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7 Cards in this Set
- Front
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How did the peasants, industrial workers, and middle class contribute to the 1905 revolution breaking out? |
There was a growing discontent among peasants due to living conditions, as well as being badly hit by poor harvests. There was a growing discontent among industrial workers due to working and living conditions. Industrial slump caused workers to be laid off, leading to strikes and demonstrations. The middle class wanted a say in how the country was run (democracy). |
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How did the Russo-Japanese war contribute to the 1905 revolution breaking out? |
Russia went to war with Japan in 1904, to try and secure a quick victory to raise morale. Both sides fought for control of a place called Manchuria; the Russia army was destroyed. Defeat was humiliating, and Russia lost lots of land. The war made conditions worse in Russia as well, since it disrupted food supplies which caused prices to rise. |
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How did Bloody Sunday contribute to the 1905 revolution breaking out? |
On the 22nd of January 1905, Father Gapon led a crowd of 200,000 workers through the streets of St Petersburg to the Tsar's Winter Palace. They intended to deliver a petition, asking for the Tsar's help in improving working conditions and pay. The troops panicked and opened fire on the crowd, and close to 1000 people died. This sparked off strikes, peasant revolts, and then mutinies in the armed forces. |
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What happened during the 1905 Revolution? |
-Bloody Sunday led to a wave of protests across Russia. 400,000 workers were on strike by the end of January.
-In some cities, workers elected Soviets (councils) to take over control.
-During June and July peasant uprisings became widespread; they seized land and murdered landlords.
-In October, a general strike paralysed the city. On the 26th of October, the St Petersburg Soviet was formed to co-ordinate the strikes. It soon established itself as the real source of power and was led by Leon Trotsky. |
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In what ways was the 1905 Revolution successful? |
-The Tsar gave some concessions to the peasants, such as lower taxes, improvements to education, and ended redemption payments (unpopular payments that peasants had to pay for the land they had received). -On the 30th of October Nicholas issued the October Manifesto, which set up an elected parliament (the Duma). This action regained the support of the middle classes. |
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In what ways was the 1905 Revolution unsuccessful? |
-By December, most of the troops had returned to Russia after the Russo-Japanese war, and this gave the Tsar the necessary power to win back control. -The Tsar used force to shut down the St Petersburg Soviet and arrested its leaders. -An armed uprising by the Moscow Soviet was severely put down by the army, 1000 people were killed. -Election for the first Duma resulted in a left-wing majority, critical of the Tsar's regime. Therefore the Tsar passed the Fundamental Laws which restored his autocratic power. -After the Fundamental Laws, the Duma demanded a greater say in government. Therefore the Tsar sent in troops to dissolve it. The second Duma was also dissolved after the SR's and SD's gained their first seats. -Before the third Duma, the Tsar changed the voting system. The richest 1% of Russians would vote for 2/3rds of the representatives. Therefore the Duma became full of conservatives who generally supported the Tsar. |
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How did the Tsar survive the 1905 Revolution? |
The main reason the Tsar survived the 1905 Revolution was because his best troops remained loyal, and allowed him to put down most of the rebellions by force by March 1906. The October Manifesto got the middle classes back on the Tsar's side, and the concessions made the peasants happier. In addition to this, the Tsar appointed Peter Stolypin as his chief minister to bring more reforms to Russia. |
