Infection, Infectious Diseases And Epidemiology

Front 1

three types of symbiotic relationships

Back 1

mutalism, commensalism, and parasitism.

Front 2

normal microbiota

Back 2

organisms that colonize the body's surfaces without normally causing disease

Front 3

resident and transient

Back 3

transient remain in the body for only hours to months

Front 4

Opportunistic Pathogens

Back 4

cause disease under CERTAIN circumstances. (immune suppression, changes in normal microbiota, introduction of normal microbiota into unusual site)

Front 5

Chain of infection

Back 5

causative agent, susceptible host, portal of entry (cuts, bites, ears, nose, mouth, vagina, anus), mode of transmission, portal of exit, reservoir

Front 6

Contamination

Back 6

mere presence of microbes in/on the body

Front 7

Infection

Back 7

results when pathogen has evaded external defenses, multiplied, and become established in host organism.

Front 8

mucous membranes

Back 8

line open areas of body, hospitable to pathogens. Respiratory is most common tract

Front 9

Placental route

Back 9

effective barrier, if infected may cause birth defects, abortion or premature birth

Front 10

Parental Route

Back 10

pathogens directly on tissues beneath the skin (punctures, cutes, bites, surgery, abrasions)

Front 11

Disease transmission

Back 11

contact, vehicle, vetor

Front 12

Portals of exit

Back 12

ear cut, eyes, nose, mouth, mammary, urethra, seminal

Front 13

Reservoirs

Back 13

sites where pathogens are maintained as sources of infections

Front 14

Zoonoses

Back 14

Animal resovior that spread diseases from host to humans. Acquired through direct contact or eating animal.

Front 15

Etiology

Back 15

study of the cause of particular diseases

Front 16

Disease

Back 16

results if invading pathogen alters the normal functions of body (morbidity)

Front 17

Symptoms

Back 17

Subjective characteristics of a disease felt only by the patient

Front 18

Signs

Back 18

objective manifestations of disease that can be observed or measured by others

Front 19

Syndrome

Back 19

group of symptoms and signs that characterize a disease or abnormal condition

Front 20

Disease stages

Back 20

incubation (no signs or symptoms) prodromal period (vague symptoms)
illness (sever symptoms & signs)
decline (declining signs & symptoms) convalescence (no signs or symptoms)

Front 21

Pathogenicity

Back 21

ability of a microorganism to cause disease

Front 22

Virulence

Back 22

degree of pathogenicity as determined by presence of 4 factors: adhesion factors, extracellular enzymes, toxins, antiphagocytic factors

Front 23

Adhesion

Back 23

attachment of microbes to host occurs through special structures'

Front 24

Extracellular enzymes

Back 24

secreted by pathogen, dissolve structure chemicals, help maintian infection invade further and avoid defense

Front 25

Toxins

Back 25

chemicals harm tissues or trigger host immune responses. toxemia is toxins in the bloodstream carried beyond site of infection

Front 26

Antiphagocytic Factors

Back 26

prevent phagocytosis by the hosts phagocytic cells. Bacterial capsule and antiphagocytic chemicals