Honors Bio, Ch. 8, Ben Steva

Front 1

Cell Cycle

Back 1

The steps that allow a cell to split into two cells.

Hint 1

Allows growth

Allows cells to repair damaged tissue

Front 2

Mitosis

Back 2

The division of the nucleus

Hint 2

Chromosomes separate into two identical sets

One of the most important and main process of the cell cycle

Front 3

Interphase

Back 3

Period of growth and DNA replication between divisions

Hint 3

Separated into three phases

A cell spends most of its life in this process

Front 4

G1/G0

Back 4

Stage where growth occurs and macromolecules are made

Hint 4

Stage of normal cell processes

Same as G2

Front 5

S

Back 5

Stage where DNA replication occurs

Hint 5

Synthesis

Stage between G1 and G2

Front 6

G2

Back 6

Second stage of growth and marcomolecule making

Hint 6

Same as G1/G0

Stage after S

Front 7

M

Back 7

Stage where mitosis and cytokinesis occur

Hint 7

Final stage of the cell cycle

The cell would not separate with this stage

Front 8

Restriction Point

Back 8

Where growth signals tell the cell to finish the entire cycle

Hint 8

One thing that may occur during G1

There is no longer a requirement for growth to finish the cycle

Front 9

Cytokinesis

Back 9

When the cytoplasm splits into two separate cells

Hint 9

Occurs during stage M

The very last process that occurs in the cell cycle

Front 10

Daughter Cell

Back 10

A cell that is created after the cell cycle is complete

Hint 10

Result of the cell cycle is two ______

Each ______ has one strand of DNA from the parent cell

Front 11

Nucleotide Base Pairing

Back 11

Each nitrogen base has a specific pair that it must be to function properly

Hint 11

A-T, C-G

The cells know these very well and must keep them the same

Front 12

Hydrogen Bond

Back 12

A bond formed between two hydrogen atoms

Hint 12

A and T have a double _____

Front 13

Antiparallel

Back 13

When two things are parallel, but run in opposite directions

Hint 13

DNA strands are ________

Front 14

DNA Polymerase

Back 14

Helps to build a new, matching strand for each of the original strands of DNA

Hint 14

Works with RNA primer

Added to the DNA synthesis process by RNA polymerase

Front 15

Semiconservative Replication

Back 15

Each daughter molecule has one original strand of the DNA

Hint 15

Means that half the strand of DNA is original

Front 16

Histone

Back 16

A type of protein that DNA wraps around

Hint 16

Forms a nucleosome

Front 17

Chromosome

Back 17

Made up of protein and DNA, containing genetic information

Hint 17

Found inside the nucleus

Front 18

Chromatin

Back 18

The complex of proteins and DNA that forms chromosomes

Hint 18

Makes up chromosomes

Front 19

Mutation

Back 19

A change in the sequence of a cell's DNA

Hint 19

There are three types of _____

The X-Men are humans with _____

Front 20

Mutagen

Back 20

A cause of a mutation

Hint 20

Chemicals, Radiation, Viruses

______ are very often carcinogens

Front 21

Excision Repair

Back 21

When an incorrect base pair is attached to DNA it is removed

Hint 21

A base pair is cut out of the DNA and replaced

Front 22

Leading/Lagging Strand

Back 22

The names for the strands that nucleotides are added onto

Hint 22

One gets nucleotides continuously

One gets nucleotides in segments

Front 23

Sister Chromatids

Back 23

Either of the two copies of a chromosome

Hint 23

Not brothers, but _____

Front 24

Centromere

Back 24

The piece that attaches the sister chromatids

Hint 24

Holds the chromosome together

Front 25

Aneuploid

Back 25

Cells that form when mutations occur as chromosomes are being separated

Hint 25

Extra or missing chromosomes

Front 26

Prophase

Back 26

When chromosomes become visible as pairs of chromatids

Hint 26

The first phase of mitosis

Nuclear envelope disappears

Front 27

Metaphase

Back 27

Chromosomes align themselves in the middle of the cell

Hint 27

Third phase of mitosis

Like a type of "tug of war" with the chromatids

Front 28

Anaphase

Back 28

Phase where the genetic information of the parent cell is put into the two daughter cells

Hint 28

Fourth phase of mitosis

Phase with the most to do with the nucleus

Front 29

Telophase

Back 29

When the chromatids/chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell

Hint 29

Final phase of mitosis

Two nuclei are formed

Front 30

Centrioles

Back 30

Organelle in animal cells that develops spindle fibers

Hint 30

Found in most eukaryotic cells

Front 31

(Mitotic) Spindle (Fibers)

Back 31

Form a protein structure that divides genetic information

Hint 31

Connect things

Front 32

Spindle Poles

Back 32

Opposite ends of the cell

Hint 32

Similar idea to the North and South Poles

Equal to centrosome in function

Front 33

Kinetochore

Back 33

Proteins on chromatids that spindle fibers attach to during cell division

Hint 33

Help to separate sister chromatids

Front 34

Cyclins

Back 34

Proteins that regulate the progression of the cell cycle

Hint 34

Bind to and activate kinases

Front 35

Kinases

Back 35

Enzymes that transfer a phosphate group from ATP to other cell cycle enzymes to activate them

Hint 35

From the family of phosphotransferases

Front 36

Cell-Cycle Arrest

Back 36

When proteins stop the cell cycle until mistakes are fixed

Hint 36

The entire team has to stop if someone in an earlier stage makes a mistake

All processes stop

Front 37

Cancer

Back 37

Uncontrolled cell growth due to mutations in checkpoint proteins

Hint 37

A vey sad disease

Front 38

Checkpoints

Back 38

Proteins monitor the condition of the DNA, chromosomes, and mitotic spindle to prevent producing mutated cells

Hint 38

Areas where proteins check in on the cell cycle