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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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primary control
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direct efforts at changing the environment to suit the self
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secondary control
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- changing the self to fit into the environment
- i.e. self regulation |
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over-riding
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starting, stopiing or changing a process or even substituting one outcome or response for another
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most basic form of over-riding
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self-stopping
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under-regulation
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failure to exert control over oneself
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misregulation
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exerting control in a way that fails to bring about the desired result
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Self-Regulation Failure
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- Lack of or conflicting standards
- Reduction of monitoring - Inadequate strength - Psychological Inertia |
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Misregulation
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- Deficiency in (self-)knowledge
- misguided focusing - Lapse-activated causal patterns - Acquiescence |
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Standards
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abstract concepts of how things should be, such as social norms, personal goals, expectations of others
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- Benzodiazepine (Librium)
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- Alcohol withdrawal treatment
- decreases withdrawal symptoms |
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Nicotine withdrawal treatments
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- nicotine gum
- nicotine patch |
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disulfuran (antabuse)
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- blocks acetaldehyde dehydrogenase so alcohol cannot be broken down
- taking it after drinking will make you throw up |
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- naltrexone (Trexane)
- Acamprosate |
- anti-craving for alcohol
- naltrexone decreases positive reinforcement - acamprosate decreases negative reinforcement |
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anti-craving drug for sexual behavior
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- anti-depressant medications
- SSRI's |
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antagonists
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- block effects of drugs
- problem: competitive interaction |
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agonists
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- indirect "pharmacokinetic" blocade of reinforcement
- less toxic - problem: overdose! or can stay dependent |
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impulsivity
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- increased sense of tension or arousal before committing an act
- increased pleaure or gratification with the act |
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compulsivity
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- increased repetitive behaviors with goal of reducing or preventing stress or anxiety
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SSRIs
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- serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors
- subgroup of anti-depressants - restore depleted serotonin |
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What neurotransmitters are activated during opiate use?
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dopamine and opioid peptides (endorphins)
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When dopamine and opioid peptides decrease, what increases?
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CRF
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Naltrexone (ReVia)
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- for rehabilitation/aftercare
- prevents relapse of alcoholism - approved to abate cravings - pill that blocks endogenous opioid peptides (endorphins) - tends to decrease binges - work on binge slips |
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Acamprosate
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- glutamate partial agonist
- decreases hyperexcitability of alcohol withdrawal |
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Zyban/Wellbutrin
(buproprion) |
Zyban - anti-smoking
Wellbutrin - atypical antidepressant - doubles abstinence |
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Disulfuran (antabuse)
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- will produce flush reaction to stop person from drinking
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a disruption of function in this brain area can be associated with too much information getting through to consciousness
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basal ganglia
(caudate nucleus, corpus striatum, striatum) |
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obsessions
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thoughts accompanied by images which are unwanted and intrusive and not related to any real event
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compulsions
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actions aimed at reducing the anxiety caused by obsessions
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OCD is associated with what part of the brain?
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- over-active basal ganglia
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Where do OCD patients and normal people store information?
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OCD: in medial temporal lobe
normal: in caudate nucleus |
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What brain area is associated with Tourettes?
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reduced basal ganglia volume
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treatments for OCD
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- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Antidepressants - Neurosurgery - Fluoxetine (Prozac): SSRI |
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treatments for Tourette's
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- drugs affecting the dopamine, adrenergic and serotonin systems
- nicotine patches |
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Huntington's disease
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- autosomal dominant genetic disorder
- caused by cell death in the basal ganglia leading to a loss of the information "gate" |
