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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Lindsay's nails (or half-and-half nails) were described in 1967 as red, pink, or brown bands occupying 20 to 60% of the nail bed in patients with chronic kidney disease. |
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The imaging shows posterior dislocation of the lens in both eyes. The most common cause of bilateral ectopia lentis is Marfan’s syndrome, the diagnosis in this case. |
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tongue atrophy With his difficulty swallowing, the patient's tongue atrophy represents a bulbar symptom, and is most consistent with a diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The patient also had clinical and neurophysiological evidence of upper-motor-neuron and lower-motor-neuron involvement, which supported the diagnosis. ALS is associated with dysarthria, hypophonia, dysphagia, and sialorrhea in addition to relentlessly progressive disability |
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cerebral calcification This patient was diagnosed with celiac disease. Folate malabsorption is a suggested mechanism of cerebral calcification in patients with celiac disease, because cerebral calcification can be seen with other conditions related to folate deficiency, such as treatment wtih methotrexate. The patient's condition improved following treatment with a gluten-free diet. The other diagnoses are not associated with cerebral calcification in this pattern |
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The cranial computed tomographic scan shows numerous neurocysticercosis cysts (measuring 3 to 5 mm in diameter) in the brain, containing living, dead, calcified, and mummified forms of the parasite. The patient recovered after treatment with praziquantel followed by albendazole |
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Magnetic resonance imaging and angiography revealed an aneurysm (3.5 cm by 4 cm) at the bifurcation of the basilar artery, with compression of the midbrain. The diagnosis was confirmed by cerebral angiography. The patient died suddenly 6 weeks after uneventful clipping of the aneurysm. |
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The patient developed vertigo and binocular visual loss during cardiac catheterization. Cerebral angiography revealed total occlusion of the distal basilar artery consistent with cardioembolic stroke. All neurological abnormalities resolved following selective intraarterial thrombolysis |
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The brain CT scan reveals cerebral air embolism, especially in the anterior arterial-circulation territory, with accompanying cerebral edema. Possible causes of this condition were positive-pressure maneuvers performed during cardiac resuscitation, lung biopsy, or placement of venous catheters in the presence of a patent foramen ovale. Diffuse cerebral edema developed, and brain death occurred over the next 5 day |
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These findings on coronary angiography are most consistent with severe generalized coronary arteritis. This 25-year-old woman had been given a diagnosis of polyarteritis nodosa 3 years earlier and was receiving prednisolone maintenance therapy when she presented with cardiac arrest. Although severe cardiac involvement in polyarteritis nodosa is unusual, it can result in myocardial infarction and confers a poorer prognosis. Despite treatment, the patient died a few months later |
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The radiograph of the right arm confirms the presence of calcinosis cutis. Scleroderma is among the many causes of calcinosis cutis, and was the diagnosis in this case. |
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The computed tomographic scan showed a destructive, well-demarcated, soft-tissue mass, with peripheral bony fragments, emerging from the right frontal calvarium. The mass was excised, and histologic examination revealed a plasmacytoma of bone with extensive amyloidosis |
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Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed an area of T2-weighted hyperintensity in the pons with sparing of the corticospinal fibers, which was consistent with the osmotic demyelination syndrome. The osmotic demyelination syndrome refers to myelinolysis, typically in the central pontine region, which occurs as a result of osmotic derangements. DKA can cause this syndrome as a result of osmotic shifts generated by rapid changes in serum glucose levels. |
