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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cns lesion in hiv with mass effect ddx |
Toxo, primary cns lymphoma Cryptococcoma, malignancy, tuberculoma, abscess, nocardiosis, syphilitic gumma |
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Cns lesion in hiv without mass effect ddx |
Pml, hiv encephalopathy, cmv encephalitis |
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Treatment of toxoplasma encephalitis in hiv |
Pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine |
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Common infections in CGD |
Staph, nocardia, aspergillus, burkholderia, serratia, salmonella, bcg |
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Cause of acute and chronic African sleeping sickness |
Acute form: east Africa, trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense Chronic form: west and central Africa, trypanosoma brucei gambiense |
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Infections associated with contact lenses |
Pseudomonas, acanthamoeba, atypical mycobacteria |
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Treatment of enterobius |
Single dose albendazole Pyrantel pamoate if pregnant |
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Front (Term) |
Trichuris trichiura |
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Common coinfections with trichuris |
Ascaris or hookworm If eosinophilia consider concurrent toxocara |
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Front (Term) |
Ascaris lumbricoides |
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Ascaris migrate to the ***. Can cause a syndrome |
Lungs Loefflers syndrome |
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Front (Term) |
Ancylostoma duodenale and necator americanus (hookworm) |
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Hookworm infection can be associated with what lab abnormality? |
Iron deficiency anemia |
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Front (Term) |
Strongyloides stercoralis |
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Treatment of strongyloides |
Ivermectin or albendazole single dose If hyperinfection continue until larvae no longer detected |
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Cutaneous larva migrans |
Ancylostoma braziliense and A caninum |
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Cause of tropical pulmonary eosinophilia |
Filariasis - wuchereria, brugia |
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Treatment of microfilaria |
Diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC), ivermectin (good for coinfection with onchocerciasis), doxycycline |
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Treatment of onchocerciasis |
Ivermectin (check first for loa loa- can result in cns invasion), doxy, nodulectomy |
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Cause of calabar swellings - recurrent angioedema and pruritis |
Loa loa |
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Treatment of loa loa |
Exclude coinfection with onchocerca DEC, add steroids/albendazole or apheresis if very high microfilaria burden |
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Front (Term) |
Trichinella spiralis |
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Front (Term) |
Shistosomiasis |
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Cause of katayama fever - rash, fever, headaches, myalgia |
Schistosomiasis |
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Incubation period of schistosomiasis |
3-7 weeks |
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Species causing urinary (bilharzia) and intestinal schistosomiasis |
S. Haematobium S mansoni/japonicum |
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Treatment of schistosomiasis |
Praziquantel +\- steroids |
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Cause of neurocystercircosis |
Taenia solium |
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Treatment of echinococcus |
Surgical excision or pair, albendazole to prevent peritoneal seeding (at least 4 days before and 6 months after) |
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Hiv positive but has negative Elisa and pcr |
Rare O strain of hiv-1 Diagnose by western blot, hiv culture |
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Art with no activity against hiv-2 |
Nnrti and fusion inhibitors |
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CMV ppx d+\r- |
Valganciclovir 900mg po qd x 6 months |
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CMV ppx r+ |
Valganciclovir 900mg po qd x 3 months |
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Common infections <4 weeks from SOT |
Aspiration, line infection, wound infection, anastamotic leak/ischemia, c diff Donor derived: hsv, lcmv, rabies, West Nile Recipient derived: aspergillus, pseudomonas |
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Common infections 1-6 months from SOT |
Bk virus, c diff, hcv, adenovirus, influenza, cryptococcus, MTB Anastomotic complications If not on ppx add: pcp, hsv, vzv, cmv, ebv, hbv, listeria, nocardia, toxoplasma, strongyloides, leishmaniasis, t cruzi |
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Common infections 1-6 months from SOT |
Bk virus, c diff, hcv, adenovirus, influenza, cryptococcus, MTB Anastomotic complications If not on ppx add: pcp, hsv, vzv, cmv, ebv, hbv, listeria, nocardia, toxoplasma, strongyloides, leishmaniasis, t cruzi |
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Common infections >6 months from SOT |
Cap, uti Aspergillus, atypical molds, mucor, nocardia, rhodococcus, late viral (cmv, hbv, hcv, hsv, pml/jc virus), ptld, skin cancer |
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Letermovir does not cover |
Hsv or vzv |
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Conditioning regimens that can cause hemorrhagic cystitis |
Cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, busulfan, total body irradiation |
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Early post-engraftment infections (30-100 days) |
Hepatosplenic candidiasis, invasive aspergillus, mucor, scedosporium, fusarium, cmv, respiratory viruses, pcp, c diff, cryptosporidium Pneumonitis from conditioning, acute gvhd Strongyloides, bk virus, toxoplasma |
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Late infections |
Invasive fungal infections: Candida, aspergillus, mucor, trichosporon, ustilago, pseudozyma, cryptococcus, saccharomyces Encapsulated bacteria (s pneumo, h influenzae, n meningitidis) Vzv, cmv, nocardia, ptld |
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Antibiotics that work on the cell wall |
Beta lactam, vancomycin, bacitracin |
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Antibiotics that block dna synthesis |
Fluoroquinolones |
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Antibiotics that block rna synthesis |
Rifamycins |
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Antibiotics that work at the cell membrane |
Polymyxins, daptomycin |
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Antibiotics that block the 30s subunit |
Aminoglycosides, tetracyclines |
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Antibiotics that block the 50s subunit |
Macrolides, lincosamides, chloramphenicol, oxazalidinones |
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Antibiotics that block folic acid synthesis |
Sulfonamides, sulfones, trimethoprim |
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Antibiotics that block mycolic acid synthesis |
Isoniazid |
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Side effect of oxacillin |
Drug induced hepatitis |
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Side effect of oxacillin |
Drug induced hepatitis |
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Side effect nafcillin |
Interstitial nephritis |
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Spectrum of first generation cephalosporins |
Mssa Pek (proteus, E. coli, klebsiella) |
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Spectrum of second generation cephalosporins |
Similar to first gen plus some additional gram negatives Mssa Henpek (haemophilus, enterobacter, neisseria, proteus, E. coli, klebsiella) |
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Third generation cephalosporins activity |
Gram positive coverage, plus henpek, plus: Serratia, citrobacter, acinetobacter, Morganella, providencia |
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4th generation cephalosporins spectrum |
Same as third generation plus pseudomonas |
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Fifth generation cephalosporins spectrum |
Same as third generation plus mrsa |
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On long term cefazolin need to monitor for |
Leukopenia |
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Unique side effect of ceftriaxone |
Biliary sludging |
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Aztreonam is structurally similar to |
Ceftazidime - don’t use if patient has known type 1 allergy |
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The only carbapenem with reliable enterococcus coverage |
Imipenem |
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Spectrum of ceftolazone tazobactam |
Mdr pseudomonas Limited gram positive activity - only strep Esbl and amp c |
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Spectrum of ceftazidime- avibactam and meropenem- vaborbactam |
Kpc, esbl, ampc Very broad gram negative activity, limited gram positive activity |
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Spectrum of macrolides activity |
Gram positive Some gram negative- moraxella, h influenzae Atypicals, NTM |
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Spectrum of tetracyclines |
Gram positive- including mrsa and listeria Gram negative- neisseria, moraxella, haemophilus (no pseudomonas or proteus) Atypical, spirochete (syphilis, lepto, rickettsial) Minocycline covers CRAB |
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Spectrum of tigecycline |
Gram positive: includes mrsa and vre Gram negatives: including esbl and kpc +anaerobes and atypical 3 major holes: pseudomonas, proteus and providencia (3Ps) Avoid for bsi- large volume of distribution |
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Aminoglycosides do not have activity for |
Anaerobes Steno |
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Spectrum of tmp-smx |
Enterobacteriaceae, pasteurella, h flu, m catarrhalis, burkholderia, steno, vibrio Staph aureus, cons, nocardia, pcp |
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Dapsone spectrum of activity |
M leprae, malaria, PJP, toxo |
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Must check what before giving dapsone? |
G6pd |
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Pyrimethamine spectrum |
Toxoplasma |
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Toxicities of dapsone |
Methemoglobinemia Hemolysis |
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Spectrum of linezolid |
all Gram positive including listeria, nocardia, mycobacteria |
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Spectrum of clindamycin |
Gram positives (except enterococcus), anaerobes, p falciparum, p vivax, babesia, toxo |
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Spectrum of nitrofurantoin |
E. coli, enterococcus, s saprophyticus, variable against Kleb and citrobacter |
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Side effects of nitrofurantoin |
Renal (avoid crcl<30) Acute pneumonitis |
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Fosfomycin spectrum |
Enterococcus, s aureus, s saprophyticus E. coli, citrobacter proteus Variable enterobacter, providencia, pseudomonas, acinetobacter |
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Which vaccine must you avoid in patients with true egg allergy |
Yellow fever |
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Incubation period of coxiella |
2-3 weeks |
