It Chapter 1-3

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is the infrastructure and components that enable modern computing.

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ICT

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It is defined as a diverse set of technological tools and resources used to transmit, store, create, share or exchange information

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ICT

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Uses of ICT in our daily Life

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- communication

- job opportunities

- education

- socializing

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Positive impacts of ICT

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- access to information

- improved access to education

- New tools, new opportunities

- Communication

- information management

- security

- distance learning

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Negative impacts of ICT

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- job loss

- reduced physical interaction

- reduced physical activity

- cost

- competition

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is a programmable machine

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Computer

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is an electronic device that manipulates information, or data. It has the ability to store, retrieve, and process data

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Computer

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Three principal characteristics of a computer

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-It responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined manner.-It can execute a pre-recorded list of instructions. -It can quickly store and retrieve large amounts of data.

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Originally the earliest computer

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Human

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The first use of the word "computer" was recorded in

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1613

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was an ancient memory aid device to record and document numbers, quantities, or even messages.

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Tally sticks

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is a mechanical device used to aid an individual in performing mathematical calculations

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Abacus

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Allowed the operator to multiply, divide and calculate square and cube roots by moving the rods around and placing them in specially constructed boards.

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Napier's Bone

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Napier's Bone is developed by ____ in

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John Napier, 1614

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Used primarily for multiplication, division, roots, logarithms and trigonometry

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Slide rule

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Who invented the slide rule

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William Oughtred in 1622

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It was its limitation to addition and subtraction.

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Pascaline

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Who invented the pascaline

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Blaise Pascal 1642

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The machine that can add, subtract, multiply and divide automatically

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Stepped reckoner

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Who invented the stepped reckoner

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Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in 1672

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It is an automatic loom controlled by punched cards.

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Jacquard Loom

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Who invented the Jacquard Loom

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Joseph-Marie Jacquard in 1881.

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A mechanical calculator invented by Thomas de Colmar in 1820, The first reliable, useful and commercially successful calculating machine. The machine could perform the four basic mathematic functions.The first mass-produced calculating machine.

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Arithmometer

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Who invented the arithmometer

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Thomas de Colmar in 1820

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an automatic, mechanical calculator designed to tabulate polynomial functions. Invented by Charles Babbage in 1822 and 1834It is the first mechanical computer.

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Analytical engine

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Who invented the analytical engine

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Charles Babbage

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She writes programs for the Analytical Engine

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Augusta Ada Byron

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first printing calculator invented by Per Georg Scheutz in 1843

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Scheutzian Calculation Engine

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Invented by Herman Hollerith in 1890.To assist in summarizing information and accounting.

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Tabulating machine

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Who invented the tabulating machine

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Herman Hollerith

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Invented by Howard H. Aiken in 1943.The first electro-mechanical computer

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Harvard Mark 1

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The first programmable computerCreated by Konrad Zuse in Germany from 1936 to 1938.

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Z1

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Commonly known as ABCIt was the first electronic digital computing device.

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Atanasoff-berry computer

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It was the first electronic general-purpose computerCompleted in 1946.Developed by John Presper Eckert and John Mauchly

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ENIAC

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The first commercial computerDesigned by John Presper and John Mauchly

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UNIVAC 1

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The First Stored Program ComputerDesigned by Von Neumann in 1952It has a memory to hold both a stored program as well as data

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EDVAC

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The first portable computer

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Osborne 1

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The first computer company was the

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Electronic Controls Company.

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is the earliest age of information technology. It can be defined as the time between 3000B.C. and 1450A.D

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Premechanical

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Phoenician Alphabet

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when we first start to see connections between our current technology and its ancestors

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Mechanical

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first large-scale automatic digital computer in the United States was the Mark 1 created by Harvard University around 1940

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Electromechanical

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It can be defined as the time between 1940 and right now.This computer was designed to be used by the U.S. Army for artillery firing tables.It mainly used vacuum tubes to do its calculations.

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Electronic

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Vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory

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The first generation

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Allowing computers to become smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy-efficient, and more reliable. Still generated a great deal of heat that can damage the computer.

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The second generation

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Integrated circuit was the hallmark of the third generation of computers. Transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon chips, called semiconductorsIt could carry out instructions in billionths of a second.

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The third generation

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microprocessor brought the fourth generation of computers. As these small computers became more powerful, they could be linked together to form networks, which eventually led to the development of the Internet. Fourth-generation computers also saw the development of GUIs, the mouse, and handheld devices.

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The fourth generation

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Based on Artificial Intelligence (AI). Still in development.The use of parallel processing and superconductors is helping to make artificial intelligence a realityThe goal is to develop devices that respond to natural language input and are capable of learning and self-organization.Today to Future

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Fifth generation

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contains hypertext links, or highlighted keywords and images that lead to related information.

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The web

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an English engineer and computer scientist best known as the inventor of the World Wide Web.

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Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee

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it is an old internet that only allows people to read from the internet. ▸ First stage worldwide

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Web 1.0 Read only static web

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term used to describe a new generation of Web services and applications with an increasing emphasis on human collaboration

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Web 2.0 Dynamic Web

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is the use of Internet-based social media sites to stay connected with friends, family, colleagues, customers, or clients.

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Social networking

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discussion or informational website published on the world wide web consisting of discrete, often informal diarystyle text entries (posts)

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Blogs

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hypertext publication collaboratively edited and managed by its own audience directly using a web b

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Wikis

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website that lets people upload and share their video clips with the public at large or to invited guests

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Video sharing sites

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allows users to categorize and classify/arrange information using freely chosen keywords (e.g. tagging).

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Folksonomy

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content is dynamic and is responsive to user’s input. An example would be a website that shows local content.

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Rich user interference

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the owner of website is not the only one who is able to put content. Others are able to place a content on their own by means of comments, reviews, and evaluation

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User participation

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services are offered on demand rather than on a one-time purchase.

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Long tail

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provides a framework that allows data to be shared and reuse to deliver web content specifically targeting the user

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Semantic web

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the largest computernetwork in the world that connects billions ofcomputer user

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Internet

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a computer program that provides service to another computer program and it’s user.

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Servers

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a numerical label assigned to each device. This provides identity to a network device

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IP address

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 is an application program that provides a way to look information on the web

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Browser

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the phonebook of internet. We access information online through domain names

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Domain name system

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an organization that provides services for accessing, using or participating in the internet

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Internet service provide

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provided internet access to a specific geographic area

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National ISP

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business that provides internet access in cities and towns nationwid

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Regional ISP

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the most common method of sending and receiving messages online

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Email

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coding language used to tell a browser how to place pictures, text, multimedia and links to create a web page.

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HTML

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web address used to connect to a remote resource on the world wide web.

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URL