive drugs?

Back 73

tolerance

Front 74

the experiencing of negative effects when suddenly stopping taking a drug is an example of...?

Back 74

withdrawal or withdrawal effects

Front 75

condition characterized by intense craving for the drug, extreme tolerance and dependence, and social and intrapersonal problems because of drug use — just to name a few, is an example of which psychological effect of psychoactive drugs...?

Back 75

addiction!

Front 76

these are drugs that activate the nervous system by mimicking neurochemical effects

Back 76

stimulants

Front 77

the most common stimulant in the world, typically found in tea and soda drinks.

Back 77

caffeine

Front 78

the second most common type of stimulant, provides relaxation in small doses.

Back 78

nicotine

Front 79

most common psychoactive drug and stimulant in the philippines

Back 79

methamphetamine hydrochloride

Front 80

stimulant that could cause extreme alertness, loss of appetite, and paranoia

Back 80

methamphetamine hydrochloride

Front 81

stimulant derived from leaves of coca shrub, causes manic episode and elation

Back 81

cocaine

ngiwi.

Front 82

stimulant also known as party drugs, produces empathy

Back 82

ecstasy

Front 83

drug that slows down the activity of the nervous system

Back 83

depressants

Front 84

depressant that directly goes into the bloodstream, drowning the brain in the process

Back 84

alcohol

Front 85

depressant that alleviates pain, includes morphine

Back 85

opiates

Front 86

depressant that produces feelings of euphoria or extreme elation

Back 86

heroin

Front 87

drugs that produce hallucinations

Back 87

hallucinogens

Front 88

the most common hallucinogen

Back 88

LSD

Front 89

contact cement and rugby is an example of this hallucinogen

Back 89

inhalants

Front 90

commonly known as magic mushrooms, it provides hallucinations that are divine and religious in nature

Back 90

psilocybin mushroom

Front 91

the most common natural psychoactive drug

Back 91

cannabis

Front 92

common types/names for cannabis

Back 92

1. marijuana

2. mary jane

3. weed

4. pot

Front 93

where in the philippines is cannabis highly valued

Back 93

northern parts

Front 94

why is cannabis referred to as the all in one drug?

Back 94

in small doses, it is a depressant

in medium doses, it is a stimulant

in large doses, it is a hallucinogen

Front 95

cannabis also has ____ benefits

Back 95

medical or medicinal

Front 96

dose of cannabis that causes the feelings of hunger and desire to shower or take a bath

Back 96

medium or moderate dose.