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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Harry Stack Sullivan |
- the first American to construct a comprehensive Personality theory |
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Interpersonal Psychology |
- Without other people humans will have no personality |
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Tensions |
- The potentiality for action - Two types of tension A. Needs B. Anxiety |
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A. Needs |
- A tension brought up by biological imbalance between a person and the physiochemical environment, from both inside and outside of the organism - Is Episodic - Tenderness as the most basic interpersonal need 2 Types of needs 1.) General needs 2.) Zonal Needs |
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1.) General needs |
- needs that are concerned with the overall well being of a person - food, water, oxygen and tenderness |
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2.) Zonal Needs |
- Needs that arises from a particular area of the body |
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B. Anxiety |
- more diffuse and vague and calls forth no consistent actions for itself - originated from parent to child Emphatic relationship - in adult it is a chief force that blocks the person from interpersonal relations It Produces: - prevents people from learning from their mistakes - keep people from pursuing a childish wish for security - ensures people to not learn from their experiences |
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Euphoria |
The complete lack of tension |
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Energy Transformation |
- transform tensions in either covert or overt behavior and aimed at satisfying needs and anxiety |
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Malevolence (Disjunctive) |
- The feeling of living along in one's enemy - antagonistic like character - stems from 2-3 years |
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Intimacy (Conjunctive) |
- an integrating dynamism that tends to draw out loving reactions from other persons - thereby reduces stress, anxiety and too painful experiences - developed during preadolescence years |
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Lust (isolation) |
- no other person for it's satisfaction - an autoerotic behavior - originated from adolescence
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Self System (Conjunctive) |
- A consistent pattern of behavior that maintains a person's interpersonal security by protecting it against anxiety - it develops earlier than intimacy, for about 12-18 months |
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Dynamism |
- refers to a trait or a habit pattern Disjunctive - Disruptive in interpersonal relations Conjunctive - Beneficial and harmonious in interpersonal relations Isolation - Do it all by yourself |
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Safety Operations |
To defend themselves against interpersonal tensions to reduce feelings of insecurities or anxiety from endangered self-esteem 2 Types A. Dissociation B. Selective inattention |
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A. Dissociation |
- repression in Freudian - Blocking of experience in the awareness |
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B. Selective inattention |
- a refusal to those things we do not wish to see |
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Personification |
- Certain images we have ourselves and others
Types A. Mother Personifications B. Me Personifications C. Eidetic Personifications
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A. The mother Personifications |
- Similar to Horney's persecutory (bad) and ideal (good) breasts Types Good-mother - the tender and cooperative behavior of the mothering one (good breasts). Bad-mother - the nipple that does not satisfy the hunger needs (bad breast) |
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B. The Me Personifications |
Types Bad-me - from the experiences of punishment and disapproval the the infant received from the mothering one. A negative and unpleasant Good-me - results from infants experiences with rewards and approval. A positive and pleasant Not-me - Stems from infants experiences with severe anxiety |
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C. Eidetic Personifications |
- The unrealistic traits or imaginary friends that many children invent to protect their self esteem *Not limited on children most adults see fictitious traits in other people |
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The 3 Level of cognitions |
1.) Prototaxic 2.) Parataxic 3.) Syntaxic |
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1.) The prototaxic |
- The earliest and most primitive experiences of an individual takes place on this level - Undifferentiated experience that are completely personal * In adults prototaxic takes form of momentary sensations, images, feelings, mood and sensation |
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2.) Parataxic |
- Prelogical and usually result when a person assume cause and effect relationship between 2 events that occur coincidentally - Is communicated in distorted fashion |
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3.) Syntaxic |
- experiences that are consensually validated and that can be symbolically communicated at this stage - Accurately communicated to others |
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Stages of development |
1. Infancy (birth -2years) - receive tenderness from the mother, apathy and somnolent detachment protects us from extreme attachment, Autistic language (the infants own language) 2. Childhood (2 - 6) - close interpersonal relationship with the mother, imaginary playmates 3. Juvenile Era (6-8 1/2) - need for playmates, 3 C (compromise, compete and cooperate) 4. Preadolescence (8 1/2 - 13) - intimacy with a single best friend, interest with another people, becoming a social being "the quiet miracle" 5. Early adolescence (13-15) - coexistence of a single best friend and many sexual interest of the opposite sex 6. Late Adolescence (15-18) - Intimacy and lust towards the same person 7. Adulthood (18 onwards) - stable and mature relationship |
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Psychological Disorders |
- All have interpersonal origin and can only be understood with reference to the client's social environment |
