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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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tidal volume TV
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amount of air inhaled/exhaled with each breath under resting conditions
500 |
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inspiratory reserve volume IRV
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amount that can be forcefully inhaled after normal tidal inhalation
3100 |
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expiratory reserve volume ERV
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amount that can be forcefully exhaled after normal tidal exhalation
1200 |
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residual volume RV
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amount of air remaining in the lungs after a forced exhalation
1200 |
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total lung capacity TLC
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max amount of air in lungs after max inspiratory effort
6000 (all volumes added) |
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vital capacity
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max air that can be expired after max inspiratory effort
4800 IRV + TV + ERV |
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inspiratory capacity
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max air that can be inspired after normal expiration
3600 IRV + TV |
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functional residual capacity
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air remaining in lungs after normal tidal volume expiration
2400 ERV + RV |
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blood colloid osmotic pressure
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30
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glomerular hydrostatic pressure
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55
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capsular hydrostatic pressure
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15
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net filtration pressure
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10
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how is glomerular pressure controlled by afferent/efferent arterioles
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1) dilate afferent --> more fluid in, and increased pressure, so higher filtration rate
2) constrict efferent-like creating a dam |
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myogenic mechanism
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(stretch = constriction)
High pressure in afferent arteriole causes constriction and decreased flow |
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Tubuloglomerular Feedback (Macula Densa Cells)
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Slow flow or low sodium osmolarity causes release of vasodilators which increases GFR
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neural control
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Sympathetic NS releases epinephrine (from adrenals) which binds with alpha receptors on vascular smooth muscle to constrict peripheral arteries = increase BP and GFR
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Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)
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Under low pressure JG cells release renin – forms Angiotensin (then AT II), which forms aldosterone (conserves NA+) and ADH (conserves water)
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transcellular
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transport luminal, diffusion cytosol, transport basolateral, mvmt thru IF into capillary
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paracellular
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mvmt thru leaky tight junctions, particularly in PCT
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reabsorption by PCT cells
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-65-70% of Na and H20 reabsorbed here
Na is pumped into interstitial space by Na-K ATPase, and active transport creates concentration gradient that drives... 1) na into luminal membrane 2)reabsorption of nutrients and ions by cotransport 3) h20 reabsorbed by osmosis 4) solutes left behind can be reabsorbed -lipid soluble substances diffuse by transcellular -Cl, K and urea diffuse by paracellular |
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loop of henle
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25% h20 in descending, 25% na in ascending (na, Cl and K 2ndary active transport)
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distal CT
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10% original na, 20% original h20
aldosterone from adrenal cortex helps with na |
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collecting duct
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h20 reabsorption by ADH,
also... na reabsorbtion and k secretion h+ and hco3 reabsorption or secretion urea reabsorption by ADH |
