Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
187 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
When did WW1 begin?
|
1914
|
|
|
Who was the British PM at the Treaty of Versailles?
|
David Lloyd-George
|
|
|
Who was the US President at the Treaty of Versailles?
|
Woodrow Wilson
|
|
|
Who was the French PM at the Treaty of Versailles?
|
Georges Clemenceau
|
|
|
Which area of land did France demand back at Versailles?
|
Alsace-Lorraine
|
|
|
What was the Treaty called between Russia and Germany signed in 1917?
|
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
|
|
|
What word did Germans use to describe the Treaty of Versailles?
|
Diktat
|
|
|
How many points did Wilson suggest as the basis for ending the war?
|
14
|
|
|
What was the agreement to cease fighting in 1914 called?
|
Armistice
|
|
|
What name did Hitler give to the Germans who signed the Treaty of Versailles?
|
November Criminals
|
|
|
Who was the leader of Hungary while Stalin was alive?
|
Matyas Rakosi
|
|
|
When did Khruschev become leader of the USSR?
|
1953
|
|
|
Who did Khruschev replace Rakosi with initially?
|
Erno Gero
|
|
|
When was the statue of Stalin pulled down in Budapest?
|
23rd October 1956
|
|
|
What did Soviet troops do when Nagy became leader of Hungary?
|
Withdrew to the borders.
|
|
|
What policy of Nagy's upset Khruschev the most?
|
Withdrawing from the Warsaw Pact
|
|
|
What did many members of the Hungarian army do during the uprising?
|
Defect to the rebel side
|
|
|
What did Nagy propose to do domestically in Hungary?
|
Hold free elections
|
|
|
Who did Nagy expect to support his plans?
|
Eisenhower
|
|
|
When did Soviet troops move back into Budapest?
|
November 1956
|
|
|
How many Hungarians were killed in the conflict with Soviet forces?
|
30000
|
|
|
How many Hungarians fled across the border to Austria while fighting was going on?
|
200000
|
|
|
What happened to Nagy?
|
He was imprisoned and executed
|
|
|
How long did it take the Soviet troops to bring Hungary under control?
|
Two weeks
|
|
|
What international event took place in the same year and distracted the west?
|
Suez Crisis
|
|
|
Who did Khruschev install as Nagy's replacement?
|
Janos Kadar
|
|
|
How many anti-communist protesters were arrested in the aftermath of the Hungarian uprising?
|
35000
|
|
|
How many anti-communist protesters were executed inthe aftermath of the Hungarian uprising?
|
300
|
|
|
In what year was the total amount of the reparations bill decided?
|
Jan 1921
|
|
|
How much was the reparations bill in total
|
£6600 million
|
|
|
How long did the League of Nations take to investigate the Japanese invasion of Manchuria?
|
1 year
|
|
|
What was the name of the leader of the League's Manchurian investigation?
|
Lord Lytton (Lytton Commission)
|
|
|
When was the Great Depression?
|
1929-33
|
|
|
Where did the League have a success in a dispute involving Sweden?
|
Aaland islands
|
|
|
Where did the League have a success in a dispute involving Poland and Germany?
|
Upper Silesia
|
|
|
Where did the League fail in a dispute involving Poland?
|
Vilna
|
|
|
What is the name given to a vote that determines which country an area should be part of?
|
Plebiscite
|
|
|
What was the name of the pact between Britain and France that proposed to give away Abyssinia?
|
Hoare-Laval Pact
|
|
|
Over which incident did Mussolini exercise pressue on the League's Conference of Ambassadors?
|
Corfu
|
|
|
In what year did the Anschluss take place?
|
1938
|
|
|
In what year did Hitler first attempt an Anschluss with Austria?
|
1934
|
|
|
Why did Hitler fail to achieve Anschluss with Austria in 1934?
|
Mussolini moved troop to the Italian/Austrian border
|
|
|
What was the name given to the extra living space Hitler wanted in the East?
|
lebensraum
|
|
|
What was the area of Czechoslovakia taken from Germany in 1919 called?
|
Sudetenland
|
|
|
How many German speakers lived in the Sudetenland?
|
3500000
|
|
|
What useful minerals could Hitler find in Czechoslovakia?
|
Iron ore (haematite)
|
|
|
Which car company also had a large arms manufacturer in Czechoslovakia?
|
Skoda
|
|
|
What was the name for eastern european people?
|
Slavs
|
|
|
At which conference did the allies agree to divide Germany?
|
Yalta (the decision was confirmed at Potsdam)
|
|
|
Who represented Britain at Yalta?
|
Winston Churchill
|
|
|
Who represented the USA at Yalta?
|
Franklin Roosevelt (FDR)
|
|
|
Who represented Britain at Potsdam?
|
Clement Attlee
|
|
|
Who represented the USA at Potsdam?
|
Harry S Truman
|
|
|
Who represented the USSR at Yalta?
|
Josef Stalin
|
|
|
Who represented the USSR at Potsdam?
|
Josef Stalin
|
|
|
At which conference were the borders of Poland established?
|
Potsdam
|
|
|
At which conference was the decision taken to try Nazi war criminals?
|
Potsdam
|
|
|
Where did Churchill deliver his 'Iron Curtain' speech?
|
Fulton
|
|
|
The fall of which country to communism convinced Congress to approve Marshall Aid?
|
Czechoslovakia
|
|
|
What was the name given to the idea that the US would fight to protect countries from internal or external communist threats?
|
Truman Doctrine
|
|
|
In what year did the Berlin Blockade begin?
|
1948
|
|
|
What was the British name for the Berlin Airlift?
|
Operation Vittels
|
|
|
With what frequency did planes land in Berlin during the airlift?
|
Every 90 seconds
|
|
|
Who was the leader of East Germany at the time of the building of the Berlin Wall?
|
Walter Ulbricht
|
|
|
How many people crossed from East to West Berlin in the three years before the wall was built?
|
500000
|
|
|
What was the name of the place where Soviet and US tanks faced off after the building of the wall?
|
Checkpoint Charlie
|
|
|
What phrase did Kennedy use in a speech in Berlin to show his solidarity with the people of Berlin?
|
Ich bin Ein Berliner
|
|
|
How did Kennedy describe the wall?
|
A wall is better than a war
|
|
|
Who was leader of the USSR at the time of the Prague Spring?
|
Leonid Brezhnev
|
|
|
Who was the leader of Germany during the First World War?
|
Kaiser Wilhelm II
|
|
|
What disease swept through Europe after WW1 killing more people than the war?
|
Spanish Flu
|
|
|
How many widows were left in Germany after WW1?
|
600000
|
|
|
How many children were left without father's in Germany after WW1?
|
2 million
|
|
|
How much of the Weimar government's budget was spent on war pensions in 1925?
|
One third
|
|
|
When did the Kaiser abdicate?
|
9th November 1918
|
|
|
Who became the leader of Germany after the Kaiser abdicated?
|
Friedrich Ebert
|
|
|
What system was used to elect members of the Weimar parliament?
|
Proportional Representation
|
|
|
What was the voting age in Weimar Germany?
|
All adults over 20
|
|
|
Which article of the Constitution gave the President emergency powers?
|
Article 48
|
|
|
Which article of the Treaty of Versailles made Germany take the blame for starting WW1?
|
Article 231
|
|
|
Why was Weimar chosen as the location of the new German government?
|
Berlin was felt to be too volatile
|
|
|
Which was the most famous communist group in post war Germany?
|
The Spartacists
|
|
|
Who were the leaders of the Spartacists?
|
Karl Liebnecht and Rosa Luxemburg
|
|
|
What was the name of the right-wing group of ex-soldiers who the government used to suppress communist uprisings?
|
Freikorps
|
|
|
In which state was their a communist take-over in 1918-1919?
|
Bavaria
|
|
|
How many communists were killed by the Freikorps in the suppression of the Bavarian revolt?
|
600
|
|
|
How much if its land did Germany lose in the Treaty of Versailles?
|
10%
|
|
|
How many of Germany's overseas colonies did Germany lose in the Treaty of Versailles?
|
All of them
|
|
|
How much of the German population was lost in the Treaty of Versailles?
|
12.5%
|
|
|
How much of German's coal reserves were lost in the Treaty of Versailles?
|
16%
|
|
|
How much of Germany's iron industry was lost in the Treaty of Versailles?
|
48%
|
|
|
What was the name given to the Treaty if Versailles by its opponents?
|
The stab in the back
|
|
|
Who led the 1920 right-wing rebellion against the Weimar government?
|
Wolfgang Kapp
|
|
|
How many Freikorps were involved in the Kapp Putsch attempt?
|
5000
|
|
|
Why was the Kapp Putsch defeated?
|
Workers in Berlin cllaed a General Strike (Passive Resistance)
|
|
|
Where did Hitler attempt to lead a Putsch?
|
Munich (Bavaria)
|
|
|
Who was Ebert's Foreign Minister who was assassinated by extremists in1922?
|
Walter Rathenau
|
|
|
When was the total of the Reparations bill finally announced?
|
April1921
|
|
|
How much were the annual installments Germany had to pay in reparations?
|
£50 million per year
|
|
|
What percentage of Germany's annual economic output was the reparations bill?
|
2%
|
|
|
In what year did the Germans first fail to pay their reparations bill?
|
1922
|
|
|
Which countries invaded the Ruhr in 1923 to claim their reparations in goods?
|
France and Belgium
|
|
|
In what year did the Ruhr invasion occur?
|
1923
|
|
|
How did the German government respond to the invasion of the Ruhr?
|
Passive resistance
|
|
|
How many German workers were killed in the Ruhr by the French?
|
100+
|
|
|
How did the German government respond to the decline in economic output caused by the passive resistance in the Ruhr?
|
It printed money.
|
|
|
How much did a loaf of bread cost in Berlin by November 1923?
|
201
|
|
|
What name is given to when a currency loses its value quickly?
|
Hyperinflation
|
|
|
Who became leader of Germany in August 1923?
|
Gustav Stresemann
|
|
|
What was the name of the currency introduced by Stresemann to replace the worthless marks?
|
Rentenmark
|
|
|
In what year was the Dawes Plan introduced?
|
1924
|
|
|
When did Germany join the League of Nations?
|
September 1926
|
|
|
When did Germany leave the League of Nations?
|
October 1933?
|
|
|
Who was the most famous director during the Weimar period?
|
Fritz Lang (Metropolis)
|
|
|
Who was the most famous actress during the Weimar period?
|
Marlene Dietrich
|
|
|
What was the name of the architectural style that developed in the Weimar period?
|
Bauhaus
|
|
|
What percentage of the vote did the Nazis win in the 1928 election?
|
3%
|
|
|
When was the Locarno Treaty signed?
|
1925
|
|
|
What financial plan was signed in 1929?
|
Young Plan
|
|
|
What financial plan was signed in 1924?
|
Dawes Plan
|
|
|
What did the Locarno Treaty guarantee?
|
Germany would respect the Treaty of Versailles borders with France
|
|
|
What territory was returned to France by the Treaty of Versailles?
|
Alsace-Lorraine
|
|
|
How far is Cuba from Florida?
|
160km
|
|
|
What is the US Naval Base in Cuba called?
|
Guantanamo
|
|
|
What was Cuba's main export in the 1960s?
|
Sugar
|
|
|
Who was the US supported dictator of Cuba before 1959?
|
Batista
|
|
|
Who overthrew Batista in 1959?
|
Fidel Castro
|
|
|
Which famous revolutionary supported Castro in his fight against Batista?
|
Che Guevara
|
|
|
When did Castro begin to receive arms and supplies from the USSR?
|
Summer 1960
|
|
|
Who was the leader of the USSR during the Cuban Missile Crisis?
|
Khrushchev
|
|
|
When had Kennedy become President of the USA?
|
January 1961
|
|
|
Which organisation persuaded Kennedy to launch the Bay of Pigs operation?
|
CIA (Central Intelligence Agency)
|
|
|
Who did the CIA use to launch the Bay of Pigs operation?
|
Cuban exiles who hated Castro
|
|
|
When did the USA break off relations with Cuba?
|
January 1961
|
|
|
What did Castro think would happen next when the USA broke off relations?
|
There would be an invasion
|
|
|
Where did the 1961 invasion of Cuba land?
|
The Bay of Pigs
|
|
|
When was the Bay of Pigs invasion?
|
April 1961
|
|
|
When did the USSR announce officially that it was supplying arms to Cuba?
|
May 1962
|
|
|
How many Soviet technicians were in Cuba to support the weapons programme?
|
5000
|
|
|
When did Kennedy warn the USSR about the consequence of supplying nuclear missiles to Cuba?
|
Sept 1962
|
|
|
When did the U2 spy plane reveal details of the nuclear sites in Cuba?
|
October 1962
|
|
|
Which cities were brought in range of Soviet nuclear missiles by the Cuban base?
|
Washington
|
|
|
How long would the US have to react to nuclear missiles launched from Cuba?
|
10 minutes
|
|
|
How many Soviet ships were sailing towards Cuba at the time the missile bases were identified?
|
20
|
|
|
What was the name of the group of Special Advisers that Kennedy used in the crisis?
|
ExComm
|
|
|
What tactic did Kennedy employ to stop the Soviet ships reaching Cuba?
|
A blockade
|
|
|
What name did Kennedy give to the blockade of Cuba to avoid it being an act of war?
|
Quarantine
|
|
|
What was the effect of the blockade?
|
The Soviet ships turned round on October 24th 1962
|
|
|
Why didn't the success of the blockade end the Cuban Missile Crisis?
|
Work continued on the Soviet bases in Cuba
|
|
|
What deal did Khrushchev offer Kennedy in his first letter?
|
Assurances that Cuba was safe from invasion and the blockade was lifted could lead to negotiations
|
|
|
Where did the US have nuclear missiles that threatened the USSR?
|
Turkey and Italy
|
|
|
What was the Soviet justification for sending nuclear missiles to Cuba
|
They were defensive
|
|
|
What underlying reasons did the Soviet Union have for sending nuclear missiles to Cuba?
|
To test Kennedy
|
|
|
What did Khruschev's second letter demand?
|
The withdrawal of US missiles from Turkey
|
|
|
Which event nearly triggered an attack on Cuba on 27th October 1962?
|
A U2 spy plane was shot down
|
|
|
How did Kennedy resolve the crisis?
|
He accepted the terms of the first letter
|
|
|
Why did Khrushchev think Kennedy was weak?
|
Failure of Bay of Pigs incident
|
|
|
When did Khrushchev first meet Kennedy?
|
At a summit meeting in Vienna
|
|
|
What was the period following the Cuban Missile Crisis known as?
|
Detente or 'The Thaw'
|
|
|
What was installed in the Whitehouse and the Kremlin as a result of the crisis?
|
A telephone hotline so the two leaders could contact each other easily
|
|
|
What happened to the US missiles in Turkey?
|
They were withdrawn in secret by April 1963 as submarine launched missile could now replace them
|
|
|
How was the UN involved in the crisis?
|
UN Weapons Inspectors supervised the removal of the weapons and deconstruction of the bases in Cuba
|
|
|
When did the crisis in the Congo begin?
|
1960
|
|
|
Which country had owned Congo as a colony until 1960?
|
Belgium
|
|
|
How long did Belgium give Congo to prepare for independence?
|
5 months
|
|
|
Who was the first Prime Minister of Congo?
|
Patrice Lumumba
|
|
|
Who was the first President of Congo?
|
Joseph Kasavubu
|
|
|
How many Belgians were still living in the Congo when independence came?
|
100000
|
|
|
What was the capital of Congo?
|
Brazzaville
|
|
|
Why did the Belgian government send troops back to the Congo?
|
The army mutinied and began attacking whites
|
|
|
Why was the arrival of Belgian troops back in the Congo a problem?
|
It was illegal under international law as Congo was now an independent country
|
|
|
Which mineral rich area of Congo declared its independence after Congo became independent?
|
Katanga
|
|
|
Why was Katanga an important area?
|
It produced 60% of the world's uranium and 80% of the world's industrial diamonds
|
|
|
Who was the leader of the independent state of Katanga?
|
Moise Tshombe
|
|
|
Who backed Tshombe's declaration of independence?
|
European
|
|
|
How did Lumumba deal with Tshombe's declaration of independence?
|
He appealed to the UN for help
|
|
|
How did the UN respond to Lumumba's request for help?
|
The Security Council approved a force of 10
|
|
|
What were the four tasks of the UN forces in Congo?
|
Restore law and order and maintain it. Stop other nations from getting involved with the crisis. Assist in building the nation’s economy. Restore political stability.
|
|
|
What conditions about the use of force were imposed on the UN forces in the Congo?
|
Force could only be used in self-defence
|
|
|
Where did Tshombe site his new capital city of Katanga?
|
Elizabethville
|
|
|
Who was the Secretary General of the UN at the start of the Congo crisis?
|
Dag Hammerskjöld
|
|
|
Why did Lumumba criticise the UN's involvement in the Congo crisis?
|
The UN's unwillingness to crush Tshombe was seen by Lumumba as the UN siding with the rich European countries who were supporting Tshombe
|
|
|
Who did Lumumba turn to for help when he became disillusioned with the UN?
|
The USSR
|
|
|
How did Khrushchev aid Lumumba during the Congo crisis?
|
He provided military equipment for an attack on Katanga
|
|
|
Why was Lumumba dismissed as Prime Minister of Congo by Kasavubu?
|
The attack on Katanga failed
|
|
|
Who replaced Lumumba as Prime Minister of Congo?
|
The Head of the Army
|
|
|
How did Lumumba respond to being removed as Prime Minister of Congo?
|
He established a new rival government in Stanleyville in the eastern part of Congo.
|
