Ichthyology Final

Front 1

What’s the difference between freshwater and marine habitats in regards to connectiveness and degree of human impact?

Back 1

Freshwater have little to no human exploitation but are not very connected. On the other hand, marine waters have high degree of connectedness and high amounts of human impact. (Ie overfishing, deposition of sediments, climate change)

Front 2

Substrate modification from logging can cause (3 things)

Back 2

Siltation, loss of invertebrates, egg suffocation

Front 3

Synapomorphy defn

Back 3

Shared trait from an ancestral form. Used to build phylogenetic trees

Front 4

Channelization causes what

Back 4

Channelization causes loss of habitat, it reduces heterogeneity, loss of nurseries for fish, and increases velocity of streams which can result in severe flooding downstream.

Front 5

Def’n water diversion

Back 5

Taking water out of watersheds

Front 6

What property of fish make them a good source of food?

Back 6

Fish have a low metabolic rate meaning they can contribute more energy towards biomass. This makes them a more efficient form of food.

Front 7

What must fisheries balance?

Back 7

The fisheries must balance harvest (yield) with stock size.

Front 8

Applying classic model suggest that it is most efficient to have target stock where?

Back 8

It is most efficient to have target stock at just below maximum growth rate.

Front 9

Describe ballast water.

Back 9

Ballast water is the water fish take on to remain level with the water. It is released in different areas. It can take up fish from one area and deposit them in another, introducing foreign species.

Front 10

Potential remedies for ballast water

Back 10

UV radiation, mandating exchange of ballast water at sea, boiling the water.

Front 11

Whirling disease protozoan

Back 11

Myxosoma

Front 12

Daphnia lumholtzi

Back 12

Easily live in well water. Enormous spines develop on these when they’re near predator ours fish. These spines can cause them to clog in filter feeding fish.

Front 13

Colorado pike minnow

Back 13

Piscivorous role in the Colorado river

Front 14

Effects of the Glen Canyon Dam

Back 14

Water passing from the dam is very low in temperature because it’s the deepest water in the lake. Decrease in seasonal variation of the stream which can lead to reduction of reproduction. Sediment delivery is also way less to lower parts of the river. Flow variability is also stopped. No spring flood, loss of invertebrate drift as a result.

Front 15

Describe some attempts to remedy the negative effects of the dam.

Back 15

Experimental floods, multi level intake structure

Front 16

Other dam issues

Back 16

Asian tape worm thrives in warmer waters, multiple management agencies have jurisdication over the river, natural drought, and population increase around the river causes the lake to supply more water

Front 17

The Goliath grouper populations are negatively impacted by?

Back 17

Overfishing, habitat loss, and water quality (algal blooms, heavy metals)

Front 18

Goliath grouper research question

Back 18

Which water quality issue (red tide or heavy metals) is most detrimental to the population of Goliath groupers?

Front 19

Clownfish research question

Back 19

Will the application of clownfish mucous to another fish yield it no longer susceptible to stings from anemone fish!

Front 20

Research question for gobies

Back 20

If clients displayed punishment in retaliation to cheating, would the goby behavior change?

Front 21

Sablefish research question

Back 21

How much time can juvenile sablefish spend on deck before their mortality increases

Front 22

Amphistylic

Back 22

Pq attached to otic and optic centers. Hyoid suspends both jaws. Jaws attached firmly at back. Primitive sharks.

Front 23

Hyostylic

Back 23

Otic pq connection lost, not firmly associated at rear, hyoid does not suspend jaws as firmly, modern sharks and actinopterygiians.

Front 24

Autostylic/holostylic

Back 24

Pq fuses to cranium. No association of jaws with hyoid. Loss of jaw mobility because of fusion with cranium. Non fish vertebrates and holocephalans.

Front 25

Secret to suction feeding

Back 25

Increase volume of oral brachial chamber by a lot.

Front 26

Which movements allow for closing and opening of jaws

Back 26

Hypaxial muscle pull down, increasing oral branchial cavity. Opercula bone picks up connection between operculum and cranium. Muscles pull opercle backwards

Front 27

New connection found in teleosts

Back 27

Ceratohyl-dentary connection.

Front 28

Benefits of suction feeding (negative impacts of just swimming faster that are avoided)

Back 28

Lots of energy is expended if you chase fish. Possibly draw out predators, pressure wave might push prey away.

Front 29

Protrusible jaws allow for

Back 29

Suction feeding and closing off triangles to reduce prey escape

Front 30

Protrusible jaws suffer from

Back 30

Hard to get water moving, gape limitation, not much bite force because of weak bones, non edibles are hard to vomit up

Front 31

Low Reynolds number

Back 31

Swimming through molasses

Front 32

Conus vs bulbous arteriosus

Back 32

Conus is muscular. Pumps to gills then rest of body. Bulbous is elastic and evens out flow flow by keeping blood pressure constant.

Front 33

Pneumatic duct

Back 33

Connection between swim bladder and mouth

Front 34

Physostomous condition

Back 34

Gets air by gulping water at surface. Has pneumatic duct.

Front 35

Countercurrent multiplier, Salting out effect, and root effect off delay occur in the rete. What’s salting out?

Back 35

Lactic acid is a salt. The presence of salt forces the oxygen out of the solution.

Front 36

Fxn of choroid gland

Back 36

Provides oxygen and nourishment to layers in the eye because it’s an area of high metabolic demand.