History Of Pharmacy

Front 1

The pharmacy profession dates back to _____years ago

Back 1

4000

Front 2

The pharmacy profession dates back to the _____ population

Back 2

Sumerian

Front 3

The earliest surviving prescription was written in ______

Back 3

2700 B.C.

Front 4

The Ancient Egyptians had specific preparers of medicine called

Back 4

Pastophors

Front 5

the first official documentation on drugs was called the ___, written by ____ in ____.

Back 5

Ebers papyrus, George Ebers , 1500 BC

Front 6

The Ebers Payrus contains ___ drugs and ___ prescriptions

Back 6

700, 875

Front 7

In the _,_ and _ centuries the distinctions between alchemy and medicinal chemistry was somehow blurred.

Back 7

16, 17, 18

Front 8

By the ___ pure scientific chemists had their own Royal Society of Chemostryy

Back 8

Mid-19th century

Front 9

The Royal Society of Chemistry was formed in ---

Back 9

1841

Front 10

The word Chymist has ____ origins

Back 10

Greek

Front 11

"chemist" took over from "Chymist" as the established spelling in the year....

Back 11

1790

Front 12

Chemist & druggist were both used in the ____

Back 12

Late 18th and 19th centuries

Front 13

Chemist and druggist is often used in _____and _____

Back 13

Trade directories and census returns

Front 14

Under the ____Act, the terms chemist and druggist were used by the ____ to denote those who had passed its minor examination

Back 14

1868 Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain

Front 15

The use of the title Chemist and druggist became legally restricted to registered pharmacists only from ____ onwards

Back 15

1868

Front 16

The title ____ was used occasionally by both qualified and unqualified chemists and druggists

Back 16

Master druggist

Front 17

____ and his colleagues set up the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain in ____

Back 17

Jacob Bell , 1852

Front 18

The law of the first Pharmacy Act in Britain was passed in

Back 18

1852

Front 19

'Pharmaceutical' was used by England in the ____ century and Oxford dictionary cited the word in ____

Back 19

17, 1648

Front 20

Common usage of the term 'pharmaceutical chemist' dates from the ___ century, often referring to _. The term was adopted by the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain by ____ to refer to those interested in organic chemistry and the skilled compounding of drugs of all descriptions

Back 20

18th century, advocates of the french school of chemical-based therapeutics , the mid-19th century

Front 21

1240 AD

Back 21

Pharmacy and Medicine are officially separated. King Frederick II , a powerful European ruler, issues an edict for the first time completely separating the professions of physicians and pharmacists, and issuing professional regulations for both

Front 22

1820

Back 22

The alkaloid quinine was first extracted from the bark of cinchona trees by two French chemists, Pierre Joseph Pelletier , and Joseph Biename Caventou

Front 23

1820

Back 23

Creation of the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) , which offers a system of standards to be used as a reference for professional pharmacists

Front 24

1874

Back 24

Diamorphine or Heroin was first synthesized from morphine

Front 25

1883

Back 25

The first edition of the Extra Pharmacopeia was published, by William Martindale and Dr. Wynn Wescot

Front 26

1885

Back 26

Louis Pasteur develops the Rabies Vaccine

Front 27

1886

Back 27

Dr. John Pemberton, a local Atlanta pharmacists, creates a syrup that is sold at nearby Jacob's Pharmacy. The syrup is an instant hit and when combined with carbonated water, sells for 5 cents a class. This is the original Coca-cola

Front 28

1892

Back 28

German pharmacist Felix Hoffmann successfully synthesizes salicylic acid, or aspirin, for commercial sale , which becomes the most widely used drug in modern times

Front 29

1899

Back 29

Aspirin was launched by a German company

Front 30

1910

Back 30

Salvarsan, the first "magic bullet" drug , effective against Syphilis was discovered by Paul Ehrlich and Dr. Sahachiro Hata

Front 31

1915

Back 31

Medicine stamp duty was doubled as a wartime fundraiser

Front 32

1917

Back 32

The Veneral Disease Act prohibited the advertising of medicines for VD and selling mixtures containing scheduled substances. It introduced the concept of 'prescription-only' medicines

Front 33

1922

Back 33

The Dangerous Drugs Act regulated the import and sale of potential 'drugs of addiction ', including the derivatives of opium, cocaine, and cannabis so widely used in proprietary remedies

Front 34

1928

Back 34

Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming

Front 35

1938

Back 35

The Food and Drugs Act prohibited the adulteration and mislabelling of drugs

Front 36

1939

Back 36

The Cancer Act restricted the advertisement of products claiming to treat cancer

Front 37

1940

Back 37

Under the Finance (No. 2) Act purchase tax was imposed on a range of goods including most drugs and medicines

Front 38

1941

Back 38

The Pharmacy and Medicines Act repealed the old medicine stamp duty. It forbade the general advertisement of products claiming to treat several specific illnesses including Bright's disease, cataract epilepsy, and TB, or to be effective on procuring an abortion. For the first time manufacturers were required to list the active ingredients of products on their packaging

Front 39

1948

Back 39

The National Health Service made prescription medicine available to all. Until the introduction, in the 1950s, and a subsequent hefty increase in prescription charges , proprietary medicines were no longer seen as a cheap alternative to seeing the doctor

Front 40

1948

Back 40

Raymond P. Ahlquist published his seminal work which divided adrenoceptors into alpha and beta-adrenoceptor subtypes and this allowed for a better understanding of drug mechanisms of action

Front 41

1955

Back 41

Jonas Salk at the University of Pittsburgh develops an injectable polio vaccine

Front 42

1961

Back 42

Ibuprofen was first synthesized by a team at the Boots Pure Drug Company on December

Front 43

1964

Back 43

Introduction of Adverse Drug Reaction 'yellow card' scheme I response to the thalidomide tragedy of 1961

Front 44

1982

Back 44

Merck Sharp and Dohme introduces the first Hepatitis B vaccine

Front 45

1984

Back 45

FDA approves the drug Retrovir (zidovufine or AZT) , the first medication proven to help treat people infected with HIV/AIDS

Front 46

2001

Back 46

A switch in drug development and research from the traditional way of drug discovery that was isolating molecules form plants or animals or creating new molecules and seeing if they could be useful I the treatment of illnesses in humans, to pharmacogenomics , that is the study of the knowledge of how genes respond to drugs

Front 47

2015

Back 47

President Obama launches the "Precision Medicine Initiative" proposing customization of healthcare , with medical decisions , and/or products being tailored to the individual patient. The project aims to collect genetic and health data from one million subjects

Front 48

According to _ and _ , _() is considered to be the source for all Greek pharmacotherapeutic treatises btn the time of _ and _

Back 48

Edward Kremers, Glenn Sonnedecker, Diocles of Carystus, 4th century BC, Theophrastus and Discoirides

Front 49

From _ and _, the ___ physician ___ wrote a five-volume book, De Materia Medica

Back 49

60, 78 AD, Greek, Pedanius Discoirides

Front 50

The De Materia Medica covered ___ plants

Back 50

600

Front 51

The earliest known Chinese manual on materia medica is the___ dating back to the ___ century. It was compiled during ____ and was attributed to ____.

Back 51

Shennong Bencao Jing ( The divine farmer's herb-root classic), 1st ,Han dynasty , the mythical shennong.

Front 52

Earlier literature of the Shennong Bencao Jing included _ , exemplified by a manuscript,__ found in ___, sealed in ____

Back 52

Lists of prescriptions for specific ailment, "Recipes for 52 ailments" , the Mawangdui, 168 BC

Front 53

In China, 2000 BC , a man called ____ wrote the first _____ or _____ which contained descriptions of _____ plant-based drugs

Back 53

Shen Nung, Pen Tsao, native herbal, 365

Front 54

Stalls and shops selling medicinal goods existed around ____ in the town of ___ on the ____

Back 54

1900 B.C. , Sippara, Euphrates river

Front 55

The earliest recorded shop dealing with sales of Medicines in London was opened in ____

Back 55

1345

Front 56

There is a stone sign for a pharmacy with a ___, ____ and _____ opposite one for a doctor in the ______ in ________

Back 56

Tripod, mortar, pestle, Arcadian way, Ephesus, Turkey

Front 57

In the _ and _ centuries the art of apothecary was developing rapidly in Britain

Back 57

16th , 17th

Front 58

In ____,_____ granted the Apothecaries a royal charter which separated them from the Grocers.

Back 58

1617, King James I

Front 59

The Apothecaries Act was passed in___, after almost __ years of argument

Back 59

1815 , 200

Front 60

The Apothecaries Act enabled apothecaries who took a specified course of training with the ______ to be ______ with the post-nominals _____ and the licentiates practiced in ______

Back 60

Worshipful Society of Apothecaries , lincensed as general practitioners , L.S.A. , London and the provinces.

Front 61

The National Health Service in Britain was founded in ____

Back 61

1948

Front 62

The General Medical Council was established in

Back 62

1858

Front 63

1869

Back 63

Chloral hydrate was introduced as a sleeping aid and sedative

Front 64

1847

Back 64

Chloroform was first used as an anesthetic

Front 65

1847

Back 65

Chloroform was first used as an anesthetic

Front 66

1847

Back 66

Chloroform was first used as an anesthetic

Front 67

1876

Back 67

Methylene blue was synthesized from aniline

Front 68

Phenothiazines were used as ____,____ and____ up to ____

Back 68

Antimalarials antiseptics anti-helminthics 1940

Front 69

1950

Back 69

Chlorpromazine was discovered which began the psychopharmacological revolution