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9 Cards in this Set
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Spearman's general factor g |
Spearman used factor analysis to uncover that there are correlating abilities that determine the outcome of our test scores for different types of intelligence tests ie the speed at processing information and the ability to memories content will influence one's score on linguistics and mathematical intelligence. Spearman grouped these abilities together and named it the general factor, which determine our intellectual capacity (IQ score depend mostly on g) . There are correlations between the different types of intelligence, if you score highly on spacial intelligence, you will also be good with numbers. Spearman believe that there's a single underlying factor which accounts for the intercorrelation of people's ability on various tests (how smart you are depends on how much of this general intellectual capacity you have) spearman also recognised other specific factors that are distinct from g which we need to consider when measuring specific intelligence |
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Thurstone's "primary mental abilities" |
Thurlstone took spearman's general factor theory and concluded 7 seperate primary mental abilities that are components of intelligence and not outgrowth of other abilities using factor analysis as some form of intelligence are completely indenpendant of one another. These factors include verbal comprehension, word fluency, number facility, spatial visualisation, associative memory, perceptual speed, reasoning. Thurlstone refined spearman's theory, extending the measurable intelligence factors intend of attributing all of intelligence into 1 measurable factor |
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Catell and horn |
Refined g and believe it can be divided into 2 distinct types of intelligence, crystallised and fluid intelligence |
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Crystallised intelligence |
The ability to use prior knowledge, experience, informations an skill to solve complex problems and deal with similar situations in the future ie ability to use language to communicate |
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Fluid intelligence |
Ability to solve novel problems and deal with novel situation, it is not dependant of prior knowledge and experience, this can be measured with tests that do not rely on language thus less culturally bound and fairer. Ie the ability to use reasoning that does not depend primary on learning |
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Difference between crystallised and fluid intelligence |
Fluid intelligence peaks at early adulthood whereas crystallised intelligence continue to rise with age and does not deteriorate at the same rate as as fluid intelligence, as there are a stronger knowledge base to draw on as you get older. Substance use has a greater influse on fluid intelligence than crystallised intelligence as substance affects our reaction rate in situations rather than the prior knowledge we've obtained such as how to drive a car The two types of intelligence rely on different areas of our brain and are not equally heritable |
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Three carroll's three stratum model |
Top strata is general intelligence then it splits into 8 broad cognitive abilities including crystallised and fluid intelligence, these factors are then broken down further into 69 narrow abilities. Explaining performance in any given task requires citing factors from all three tiers eg discussing the ability to produce ideas require one to understand the roles of g, the broad factor og genral retrieval ability and the narrow factor of ideational fluency. |
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9 forms of intelligence |
Howard Gardner proposed 9 forms of intelligence Linguistic - ability to use language well Spatial - able to reason with spatial problems Musical Logical-mathematical Bodily-kinesthetic - good understanding of muscle movement and the ability to manipulate our bodies well Intrapersonal - ability to understand ourselves Interpersonal--ability to understand others Naturalist intelligence - understanding the world around use and thus live well the world we live in Existential - ability to answer the big questions such as why we're here Can be difficult to test the 9 intelligence, these intelligence develop at different times throughout our lives and uses different areas of our brain |
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3 forms of intelligence |
Robert sternberg propose three types of intelligence Analytic intelligence _our ability to write, read, understand and apply liturature, knowledge we learn at school Practical intelligence - ability to do hands on activities such as fixing cars or lawnmowing, it depends on our prior knowledge, its the measure of skill guided action Creative intelligence - ability to solve novle problems |
