Integumentary System 2

Front 1

Functions of the skin

Back 1

Protection; Vitamin D production; sensory organ; temperature regulation; excretion of waste

Front 2

Layers of the skin

Back 2

Epidermis, Dermis, Subcutaneous

Front 3

Epidermis (description)

Back 3

Outer layer of skin; avascular-no blood vessels; cells move outward through layers and eventually slough off; keratin; melanin

Front 4

Keratin

Back 4

Produced by the keratinocytes; waterproof the skin

Front 5

Melanin

Back 5

Produced by the melanocytes; cause pigmentation within the skin, hair, and eyes

Front 6

Dermis (description)

Back 6

Layer of skin under the epidermis; thicker than epidermis; made up of connective tissue fibers; contains blood vessels, glands, hair follicles, and nerve endings of the skin; dermal papillae

Front 7

Dermal Papillae

Back 7

Ridges that allow us to feel textures, hold, and manipulate things (what makes finger prints)

Front 8

Subcutaneous

Back 8

Not part of the true skin; connective tissue that connects the skin to the muscle and organs underneath; composed of fat that helps insulate the body from heat and cold, provides protective padding, and serves as an energy storage area; contains nerve endings responsible for deep pressure and blood vessels; where many liquid injections are given (use a hypodermic needle); also called hypodermis or superficial fascia

Front 9

Glands of the skin

Back 9

Sudoriferous glands (sweat glands); Sebaceous Glands (oil glands)

Front 10

Sudoriferous Glandsecc

Back 10

Most numerous gland in the skin; two types - eccrine and apocrine; primary function- regulates body temperature by evaporation of water; eliminates waste as sweat, a mixture of water, ammonia, sugar, salts, urea, lactic acid, amino acids, uric acids, ascorbic acids

Front 11

Eccrine

Back 11

Widespread

Front 12

Apocrine

Back 12

Armpit; groin

Front 13

Sebaceous Glands

Back 13

Oil glands usually associated with hair follicles; secrete an oily substance called sebum a mixture of fats, cholesterol, protein and inorganic salts; keeps hair from drying out and becoming brittle; keeps skin soft and pliable; inhibits growth of certain bacteria

Front 14

Hairpar

Back 14

Grows from the epidermis; composed of dead (keratinized) skin cells; primary functions - guests the scalp from injury and sunlight, eyebrows and eyelashes protect the eye, ears and nose hair keeps our foreign objects; helps regulate body temperature; touch receptors associated with hair follicles

Front 15

Parts of hair

Back 15

Hair shaft - visible part; hair root - part below the skin; hair bulb - enlarged/deepest section from which the hair grows

Front 16

Nails

Back 16

Plates of tightly packed dead cells (keratin) of the epidermis; helps to grasp and manipulate small objects

Front 17

Parts of the nail

Back 17

Free edge - hangs off; nail body - main part; lunula - circle at the bottom of nail; cuticle (eponychium) - below the lunula; nail root - hold’s nail to finger

Front 18

Acne

Back 18

Inflammation of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles; puss pockets and red blotches; treat with topical creams that dry the skin out and oral antibiotics that decrease the inflammation of the sebaceous glands

Front 19

Athlete’s Foot

Back 19

Tinea fungus; itching, burning, and cracked, scaly skin between the toes and on the feet; grows best in damp, dark, warm places; over-the-counter antifungal cream‘s, prescription medicines for more serious infection

Front 20

Ringworm

Back 20

Tinea fungus; Red skin rash that forms a ring on normal looking skin; not caused by a worm; over-the-counter antifungal creams

Front 21

Jock Itch

Back 21

Tinea fungus; itchy burning rash in the groin area; over-the-counter antifungal creams

Front 22

Vitiligo

Back 22

Genetic, autoimmune, or endocrine issues;milky-white patches on the skin, usually on hands, face, genitalia, and body folds; drugs or hormones to darken the skin areas, in extreme cases skin transplants can be done

Front 23

Alopecia (baldness)

Back 23

Genetics, endocrine issues; absence or loss of hair (abnormal); decreasing stress, oral or topical medications, and transplants

Front 24

Decubitus Ulcers (bedsores)

Back 24

Long term constant press to one area; open sore (ulcer) usually over a bony prominence; antibiotics, change of position, debridement of damaged tissue while healing occurs

Front 25

Eczema

Back 25

Information usually from allergic reaction or irritation; redness of the skin, rash, swelling of capillaries; depends on the cause, can include oral or topical medications

Front 26

Hirsutism

Back 26

Abnormally high hormone levels or by hair follicles that are more sensitive to normal androgen levels; excessive dark, thick hair grows where it normally doesn’t grow, especially in women; hormone treatments

Front 27

Urticaria (hives)

Back 27

Reaction to allergens or even psychological stress; outbreak of swollen, pale red bumps or plaques on the skin that appear suddenly, can be itchy; removal of the irritant and oral or topical medications

Front 28

Burns

Back 28

Caused by exposure to heat source, electrical current, or chemicals; damage to layers of the skin and underlying tissue; 1 degree - partial thickness (red, dry, and hot) 2 degree - partial thickness (red, hot, wet, with blisters) 3 degree - full thickness (into subcutaneous or deeper, initially no feeling) Treatment: 1 degree - cool under cool running water; 2 degree - cool as above, do not pop blisters; 3 degree - cover lightly to prevent infection, get to the hospital

Front 29

Skin Cancer

Back 29

Cancerous uncontrollable growth of cells; often caused by prolonged exposure to the sun - 90% of skin cancer is caused by the sun; three common types - basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma

Front 30

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Back 30

The most common form of skin cancer – 1 million new cases estimated in the US each year; begins in the basal cell layer of skin; occurs most frequently on the sun exposed areas like the face, neck, ears, scalp, shoulders, and back; rarely spreads, can be removed easily in most cases

Front 31

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Back 31

Begins in squamous cells; in dark skinned people it is found in areas not in the sun; inin light skinned people it is found in areas in the sun; can spread to other body parts and is harder to remove

Front 32

Malignant Melanoma

Back 32

Least common but most serious type of skin cancer; develops in the cell that produce melanin, melanoma can also form in your eyes and rarely in internal organs, such as your intestines; melanomas grow from the inside out, so they can go unnoticed for a long time

Front 33

ABCDE Method to Assess Skin Cancer

Back 33

A - assymetry B - border C - color D - diameter E - elevation/evolution

Front 34

Dermatologist

Back 34

Science that is concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the skin, hair, and nails; 12 years of education; around $200,000 a year

Front 35

Medical Photographer

Back 35

Produce accurate and objective images that record injuries and diseases, as well as the progress of operations and medical procedures, their images may also be used for education material such as textbooks, pamphlets, presentations, etc.; 4 years of education; $22-$25 an hour

Front 36

Physician Assistant (PA)

Back 36

Medical providers who are licensed to diagnose and treat illnesses and diseases and to prescribe medication for patients; 7 to 10 years of education; $98,000+ per year

Front 37

Plastic Surgeon

Back 37

Surgical specialty involving the restoration, reconstruction, or alteration of the human body; two categories - reconstructive and cosmetic; 13+ years of schooling; $405,000+ per year

Front 38

Reconstructive Surgery

Back 38

Reconstructs body parts or improve functions

Front 39

Cosmetic Surgery

Back 39

Improve appearances