Ipm Quiz 1

Front 1

Pest Control Advisor (P.C.A.)

Back 1

In California, a person licensed to recommend the agricultural use of a pest control product or technique.

Front 2

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

Back 2

Agency that regulates pesticide registration, sale, and use at the federal level through laws in the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) and the regulations in the Code of Federal Regulations.

Front 3

calibrate

Back 3

to standardize or correct the measuring devices in instruments; to adjust the nozzles on a spray rig properly

Front 4

Department of Pesticide Regulation (DPR)

Back 4

State Lead Agency for developing and implementing a statewide pesticide regulatory program.

Regulates pesticide sales and use to protect public health and the environment from known adverse effects possible with the legal use of pesticides.

Front 5

County Agricultural Commissioner (CAC)

Back 5

Certifies private pesticide applicators and conducts local enforcement of pesticide use laws and regs in agricultural, residential, non-agricultural and structural pest control settings.

Front 6

Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)

Back 6

the federal law that governs all aspects of agricultural pesticide use in the U.S.

Front 7

UC IPM Online

Back 7

UC Davis statewide IPM program; DPR contracts with UC IPM to develop pesticide applicator certification and training study guides and programs, exam questions, pest control guidelines, and other pest control info.

Front 8

eradication

Back 8

total elimination of a pest from a designated area.

Front 9

quarantine

Back 9

a period of enforced isolation that is required to prevent entry of undesirable organisms

Front 10

pesticide

Back 10

any substance or mixture intended for preventing, destroying, killing, or mitigating problems caused by any insects, rodents, weeds, nematodes, fungi or other pests, as well as any other substance or mixture intended for use as a plant growth regulator, defoliant, or desiccant

Front 11

insecticide

Back 11

a pesticide used to control insects

Front 12

herbicide

Back 12

a pesticide used to control weeds

Front 13

fungicide

Back 13

a pesticide used to control fungi

Front 14

rodenticide

Back 14

a pesticide used to control rodents

Front 15

pest

Back 15

an organism that interferes with the availability, quality, or value of a managed resource

Front 16

natural selection

Back 16

the process whereby individuals carrying certain alternative inherited traits survive and reproduce more successfully under stressful conditions, thus increasing the predominance of their genetic traits in the overall population in succeeding generations.

Front 17

phenotype

Back 17

physical attributes of an individual organism, based on the interaction between the organism's genotype and environmental conditions.

Front 18

genotype

Back 18

genetic constitution of an organism as determined by the determined by the set of genes it carries

Front 19

alternate host

Back 19

plant that supports the survival of a pest when its main host, usually a crop plant, is not available

Front 20

cohort

Back 20

a group of individuals of the same species that are the same age

Front 21

density-independent factors

Back 21

factors that affect population growth similarly regardless of population density; include disturbances such as floods, drought, fire, other unpredictable environmental conditions, and most pest control actions

Front 22

density-dependent factors

Back 22

factors that have a different effect on population growth when populations are high than when they are low

Front 23

epidemic

Back 23

a rapidly spreading outbreak of a disease

epi "among" + dēmos "people"

Front 24

ecology

Back 24

the study of interrelationships between organisms and their surrounding environment

Front 25

ecotype

Back 25

a locally adapted species population

Front 26

ecotone

Back 26

a transitional zone between communities

Front 27

ecosystem

Back 27

a community of organisms in an area and their non-living environment

Front 28

agroecosystem

Back 28

an ecosystem managed for agricultural purposes; predominantly monoculture

Front 29

organic matter

Back 29

any material derived from living organisms; in the soil, includes decaying plant, microbial, and animal matter

Front 30

degree-day

Back 30

the amount of heat that accumulates over a 24 hour period when the average temperature is 1 degree above the lower developmental threshold of an organism

Front 31

trophic structure

Back 31

the series of links in a food web that describes the transfer of energy from one nutritional level to the next

Greek trophikos, from trophe "nourishment"

Front 32

saprophyte

Back 32

an organism that derives its nourishment from decaying organic matter

Greek sapros "putrid" + phyton "plant"

Front 33

monoculture

Back 33

a planting system where one crop species is grown per field; predominant system utilized for crops in the U.S.

Front 34

intercropping

Back 34

growing more than one crop in a field at the same time

Front 35

limiting factors

Back 35

factors required for an organism's growth and survival. Short supply or overabundance of any one of these factors will hinder growth and development, and reproduction, resulting in reduced growth or reproduction, stress, or death

Front 36

equilibrium position

Back 36

the mean level around which a species' characteristic population fluctuates

Front 37

r strategists

Back 37

species that have high rates of reproduction and growth and are able to colonize new areas rapidly

Front 38

k strategists

Back 38

species that demonstrate good competitive abilities when competition for resources is high

Front 39

biodiversity

Back 39

the number of different species of plants, animals and microorganisms within an ecosystem

Front 40

abiotic

Back 40

nonliving factors such as wind, water, temperature and minerals

Front 41

pest management

Back 41

any activity directed at controlling unwanted organisms or avoiding their damage; can involve methods that prevent, suppress, or eradicate pest organisms

Front 42

integrated pest management

Back 42

a sustainable approach to long-term pest management by combining biological, cultural, physical and chemical tools in a way that minimizes economic, health, and environmental risks.

Front 43

pest

Back 43

any organism...

that interferes with the availability, quality, or value of a managed resource

that interferes with the activities and desires of humans

Front 44

key pest

Back 44

a pest that, unless controlled, causes major damage to a crop on a regular basis

Front 45

occasional pest

Back 45

pest that becomes intolerable only irregularly, often due to climate, environmental influences, or as a result of human activities

Front 46

secondary pest

Back 46

pest that results from actions taken to control a key pest

Front 47

synthetic organic pesticides

Back 47

manufactured pesticides produced from petroleum and containing largely carbon and hydrogen atoms in their basic structure

Front 48

pesticide resistance

Back 48

the genetically acquired ability of an organism to survive a pesticide application at doses that once killed most individuals of the species

Front 49

cross resistance

Back 49

resistance to multiple pesticides with the same mode of action after being introduced to only one

Front 50

tolerable injury level/economic injury level

Back 50

the pest density (or damage level) at which the cost of pest control is less than the cost of the damage the pest infestation causes economic damage to the crop

Front 51

aesthetic injury level

Back 51

the level of pest damage or pest populations the general public will tolerate on an ornamental plant

Front 52

treatment/economic/action threshold

Back 52

the level of pest population at which a pesticide or other control method is needed to prevent eventual economic injury to the crop

Front 53

host plant resistance/tolerance

Back 53

the ability of a plant cultivar to ward off or resist attack by pests that damage other cultivars of the same species

Front 54

fallowing

Back 54

leaving a field empty for a season or part of a season

Front 55

biological control

Back 55

any activity of one species that reduces the adverse effects of another species

Front 56

cultural control

Back 56

the modification of normal crop or landscape management practices decrease pest establishment, reproduction, dispersal, survival or damage

Front 57

mechanical and physical control

Back 57

control methods specifically taken to kill the pest directly or to indirectly make the environment unsuitable for pest entry, dispersal, survival or reproduction.

Examples are: soil solarization, screens, cultivation via burying plant litter that may harbor overwintering insects or pathogen inoculum, mechanical vertebrate traps, sticky traps for insects

Front 58

chemical control

Back 58

the use of pesticides to control a pest

Front 59

mode of action

Back 59

the mechanism by which a pesticide kills or controls a target organism

Front 60

persistence

Back 60

amount of time it takes for a pesticide to degrade, measured in terms of half-life

Front 61

field monitoring

Back 61

regularly going into the field, orchard, or landscape to systematically check for pests or damage symptoms