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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Systems View of Planning |
a theory of the object (town, city) or a substantive theory: dynamic, interconnectedness, realization that one thing has greater impact, planning as an ongoing process, incorp. spatial socio-econ considerations but still system control |
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Rational View of Planning |
the process of planning, a method for reaching a decision (applying science to policy making), ongoing process based on: decisions arrived thru considered reflection, reasons are explicit, & if whole process is rational, should be careful/explicit throughout. Planning as social action, about methods not ends. Current: the rise of big data |
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Robert Moses |
1920-1960's NYC Planner Systems guy, focused on middle class promoted urban renewal, highway projects |
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Jane Jacobs |
Greenwich village activist, strong opposition to Moses Author of "Death and Life of Great American Cities" - concept of community, interconnected life, eyes on the street |
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Charles Lindbloom "The Science of Muddling Through" |
Argues that rational process is impossible for practitioners & unrealistic - needs to much info & imprecise for application Practitioners: make incremental changes, based on past policy & current differences in policy options (Successive Limited Comparison)
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Paul Davidoff Advocacy Planning |
(1965) Participatory planning: that communities/cities need alternatives to the city planning. Planning Commissions are political, look beyond the physical planning. The physical only takes value based on values of users. |
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Redlining |
limiting loans (thereby ability) to buy homes in certain neighborhoods to low-income, people of color. Impaired ability of comm to accumulate capital, gain equity. Practice that effectively segregates 'hoods, not outlawed until Fair Housing Act of 1968. |
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Great Migration |
1st Wave: before/after WWI (1914-1939)) 2nd Wave: after WWII (1945+) Migration of hundreds of thousands of AfriAmer from S to industrial cities Change job from agricultural to industrial Changed the racial, social, economic & political landscape of American cities
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'Filtering' of housing stock |
older housing. As housing stock ages it becomes more affordable; lower-income people inhabit older housing b/c value has depreciated |
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Housing Act of 1949 |
Provided federal financing for slum clearance & urban renewal. Increased Fed Housing Admin mortgage insurance. Fed $ to build 800k public housing units. Funded research into housing & housing techniques. Suburbanization becomes econo agenda. |
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Battle of Washington Square Park |
Jacobs V. Moses Moses wanted to put freeway thru park, Jacobs fought back & freeway was never built |
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Lower Manhattan Expressway |
Controversial plan conceived by Moses in 1941 that would have razed neighborhoods to make way for freeway. Jacobs led residents to oppose until voted down in 1962. |
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Demolition of Penn Station (1963) |
Gorgeous station community loved - when built, 4th lrgst in world & civil enginrng challenge of its time. Was torn down (took 3 yrs), signified end of rail & rise of automobile. From destruction, ground swell around historic preservation - thru legislation, needs public review & beg. of rise of impor. of place |
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Pruitt-Igoe |
Public Housing Project in St Louis (1954, torn down 1972) tower block public housing (cheap to build) funded by Housing Act & design based on keeping costs down. Within 3 yrs, declining occupancy, inability of HA to maintain Tearing it down seen as the death of modernism |
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Oscar Newman's critique of Pruitt-Igoe design |
From Defensible Space, emerging view of a direct relationship btwn physical environ + human behavior Widespread vandalism + violence = excessive indefensible space. Ex: corridors too long, can't control who comes in building, unprotected open plazas, etc. Design public hsng to provide private, semiprivate & public space = reduce violence
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