Iss 220

Front 1

Darwin's theory was known as the theory of:

Back 1

Natural Selection

Front 2

Who was responsible for providing the principles of heredity?:

Back 2

Gregor Mendel

Front 3

A reproductively isolated population or group capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring is a:

Back 3

Species

Front 4

Which of the following best describes the "Great Chain of Being" approach?

Back 4

A categorization of animate and inanimate forms based on observable similarities

Front 5

Mendel discovered that inheritance was particulate, not:

Back 5

Blended

Front 6

If a young man has Type A blood, this is his:

Back 6

Phenotype

Front 7

Overall, what kind of force is mutation in evolution term?:

Back 7

Positive Force

Front 8

Which of the following are steps in the scientific method?:

Back 8

State the problem, form a hypothesis, test the hypothesis, form conclusion

Front 9

A theory is defined as:

Back 9

An explanation of natural phenomena, supported by a reliable body of data

Front 10

Charles Darwin was hired as a _______ on the H.M.S. Beagle:

Back 10

Traveling Companion

Front 11

Which of the following best describes ethnography?:

Back 11

A detailed description of a particular culture primarily on fieldwork including participant observation

Front 12

What was different (or unique) about Gregor Mendel's approach to gardening?:

Back 12

He took systematic notes and was able to identify patterns of heredity

Front 13

The principle that variants of genes for a particular trait retain their separate identities through the generations is called:

Back 13

Law of independent assortment

Front 14

Frans Boas found that one of the major differences between first generation immigrants to the United States and their children was in the area of:

Back 14

Height

Front 15

Alleles are:

Back 15

Alternate forms of a single gene

Front 16

Cell division that involves exact replication of parent cells is called:

Back 16

Mitosis

Front 17

Sex cell division is called:

Back 17

Meiosis

Front 18

Anthropology is unique among social sciences because it has traditionally focused on:

Back 18

Non-western people and culture

Front 19

Genetic analyses indicate that the first humans originated:

Back 19

5-8 millions years

Front 20

The garbage project is an example of:

Back 20

Ethnoarchaeology

Front 21

All of the following are important aspects of study in the Garbage Project, except:

Back 21

How to decrease consumption levels in the United States population

Front 22

What does it mean to say that "Anthropology is an empirical science"?:

Back 22

It is based on observations about humans

Front 23

Which of the following best describes ethnology?:

Back 23

Cross-cultural comparative research

Front 24

An explanation supported by a reliable body of data is called a:

Back 24

Theory

Front 25

The holistic anthropological perspective is expansive and inclusive and involves the study of human beings as:

Back 25

Complex biological and cultural organisms

Front 26

Humans are remarkable among the primates in that they:

Back 26

Inhabit such a wide geographical range

Front 27

The identification of human skeletal remains is the primary focus of:

Back 27

Forensic Anthropology

Front 28

Approximately how many species of primates are considered to be endangered today?:

Back 28

76

Front 29

What British primatologist is most known for studies of chimpanzees?:

Back 29

Jane Goodall

Front 30

A creature that is active at night is considered to be:

Back 30

Nocturnal

Front 31

Mammals have all of the following characteristics except:

Back 31

A combination of nasal and mouth cavities

Front 32

Frans De Waal, is his study of bonobos, has found that the _____ that occurs after an attack may be more important that the attack itself:

Back 32

Reconciliation

Front 33

Which of the following behaviors is unique to bonobos?:

Back 33

Use of large leaves as trail markers for communication

Front 34

Researchers at Gombe, Tanzania have found that annually chimpanzees kill what percentage of red colobus monkeys within their habitat?:

Back 34

20%

Front 35

Chimpanzee hunts are frequently characterized by:

Back 35

Male-Female involvement and teamwork

Front 36

For an aboreal primate, which sense is most important in locating food?:

Back 36

Vision

Front 37

The sense of smell is vital for ______ in their location of food sources:

Back 37

Ground-dwelling, nocturnal mammals

Front 38

What is unique about bonobo sexual activity among non-human primates?:

Back 38

They do not limit their sexual behavior to times of female fertility

Front 39

If a creature is active in the day and rests at night, it is considered to be:

Back 39

Diurnal

Front 40

Participant observation means that the anthropologist should be involved in absolutely everything that a cultural group does in order to study them:

Back 40

False

Front 41

An ethnographer may work among stock brokers in New York City:

Back 41

True

Front 42

An individual's composite physical characteristics are known as the phenotype:

Back 42

True

Front 43

The ultimate source of evolutionary change is mutation:

Back 43

True

Front 44

What is continental drift?:

Back 44

Movement of the earth's surface over time due to plate tectonics

Front 45

If two populations of primates were separated for a substantially long period of time by geographical changes, causing them, over time, to begin developing characteristics that distinguished them from each other, it could result in:

Back 45

Cladogenesis

Front 46

What evidence is used for hominoid fossil to be definitively classified as part of the human evolutionary line?:

Back 46

Bipedalism

Front 47

Why does your textbook classify early human ancestors as "australopithecines"?:

Back 47

It is unclear exactly how many species exist

Front 48

Which of the following is not found characteristically in bipeds?:

Back 48

Opposable big toes

Front 49

Which australopithecine subsisted more on meat that the other?:

Back 49

Gracile

Front 50

Bipedalism confers each of the following advantages over quadrupeds except?:

Back 50

Run faster

Front 51

Which of the following in "Handy Man"?:

Back 51

Homo Habilis

Front 52

Remains in southern Africa suggest that homo erectus may have learned to use fire by:

Back 52

1 million years ago

Front 53

Plate tectonics is responsible for:

Back 53

All of the above

Front 54

When did the Neolithic transition begin?:

Back 54

Around 10,000 years ago

Front 55

Which of the following is NOT an accurate statement?:

Back 55

The switch from food foraging to food production allowed people to work less in subsistence pursuits

Front 56

The Oasis Hypothesis argues that:

Back 56

Climatic shifts and drought created a need for people to begin food production

Front 57

Domestication:

Back 57

Increases productivity and increases INstability

Front 58

For the most part Neolithic crops were selected for:

Back 58

Higher productivity and storability rather than nutritional value

Front 59

When humans made the transition for hunter-gather to living in Neolithic communities:

Back 59

Morality rates increased and health declined

Front 60

Humans made the transition form hunting and gathering for a food producing lifestyle because:

Back 60

All of the above

Front 61

Domestication is an:

Back 61

Evolutionary process whereby human modify the genetic makeup for plants and animals

Front 62

For humans the Neolithic transition:

Back 62

Facilitated a reorganized workload that permitted craft specialization

Front 63

The four changes that occurred when Neolithic villages transitioned to the first city centers were:

Back 63

Agricultural innovation, diversification of labor, emergence of centralized government, social stratification

Front 64

Which theory of state development argues that forceful leaders play a central role in the development of complex societies?:

Back 64

Action theory

Front 65

Bronze is made from:

Back 65

Copper and tin

Front 66

The Bronze age was marked by:

Back 66

Increasingly specialized tool production

Front 67

The advent of bronze metallurgy created advances in:

Back 67

Warfare and farming

Front 68

King Hammurabi's reign was especially accomplished in the areas of:

Back 68

Organization of government and legal system

Front 69

Anthropologists are able to reconstruct the social stratification of societies by examining:

Back 69

Burial customs and grave goods

Front 70

What is the evidence of a centralized government or centralized authority?:

Back 70

Law codes, temple records, royal chronicles

Front 71

All of the following were significant challenges to early state societies EXCEPT:

Back 71

Recording of tax collections

Front 72

Irrigation techniques, such as dikes, canals, and reservoirs, were direct result of:

Back 72

Centralized government

Front 73

Which of the following is an enzyme found in the small intestine that enables the digestion of milk sugar?:

Back 73

Lactase

Front 74

What is the thrifty genotype?:

Back 74

A genotype that permits the efficient storage of fat for times of food scarcity

Front 75

Melanin has the primary function of:

Back 75

Protecting the skin against solar radiation

Front 76

Radiocarbon dating is an example of:

Back 76

Absolute dating method

Front 77

Which of the following is a true statement about human diversity?:

Back 77

All of the above

Front 78

The significance of calcium carbonate is that it serves to:

Back 78

Fossilize bones

Front 79

What is a midden?:

Back 79

Garbage mound

Front 80

In archeology, the study of earth layers is referred to as:

Back 80

Stratigraphy

Front 81

An archaeological technique employed to recover tiny objects by immersion of soil samples in water is called:

Back 81

Flotation

Front 82

A paleoanthropologist must be particularly skilled in techniques associated with what discipline?:

Back 82

Geology

Front 83

The period of time before the presence of written records is referred to as:

Back 83

Prehistory

Front 84

The environmental and social circumstances theory for the emergence of states explains that:

Back 84

States develop where populations are limited by barriers such as mountains, deserts, or seas

Front 85

Archaeological sites are destroyed through excavation:

Back 85

True

Front 86

Prior to the cultural practice of the burial of the dead, entirely preserved fossil skeletons are very rare:

Back 86

True

Front 87

The concept of biological race is applicable to human variation:

Back 87

False

Front 88

Race is a social myth that argues humans formed different subspecies or groups based on phenotypical expressions:

Back 88

True

Front 89

Domestication of plants and animals by humans encourages a sedentary lifestyle with the potential for overpopulation relative to the resource base:

Back 89

True

Front 90

Culture is:

Back 90

Socially constructed and learned

Front 91

What was the primary argument of John Locke's tabula rasa theory?:

Back 91

That we are "blank slates" at birth regarding the potential for personality development

Front 92

Researchers have found that in large-scale industrialized countries, children's self-awareness develops:

Back 92

Less rapidly

Front 93

In the United States, a 15-week old infant spends approximately what percentage of its time with its mother?

Back 93

About 20%

Front 94

Ranges of acceptable behavior for the individual within society are part of:

Back 94

Normative Orientation

Front 95

Psychological anthropologists have distinguished between two general patterns of child rearing:

Back 95

DepenDENCE and indepenDENCE training

Front 96

What percent of individuals worldwide are intersexed in some way?:

Back 96

About 1%

Front 97

The distinctive ways any individual thinks, feels and behaves is considered her or his:

Back 97

Personality

Front 98

The term used for individuals who are born with reproductive organs, genitalia, and/or sex chromosomes that are not exclusively male or female is:

Back 98

Intersexual

Front 99

In the barrel model of culture, what are the three areas most interrelated?:

Back 99

Infrastructure, superstructure, and social structure

Front 100

Which of the following is most directly associated with height?:

Back 100

Nutrition

Front 101

A group that shares ancestry, origin, language, customs, and traditional beliefs is also called:

Back 101

An ethnic group

Front 102

The expression of the set of cultural ideas held by an ethnic group is called:

Back 102

Ethnicity

Front 103

A society in which two or more ethnic groups are politically organized into one territorial state is a/an:

Back 103

Pluralistic society

Front 104

All cultures are:

Back 104

Dynamic

Front 105

Which of the following best serves the anthropologist in his/her study of another culture?:

Back 105

Culture relativism

Front 106

Which of the following forces has caused the greatest acceleration in culture change today?:

Back 106

Globalization

Front 107

Gender is defined as:

Back 107

Culturally constructed meanings assigned to biological differences

Front 108

In what kind of society would you most expect to find exploitative child labor?:

Back 108

Capitalist society

Front 109

Stealing something from someone is an example of:

Back 109

Negative reciprocity

Front 110

Most generalized reciprocity occurs among:

Back 110

Close Kin

Front 111

Which characteristic best describes generalized reciprocity?:

Back 111

The value of the gift is not calculated, nor is time of repayment specified

Front 112

Which of the following is NOT considered an attribute of food foraging?:

Back 112

Planting

Front 113

Today, approximately what percentage of the world's population subsist through foraging as a primary mode of subsistence?:

Back 113

.005%

Front 114

Which of the following produces a surplus in order to sell on the market?

Back 114

Agriculturist

Front 115

An economic system is:

Back 115

An organizational arrangement for producing, distributing, and consuming goods

Front 116

Taxes are a form of:

Back 116

Redistribution

Front 117

The number of people that the available resources can support at a given level of technology is called the:

Back 117

Carrying Capacity

Front 118

All of the following are arguments commonly used against same-sex marriage EXCEPT:

Back 118

It destroys the social and economic basis of society

Front 119

The united states custom of bride's family paying for the wedding expenses is:

Back 119

Dowry

Front 120

According to a cross-cultural survey of family types in 192 cultures around the world, the most common family type is:

Back 120

Extended

Front 121

The nuclear family is especially well adapted to modern industrialized societies that requires:

Back 121

A high degree of geographical mobility

Front 122

The most common family type is traditional farming and herding cultures is the:

Back 122

Extended family

Front 123

According to strict Judeo-Christian law, as prescribed in the book of Leviticus, adultery was punished by:

Back 123

Death

Front 124

Which of the following statements is true regarding first-cousin marriage?:

Back 124

It does not cause a significant increase in genetic deficiency

Front 125

Social rules and cultural meanings of human sexual behavior are governed by:

Back 125

Culture

Front 126

Among Christian colonists in 17th and 18th century New England, adultery by women often led to:

Back 126

Social Ostracism

Front 127

In which famous novel was adultery among Christian colonists in New England explored?:

Back 127

The scarlet letter

Front 128

The sounds and gestures of language are not natural, rather they have had meaning added to them and are thus classified as:

Back 128

Symbols

Front 129

Approximately ______ languages exist today, whereas at the beginning of the Age of Exploration there was estimated to be approximately ______:

Back 129

6,000; 10,000

Front 130

If you were assigned to decipher an unwritten language and had to analyze its particular system of grammar, which are of linguistics would be the most useful to you?:

Back 130

Descriptive linguistics

Front 131

The smallest unit of sound THAT CARRIES A MEANING in a language is called a:

Back 131

Morpheme

Front 132

English is part of what subgroup of languages?:

Back 132

Germanic

Front 133

In the past, one of the most powerful forces for linguistic change has been:

Back 133

Colonialism

Front 134

The revival of Ancient Hebrew as one of the official languages of Israel can be classified as an example of:

Back 134

Linguistic nationalism

Front 135

The study of the relationship between language and society, focusing on categories of stratification such as class, is called:

Back 135

Sociolinguistics

Front 136

What is the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?:

Back 136

Language affects individuals' perceptions of the world

Front 137

Which of the following was a FULLY DEVELOPED early writing system?:

Back 137

Egyptian Hieroglyphics

Front 138

The rules or principles of phrase and sentence-making in a language are called the:

Back 138

Syntax

Front 139

The smallest unit of sound that can make a difference in meaning (but no meaning itself) is called a:

Back 139

Phoneme

Front 140

Which of the following is not a Latin-derived language?:

Back 140

Russian

Front 141

In the word "heated," how would you best classify "ed"?:

Back 141

Bound Morpheme