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603 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
“Corrupt bargain”
Election of 1824
McCulloch v. Maryland
Bank of the United States was constitutional
Minstrels
Performers in racist theatrical shows
American System
Political program for economic development
Penny press
Inexpensive newspapers
Spoils system
Getting a job based on party loyalty, not merit
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia
Called Indians “wards” of the federal government
Overseer
Managed slaves in the field
Silent sabotage
Poor work and breakage of tools
Peculiar institution
Slavery
Gang labor
Working in the fields side-by-side
Second Middle Passage
Slave trade within the United States
Dorothea Dix
Advocate for the mentally ill
William L. Garrison
The Liberator
David Walker
An Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Organized the Seneca Falls convention
Theodore Weld
Equated slavery with sin
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Margaret Fuller
Woman in the Nineteenth Century
Harriet Martineau
Society in America
During the process of ratifying the Constitution:
two states
Which of the following is NOT a check against presidential power in the Constitution?
The House can remove the president from office after impeaching him.
What was the annuity system involving the U.S. government and certain Indian tribes?
a system under which the federal government gave annual monetary grants to Indians
During the early years of the republic
African-Americans:
Shays’s Rebellion demonstrated to many leading Americans the need for a more central government to ensure private liberty.
True
Which of the following is true of the Virginia Plan?
It proposed a two-house legislature
Who wrote Notes on the State of Virginia?
Thomas Jefferson
George Washington made a significant statement about slavery when he freed his slaves before taking the presidential office.
False
In the 1780s
settlers in western areas such as Tennessee and Kentucky:
Under the Treaty of Greenville of 1795:
twelve Indian tribes ceded most of Ohio and Indiana to the federal government.
The New Jersey Plan proposed a single-house legislature
which gave each state one vote.
Which of the following was a consequence of the Seven Years’ War?
strengthened pride among American colonists about being part of the British empire
The French and Indian War began because some American colonists felt that:
France was encroaching on land claimed by the Ohio Company.
In the Chesapeake region
slavery:
In the 1700s
the militarily-strong West African nations of Ashanti and Dahomey refused to participate in the slave trade.
Which of the following is a true statement about the Atlantic slave trade’s effect in West Africa?
It helped lead to the rise of militarized states in West Africa
Most slaves in eighteenth century British America had been born in the colonies.
False
What was the primary purpose of the Proclamation of 1763?
to bring stability to the colonial frontier
The most successful colonial governors:
used their appointive powers and control of land grants to win allies in colonial legislatures.
Which of the following is NOT true of the Great Awakening?
Its more subdued style of preaching appealed to a wider audience than the older
The language of British liberty:
was used by humble members of society as well as by the elite.
In the portrait of Olaudah Equiano in his book
Equiano holds a:
Which of the following is true of the Louisiana Purchase?
Jefferson expected the land acquisition to make possible the spread of agrarian republicanism.
Which of the following is NOT true of the presidential election of 1800?
Thomas Jefferson’s victory in the New England states proved to be key to his election.
George Washington wore the finest English clothes at his first inauguration.
False
What was unusual about the Embargo Act of 1807?
It stopped all American vessels from sailing to foreign ports—an amazing use of federal power
The Battle of Washington
D.C.
Acre for acre
the Louisiana Purchase was not a bargain.
Jay’s Treaty abandoned any American alliance with Britain by positioning the United States close to France.
False
Which of the following led directly to the formation of an organized political party opposed to the Federalist Party?
Jay’s Treaty
Gabriel’s Rebellion:
demonstrated that the slaves were as aware of the idea of liberty as anyone else.
John Adams’s acceptance of defeat in 1800 established the vital precedent of a peaceful transfer of power from a defeated party to its successor.
True
When Andrew Jackson had the chance to obtain African-American help to fight the British in the Battle of New Orleans
he:
New Netherland never became an important or sizable colony in the Dutch empire.
True
The work of farmers’ wives and daughters often spelled the difference between a family’s self-sufficiency and poverty.
True
What sparked a new period of colonial expansion for England in the mid seventeenth century?
the restoration of the monarchy in 1660
William Penn obtained the land for his Pennsylvania colony because:
the king wanted to cancel his debt to the Penn family and bolster the English presence in North America.
The cities were the most rapidly growing region in North America by the mid–eighteenth century.
False
Slavery flourished in Brazil and the West Indies in the seventeenth century because of tobacco.
False
Elizabeth Sprigs
an indentured servant in Maryland
Once Massachusetts became a royal colony in 1691:
it was required to abide by the English Act of Toleration
What inspired the 1715 uprising by the Yamasee and Creek peoples against English colonists in Carolina?
high debts incurred by the Yamasee and Creek in trade with the English settlers
English settlers in New York demanded their rights over their former Dutch rulers through the Charter of Liberties.
True
A consequence of Bacon’s Rebellion was a consolidation of power among Virginia’s elite.
True
When Europeans arrived
many Native Americans:
The transatlantic flow of people and goods such as corn
potatoes
The Spanish justified their claim to land in the New World through all of the following EXCEPT:
defeating the English fleet in 1588.
In 1608
Samuel de Champlain founded:
Which one of the following is true of religion in seventeenth-century Europe?
Religious uniformity was thought to be essential to public order.
Bartolomé de Las Casas argued that Indians:
should enjoy “all guarantees of liberty and justice” as subjects of Spain.
Columbus was Spanish.
False
The Columbian Exchange was:
the transatlantic flow of plants
Which one of the following is true about Native Americans and material wealth?
Chiefs were expected to share some of their goods rather than hoard them.
Both the Aztec and Inca empires were:
large
Which one of the following statements about Spanish America is true?
Over time
The Olive Branch Petition:
was addressed to King George III and reaffirmed American loyalty to the crown.
Violent social turmoil in rural areas during the 1760s:
involved events in both northern and southern colonies.
All of the following are true of the Declaration of Independence EXCEPT:
its arguments made it a uniquely American document with little relevance to other nations.
During the Revolutionary War
tensions between backcountry farmers and wealthy planters:
The Sugar Act alarmed colonists
in part because it:
Thomas Paine’s Common Sense:
argued that America would become the home of freedom and “an asylum for mankind.”
The expulsion of the journalist John Wilkes from his seat in Parliament:
symbolized the threat to liberty for many in both Britain and America.
James Chalmers
the Loyalist and member of Maryland’s planter elite
American leaders viewed the British Empire as an association of equals.
True
Which of the following is TRUE of the soldiers who fought for American independence?
During the war’s later years
The Quebec Act:
granted religious toleration to Catholics in Canada.
In spite of the revolutionary rhetoric of freedom
indentured servitude was still widely practiced in the northern states by 1800.
What settlement in Africa did the British establish for former slaves from the United States?
Sierra Leone
Approximately how many free Americans remained loyal to the British during the war?
20 to 25 percent
As a result of the religious freedom created by the Revolution:
upstart churches began challenging the well-established churches.
Who was Phillis Wheatley?
a poet who wrote about how African-Americans felt about freedom
Thomas Jefferson’s declaration that “all men are created equal” did not radically alter society.
False
Republican motherhood encouraged:
greater educational opportunities for women.
For which three accomplishments did Thomas Jefferson wish to be remembered?
the Declaration of Independence
Because Americans were preoccupied with war
religious liberty was a rather peripheral issue in the 1770s and 1780s.
Which state’s constitution granted suffrage to all “inhabitants” who met a property qualification
allowing property-owning women to vote until an 1807 amendment limited suffrage to males?
Why did apprenticeship and indentured servitude decline after the Revolution?
The lack of freedom inherent in apprenticeship and indentured servitude struck growing numbers of Americans as incompatible with republican citizenship.
Opechancanough:
mounted a surprise attack in 1622 that wiped out one-quarter of Virginia’s settlers.
Which one of the following is true of poverty in seventeenth-century Great Britain?
About half of the population lived at or below the poverty line by the end of the seventeenth century.
In what ways was Puritan church membership a restrictive status?
Full membership required demonstrating that one had experienced divine grace.
During the English political upheaval between 1640 and 1660:
new religious sects began demanding the end of public financing and special privileges for the Anglican Church.
Why did the Pilgrims flee the Netherlands?
They felt that the surrounding culture was corrupting their children.
Growing connections with Europeans lessened warfare between Indian tribes.
False
Roger Williams imagined Rhode Island as a feudal domain.
False
Under English law
married women held many legal rights and privileges.
How did Richard Hakluyt explain his claim that there was a connection between freedom and colonization?
English colonization would save the New World from Spanish tyranny.
In Puritan marriages:
reciprocal affection and companionship were the ideal.
Which one of the following lists these colonies in the proper chronological order by the dates they were founded
from the earliest to the latest?
The chief goal of fifteenth-century Portuguese expansion was
the establishment of a trading empire in Asia.
A significant outcome of the Portuguese arrival in West Africa was
an expansion of Africa's internal slave trade.
Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence?
Cortés's conquest of the Aztecs-Las Casas's Destruction of the In-dies- Spanish abolition of Indian enslavement
Which of the following was not a feature of Native American civilization prior to the voyages of Columbus?
Large cities were unknown to the Americas.
Which of the following was not a significant motivation behind European coloniza-tion in the New World?
the spread of democracy to the Americas
Which of the following was not a notable feature of sixteenth-century Spanish America?
The Spanish crown took little interest in the administration of colonial affairs.
Which of the following was not a prominent cultural belief among Indian societies of North America?
Only holders of property should take part in tribal governance.
Which of the following European countries did not have a colonial presence in seventeenth-century North America?
Germany
In European exploration
conquest
Which was not a characteristic of American Indians?
There were four different tribes in the Americas.
At the time of first contact between Europeans and Native Americans
Native Americans had not developed
Which is not an achievement of the Indians of North America in the thousands of years before Columbus's arrival?
People in present-day Arizona constructed a large circle of red-earthen boulders.
Which of the following was a characteristic or action of the Pueblo Indians of the Southwest?
They diverted the Colorado River as part of their ritualistic ancestor worship.
Which was not an aspect of Native American religious beliefs?
Their written religious text was called the Wicca.
Which was not a characteristic of "coverture"?
Children became the property of the state upon a husband's death.
The first African slaves were transported to the New World in what year?
1502
Which was not a means by which Cortez conquered the Aztecs?
He bombarded the Aztec capital from his Spanish galleons.
Which was not expressed by Bartolome de Las Casas in A Very Brief Account of the Destruction of the Indes in 1552?
He believed that Indians ought to be allowed to continue to practice their native faiths as a true sign of Christian love and toleration.
The oldest site in the present-day United States to be continuously inhabited by Europeans is
St. Augustine
The freedom of a Christian man or woman meant/means
subservience
In the 1500s and 1600s
the Spanish in Central and South America relied on many of which of the following groups to work fields and mines?
The reconquista happened in
1492.
In which country did the reconquista occur?
Spain
During the Pueblo Revolt
which of the following names was ordered to never be spoken again?
Who were the Peninsulares?
persons of European birth
Who were the mestizos?
persons of mixed Spanish and Indian origin
Prior to 1800
the largest settled community in what is now the United States was
Which of these crops did not form the basis of Native American agriculture?
wheat
At the time of Portugal's Atlantic exploration
the economies of West Africa were organized chiefly around slavery.
The trans-Atlantic voyages of Columbus were sponsored by Spain, which had just achieved its own territorial unification.
True
The trans-Atlantic voyages of Columbus were sponsored by Spain, which had just achieved its own territorial unification.
True
A strong immunity to European diseases strengthened Indian resistance to the conquistadors.
False
Spanish settlers in the New World comprised a mix of laborers, soldiers, priests, bureaucrats, craftsmen, and professionals.
True
Black families
"Once freed
The Freedman's Bureau
"An agency established by Congress in March 1865 to establish schools- provide aid to the poor and aged- settle disputes between whites and blacks and secure for former slaves and white Unionists equal treatment before the courts."
Sharecropping
"Type of farm tenancy that developed after the Civil War in which landless worker”often former slaves farmed land in exchange for farm supplies and a share of the crop."
Crop-lien system
"Merchants extended credit to tenants based on their future crops but high interest rates and the uncertainties of farming often led to inescapable debts."
Black Codes
"Laws passed in southern states to restrict the rights of former slaves- to nullify the codes- Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866 and the Fourteenth Amendment."
Civil Rights Bill of 1866
"Along with the Fourteenth Amendment- guaranteed the rights of citizenship to former slaves."
Fourteenth Amendment
"Guaranteed rights of citizenship to former slaves- in words similar to those of the Civil Rights Act of 1866."
''swing around the circle''
"A speaking tour of the North taken by Andrew Johnson to urge voters to elect members of Congress committed to his own Reconstruction program."
''waving the bloody shirt''
"A tactic of Republicans whereby they identified their opponents with secession and treason."
Fifteenth Amendment
"Prohibited states from denying citizens the right to vote because of race."
Literacy tests
"A method used to exclude uneducated blacks from voting."
Bradwell v. Illinois
"A decision rebuffing the claim that the written legal code and Constitution gave women equal rights."
Carpetbaggers and scalawags
"Derisive term for northern emigrants who participated in the Republican governments of the Reconstruction South- Southern white Republicans some former Unionists who supported Reconstruction governments."
Enforcement Acts
"Three acts outlawing terrorist societies and allowing the president to use the army against them."
Civil Rights Act of 1875
"Outlawed racial discrimination in places of public accommodation like hotels and theaters."
Slaughterhouse Cases
"A decision that rejected the claim by butchers that their right to equality before the law had been violated."
Redeemers
"Conservative white Democrats many of them planters or businessmen who reclaimed control of the South following the end of Reconstruction."
Bargain of 1877
"In the aftermath of a close presidential election an Electoral Commission declared Rutherford B. Hayes president contingent a variety of compromises and agreements upon his taking office."
During the Adams presidency
Thomas Jefferson opposed the suppression of political dissent by federal government—but not by state government.
The "Revolution of 1800" was against the French.
False
The democratic ferment of the 1790s drew much inspiration from the French Revolution and British radicalism.
True
The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions condemned state laws against seditious speech.
False
President Thomas Jefferson refused to purchase the Louisiana Territory because it was an affront to his strict constructionist view of the Constitution
but Congress overrode his veto in purchasing the Louisiana Territory.
Jefferson was the first president to begin his term in Washington
D.C.
The Haitian Revolution and Gabriel's rebellion convinced large numbers of white southerners that slavery had to go.
False
One of Lewis and Clark’s tasks was to record information about the flora and fauna they encountered.
True
Lewis and Clark were guided by Pocahontas across the Bitterroot Mountains.
False
The Shawnee brothers Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa led the way in promoting Indian adoption of white customs.
False
In 1792
Mary Wollstonecraft published A Vindication of the Rights of Women in response to Thomas Paine’s Rights of Man.
In the Revolution of 1800
Thomas Jefferson led a coup against the administration of John Quincy Adams.
No one was ever convicted under the 1798 Alien and Sedition Acts.
False
The Virginia and Kentucky resolutions put forth the idea of secession.
False
The discoveries made by Lewis and Clark on their expedition through the West persuaded Jefferson to go ahead with the Louisiana Purchase.
False
Jefferson's embargo on U.S. exports proved an economic disaster for American port towns.
True
The main target of the Sedition Act was the British.
False
The Embargo of 1807 set the stage for vast economic prosperity in the United States.
False
In consequence of the December 1814 Hartford Convention
the Federalist Party grew in strength and vigor
The Barbary Wars were the United States’ first contact with the Islamic World.
True
In 1798
the United States was involved in a "quasi-war" with Spain.
Alexander Hamilton shot Aaron Burr in a hunting accident.
False
The War of 1812 was ended only after the British pledged to cease the impressment of American sailors.
False
James Madison
the "father of the Constitution
Jefferson barely won the election of 1804.
False
The Haitian Revolution renewed fears of a slave rebellion in the United States.
True
The Whiskey Rebellion reinforced Federalist beliefs in the need for a strong standing army.
True
Why would the 1790s be described as an "age of passion" as one historian put it?
Political parties developed due to sharp divisions in ideas about how the country should be governed and political rhetoric became inflamed with one party criticizing the other parties' loyalties to the ideals that brought on the American Revolution.
Alexander Hamilton
Secretary of the Treasury in 1790 and 1791 who developed a controversial financial plan. He was considered a Federalist long with George Washington
What was Hamilton's long-term goal with regard to American Finance?
Hamilton wanted to make the US a major commercial and military power (modeled after Great Britain)
What were the 5 parts to Hamilton's proposed program?
1) Bonds to be bought by individuals (loan money to gov't) and this money used to pay off federal and state war debts
Why were many Americans nervous about Hamilton's proposal for a "national army?"
They feared the gov't becoming too powerful.
Why were many people (led by Jefferson and Madison mainly) alarmed by Hamilton's proposal?
*They felt it was too much like Britain who we just won our independence from.
In what part of the country was most of the opposition to Hamilton's Proposal located?
The more agricultural South
What were the results of the Jefferson-Hamilton Bargain (as brokered by Jefferson)?
1) No subsidies provided to manufacturers (extra monies)
What impact did the French Revolution have on the US with regard to the formation of political parties?
There was a great divide due to disagreement as to we supported. Jefferson and his followers supported France (because they were inspired by us) while others led by Washington and Hamilton
What were some of the issues that the Federalists had with John Jay's Treaty?
1) the Brits never had to make any concessions about messing with our sailors (impressment)
What sharpened political divisions in the US and led directly to the formation of an organized opposition party?
John Jay's Treaty
Federalists
Made up of mostly rich folk like bankers
The only major party in American history to proclaim democracy and freedom dangerous in the hands of ordinary citizens
Federalists (Hamilton
Describe the events of the 1794 Whiskey Rebellion.
Backcountry PA farmers sought to block collection of the new tax on distilled spirits. Pres. Washington accompanied 13
Republicans
Led by Madison and Jefferson
What did both parties accuse each other of?
Each charged the other with betraying the principles of the War of Indepence and of American freedom.
What enabled ordinary citizens to become more involved in the politics of the day?
More and more citizens attended political meetings and read pamphlets and newspapers. More post offices were established and the American press experienced rapid growth
Which president reflected the views of the Federalists when he said
"The government
What groups believed that political liberty meant not simply voting at elections
but constant involvement in public affairs.
What did the Democratic-Republican Societies ultimately do for the common man before they disappeared in 1795?
They helped to legitimize the right of anyone regardless of how much they make
What contributions to the newly forming Republican party did John Burke
Joseph Gales and Thomas Paine make?
British woman who's writing
"A Vindication of the Rights of Woman" made it's way to the US and contributed to the beginnings of a women's movement.
Author of "On Equality of the Sexes" written in 1779 that insisted that women had as much right as men to exercise all their talents and should be allowed equal educational opportunities to allow them to do so.
Judith Murray
Who were the presidential candidates in the election of 1796?
John Adams and Thomas Pinckney (Federalists) vs. Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr (Republicans)
Who was elected the president in 1797 after George Washington resigned from office?
John Adams
What were some of the early problems that Adams dealt with early in his presidency?
Troubles overseas with Britain and France seizing our ships
What thrust freedom of expression to the center of dicussions of American liberty?
The Sedition Act
The Virginia Resolution (written by Madison) and the Kentucky Resolution (written by Jefferson) both attacked the Sedition Act claiming that it was unconstitutional and violated what Amendment?
The first Amendment--freedom of speech.
Who was the radical author of "Rights of Man?"
Thomas Paine
Who won the presidency in 1800?
Thomas Jefferson
What political party had major support in New England?
The Federalists
How did the Republicans build their support/following?
political meetings
What was the major overall result of the events of the the 1790s as far as Americans and politics are concerned?
The events demonstrated that a majority of Americans believed ordinary people had a right to play an active role in politics
What enabled Jefferson to win the election in 1800 against John Adams?
The counting of slaves (3/5) in apportionment
What famous statesman brought the issue of slavery & emancipation before the very first Congress under the new Constitution?
Benjamin Franklin - president of the Pennsylvania Abolition Society at the time
Fugitive Slave Law
1793 law providing for federal and state judges and local officials to facilitate the return of escaped slaves.
Toussaint L'Ouverture
Well-educated slave who organized the rebellious slaves in Haiti into an army that was able to defeat British forces and keep the French from attempting to reestablish French authority. As a result
"The Haitian Revolution"
Inspired hopes for freedom among slaves in the US.
What impact/effect did the Haitian Revolution have on many white Americans?
Former slaveowners/whites fleeing Haiti told stories of massacres and burnings of plantations. This spread fear among whites.
Gabriel's Rebellion
He and his conspirators plotted to march on Richmond
According to Viginian George Tucker what did Gabriel's Rebellion demonstrate?
that slaves possessed a love of freedom as fully as other men and that they grew to claim freedom as a righ.
What were the results in Richmond of Gabriel's rebellion (with regard to gaining freedom)?
The legislature tightened controls over the black population by making it illegal to gather on Sundays without white supervision and put restrictions on masters voluntarily freeing their slaves.
What were some of Jefferson's main goals he spoke of in his inaugural address when he took office in 1801?
Reduce the federal government
What important court case established Judicial Review?
Marbury v. Madison
What ruling did Chief Justice Marshall make with regard to Marbury v. Madison?
He declared that the Judiciary Act of 1789 requiring an executive official to deliver judge's commission NOT in keeping with the constitution. As a result Marbury did not recieve his commission--Jefferson got his way. Beginning of Judicial Review.
Judicial Review
The act of evaluating legislation/laws to ensure that they abide by or are in keeping with the constitution.
Fletcher v. Peck
extended judicial reiew to state laws
Known as Jefferson's greatest achievement.
The Louisiana Purchase
What enabled Jefferson's Louisiana Purchase to take place?
the slave rebellion of Saint Domingue weakened France's position in the US and Napoleon Bonaparte wanted money to fund his military campaigns in Europe.
How much was the Louisiana territory purchased for?
$15 million
Why did Jefferson desire to purchase the Louisiana territory?
He was afraid that the French might try to interfere with American commerce and wanted unchallenged access to the port of New Orleans.
Purchase that doubled the size of the US and ended French presence in North America.
Louisiana Purchase
Why were Federalists upset with the Louisiana Purchase?
They argued that we paid too much money for land which we already had too much of.
What did Jefferson and Madison mean by 'extend the sphere?"
They meant that the large size of the republic made self-government possible (more land for farming--chiefly agrarian character of the US that they supported)
Explorers sent by Jefferson to study the Louisiana territory's plants
animal life and geography and to discover how the region could be exploited economically
What was Jefferson hoping Lewis and Clark would find and do on their expedition?
Discover a water route to the Pacific Ocean (a Northwest Passage that could facilitate commerce with Asia) and establish trading relations with western Indians
What were the results of the very successful Lewis and Clark expedition?
A very large amount of information about the region as well as plant and animal specimens. Also demonstrated the possiblity of overland travel to the Pacific coast. Help to strengthen idea that Amer. territory was destined to reach all the way to Pacific
What was life like for blacks in the New Orleans area prior to the Louisiana Purchase with regard to their freedom?
Spain and France made it much easier for slaves to gain their freedom and have the same rights as whites. Slaves there had many protections and slave women even the right to go to court for protection agains cruelty or rape by their owners.
How did things change for blacks in Louisiana after the purchase?
free blacks suffered a steady decline in status and local legislature adopted slave codes in the South that forbid black to 'ever consider themselves the equal of whites." They were worse off as part of the "liberty-loving US"
What was the cause of the Barbary Wars?
Pirates from the Barbary states on the northern coast of Africa captured American ships and held sailors captive for ransom. Jefferson refused to continue paying. The Pasha of Tripoli declared war on the US. The US won with a victory at Tripoli harbor
What event marked the first US encounter with the Islamic world?
The Barbary Wars
What did Jefferson's Embargo do?
It enforced a ban on ships going to foreign ports. Results were that it devastated economies of American port cities with NO affect on Britain or France.
Non-Intercourse Act
banned trade only with Britain and France but provided that if either side recinded its edicts against American shipping
Macon's Bill No. 2
opened trade with britain and france
Who favored removal of American Indians from tribal lands to land west of the Mississippi?
Thomas Jefferson
Assimilation
People of different cultures come to realize they are a part of a larger national family. It is when a group of people is integrated into a bigger group or society
How did Indians respond to demands to assimilate?
Some embraced assimilation and this infurioriated nativists who wanted to resist further white presence on Indian land.
"The Age of Prophecy" among Indians
Movements for the revitalization of Indian life
Handsome Lake of the Seneca
Indian who believed that Indians could regain their autonomy without directly challenging whites or repudiating all white ways
Tecumseh
Called for all Indians to unite as one people and attach American frontier settlements. He believed that the lands were rightfully theirs and criticized chiefs who sold their lands.
Tenskwatawa
religious prophet who called for complete separation from whites
What contributed to the coming of the War of 1812?
Reports that the British were encouraging Tecumseh's efforts
When was the first time the US declared war on another country?
The war of 1812
How was the War of 1812 a "two-front struggle?"
The battle was against the British and against the Indians
Who won the War of 1812?
It was essentially a military draw even though our country's capital was burned by the Brits
What were some of the results of the war for Indians?
Andrew Jackson required that Indians cede (give up) more than half their land to the federal gov't. He also killed over 800 Indians
What was signed ending the War of 1812?
The Treaty of Ghent (1814) restored the previous status quo (made things as they were prior to the war)
What were the results of the War of 1812 for the US?
Completed the conquest of the area east of the Mississippi
What were some of the causes of the end of the Federalist party?
Their anti-war stance
Thomas Jefferson - 2
drafted the ordinance which est. stages of self-gov. for the west; "Notes on the State of Virginia" (claimed blacks lacked American loyalty)
Daniel Shays - 2
vet from War of Independence; led crowds of debt-ridden farmers to close courts in order to save land (Shay's Rebellion)
James Bowdoin - 2
Gov. of Massachusetts; felt no sympathy for Shay's Rebellers
James Madison - 5
Virginian; "Father of the Constitution"; presented the Virginia plan (two house legislature); proposed to allow congress to veto laws; presented Bill of Rights
Alexander Hamilton - 2
youthful leader of nationalists from West Indies; proposed president and senate serve life terms
John Marshall - 1
Chief Justice of Supreme Court
George Washington - 2
held Constitutional meetings; was presiding officer
George Mason - 1
author of Virginia's Declaration of Rights in 1776
Governor Morris - 1
one of Pennsylvania's delegates who was swayed by threats
John Jay - 2
missed American "free air" while on a diplomatic mission in Spain; contributor for "The Federalists"
Publius - 1
pen name for Hamilton
Melancton Smith - 1
member of congress who warned that the Constitution would cause oppression
James Lincoln - 2
anti-federalist; "what is liberty?"
George Bryan - 2
supporter of ratification; "Golden Phantom"
Henry Knox - 2
Secretary of War; hoped for minimal warfare with Indians
Little Turtle - 1
leader of Miami Confederacy
Arthur St. Clair - 1
American governor of NW territory
Anthony Wayne - 1
leader of troops who defeated Little Turtle's forces
Hector St. John Crevecoeur - 2
"Letters from an American Farmer" (illustrated process of black exclusion): popularized "melting pot"
Benjamin Banneker - 1
free black who taught himself mathematics
Sally Hemings - 1
slave of Jefferson's
Two Treatises of Government
Written by John Locke around 1680
''deference''
The assumption among ordinary people that wealth
''salutary neglect''
A policy adopted by British governments that left the colonies largely to govern themselves.
Circulating libraries
Establishments that made possible wider dissemination of knowledge
Freedom of expression
Generally not considered one of the ancient rights of Englishmen
Freedom of the press
Viewed as dangerous by both American and European governments.
Seditious libel
A crime that included defaming government officials in published works.
American Enlightenment
Revolution in thought in the eighteenth century that emphasized reason and science over the authority of traditional religion.
Great Awakening
Fervent religious revival movement in the 1720s through the 1740s that was spread throughout the colonies by ministers like New England Congregationalist Jonathan Edwards and English revivalist George Whitefield.
Presidios
Spanish military outposts in Texas.
Father Junipero Serra
A controversial figure who founded the first California mission in San Diego in 1769.
''middle ground''
The area between European empires and Indian sovereignty that contained intermixed villages of settlers and tribes.
Acadians
French residents of Nova Scotia expelled by the British.
Pontiac's Rebellion
A revolt against British rule in 1763 by Indians of the Ohio Valley and Great Lakes.
Neolin
A Delaware religious prophet whose teachings contributed to Pontiac's Rebellion.
Albany Plan of Union
Drafted by Benjamin Franklin in 1754
envisioned the creation of a Grand Council composed of delegates from each colony
with the power to levy taxes and deal with Indian relations and common defense.
Stono Rebellion
An uprising in South Carolina by slaves that led to a severe tightening of the slave code and the temporary imposition of a prohibitive tax on imported slaves.
Republicanism
Political theory in eighteenth-century England and America that celebrated active participation in public life by economically independent citizens as central to freedom.
Virtue
Defined in the eighteenth century as both a personal moral quality but also the willingness to subordinate self-interest to the pursuit of the public good.
Liberalism
Originally
in the twentieth century
belief in an activist government promoting greater social and economic equality.
''task'' system"
A system whereby individual slaves were assigned daily jobs
Creoles
Persons born in the New World of European ancestry.
Gullah
A language that mixed various African roots that was mostly unintelligible to whites.
Runaways
Escaped slaves seeking freedom from their owners.
The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano
An autobiography of an freed slave that gives insight into slave life and challenges many period stereotypes towards blacks.
Atlantic slave trade
The systematic importation of African slaves from their native continent across the Atlantic Ocean to the New World
Middle Passage
The voyage of slaves across the Atlantic.
The leading promoter of the Great Awakening was
George Whitefield.
British governance of colonial America during the first half of the eighteenth century was shaped by a policy of
"salutary neglect."
Which of the following was not a regional pattern of colonial slavery?
In the colonial back country
Which of the following was not a feature of slave life in colonial America?
Under the oppressions of slavery
Which of the following is not a valid comparison of the eighteenth-century ideas of "republicanism" and "liberalism"?
Each condemned material inequality as incompatible with freedom.
Which of the following was not an important trend in colonial politics during the first half of the 1700s?
elimination of property qualifications for voting and officeholding
Which of the following was not a defining feature of the Great Awakening?
an insistence that one's spiritual destiny—be it salvation or damnation—could not be affected by one's actions in life
Which of the following was not a significant effect of the Seven Years' War?
Pontiac's Rebellion
Olaudah Equiano was
all of the above (a slave who purchased his freedom-a sailor in the Royal Navy-able to read and write.)
Which was not an element in the Triangular Trade?
Tea and luxury goods were shipped to Britain from Asia.
Cheap imported textiles undermined traditional craft production
while guns encouraged the further growth of slavery" in Africa
Which was not true of the Middle Passage?
Seventy percent of slaves were destined for North America.
By the mid-1700s
which was not one of the distinct well-established slave systems in Britain's mainland colonies?
The main crop worked by the "task" system in eighteenth-century South Carolina was
rice.
What percentage of the populations of New York and New Jersey in the 1770s were made up of slaves?
10 percent
Which was not the case for blacks on South Carolina and Georgia rice plantations?
Many were free blacks.
Slaves killed nine whites in a 1712 slave uprising in
New York City
The Stono Rebellion in South Carolina
was a slave revolt.
In the eighteenth century
the British Constitution—the unwritten groundwork of British freedom—celebrated all of the following except
Which was not a part of "Republicanism" —the central element in the British ideology of liberty—in the eighteenth century?
the view that Lockean liberalism was essential to the good society.
During the 1700s
voting in the colonies was restricted to
During the first half of the eighteenth century British "salutary neglect"
left the colonies to largely govern themselves.
Founded in 1727- The Junto was
a club that discussed literature-philosophy- science and politics.
The view that reason alone was capable of establishing the essentials of religion and that outdated superstitions included belief in the revealed truth of the Bible and miracles was called
Arminianism.
The movement that sought to apply the scientific method of careful investigation based on research and experiment to politics and social life was called
the Enlightenment.
In Jonathan Edwards's view what was a sinner's only hope?
a "new birth" in which they became devout Christians
The military outposts established by the Spanish in California and New Mexico were called
presidios.
The country whose trading posts ringed British mainland colonies to the North and West in the eighteenth century was
France.
The Seven Years' War (called the French and Indian War in the colonies) was fought between
the British and French.
During Pontiac's Rebellion
Neolin
The Proclamation Line of 1763
prohibited further colonial settlement west of the Appalachian mountains.
The Paxton Boys
were Scotch-Irish farmers who set out to attack Indians near Philadelphia.
The Albany Plan of Union of 1754
envisioned a council of all the colonies for their common defense
The exchange of goods among Spanish colonists
French colonists
As Britain's global power expanded
British patriotism actually declined.
Britons and colonists tended to regard themselves as the freest people in the world.
True
Eighteenth-century liberalism drew heavily upon the thinking of the philosopher John Locke.
True
By the middle of the eighteenth century
most elections were fiercely contested throughout the American colonies.
Topic: American Enlightenment
True
During the eighteenth century
both Spain and France steadily lost interest in their North American empires.
In the Ohio Valley (the "middle ground")
the Iroquois were known for their ability to play the French and British empires against each other.
England and Scotland were united in 1707 by the Act of Union to create Great Britain.
True
During the course of the 1700s the colonies increasingly grew apart from the British empire.
False
Freedom and slavery simultaneously expanded in the course of the eighteenth century as both the idea of the freeborn Englishman grew and the Atlantic slave trade expanded.
True
By the eighteenth century northern colonies were free of slavery.
False
Most African rulers took part in the Atlantic slave trade.
True
Almost all African slaves in the eighteenth century came from the same African tribe.
False
In eighteenth-century Britain the ideologies of "Republicanism" and "Liberalism" both underscored the importance of private property as a foundation of freedom.
True
In the eighteenth century only five percent of adult men in Britain could vote but between 50 and 80 percent of adult white males in the colonies could vote.
True
The Great Awakening was a religious movement that called colonists to awaken to the truth of the divinity of Jesus Christ.
True
According to the English minister George Whitefield people could participate in their own salvation through their own actions- they were not- as predominant Protestant religions had traditionally held- unable to affect their destiny.
True
During the Great Awakening of the eighteenth century most colonial slave owners who proclaimed their Christian faith freed their slaves after concluding that blacks and whites were brothers in Christ.
False
The Great Awakening principally awakened (or re-awakened) colonists to faith in Christianity
and it also
By the 1700s the population of Spanish North America was small
consisting of a few isolated urban clusters in Florida Texas and New Mexico.
Indians who lived in the Catholic missions established by Father Junipero Serra in California generally lived happy healthy free and long lives.
False
Mexico won independence from Spain in 1821.
True
George Washington
a British soldier
. As a consequence of British victory in the Seven Years' War Britain not only won control of Canada but also gained control of India.
True
An irony of the 1763 British victory in the Seven Years' War is that victory ultimately contributed to Britain's loss of its mainland American colonies since in seeking to pay for the Seven Years' War the British government raised taxes on American colonists who protested taxation without representation.
True
Sons of Liberty (1765) were said to oppose "every limitation of trade and duty on it." In this context define "duty":
tax
During the 1760s
backcountry protesters in the Carolinas were known as:
What did the 1766 Declaratory Act declare?
that Parliament had the power to pass laws for the colonies "in all cases whatever"
The British imposed a direct tax (also called an "internal tax") for the first time on colonists with the:
Stamp Act.
Which was not part of the Boston Tea Party?
John Adams was sent to prison on December 17
Following the Boston Tea Party
Parliament imposed restrictions on Massachusetts that included closing the port of Boston
Which of the following was not a feature of the Stamp Act crisis of 1765?
The Stamp Act was passed by the Stamp Act Congress as a way to subvert the power of Parliament to tax the colonies.
When colonists insisted that because they were not represented in Parliament they could not be taxed by the British government
the British replied that they were represented by:
Which of the following was not a feature of the 1774 Intolerable Acts?
the repression of Catholicism in the colonies
What two European powers allied with the Americans in the War for Independence?
France and Spain
The Declaration of Independence:
declared the United States independent of British rule.
Which of the following was not a part of the balance of power between the British and American forces during the Revolution?
The British public was ambivalent over a war to retain the colonies; the American public was united behind a war for independence.
Thomas Paine's January 1776 pamphlet Common Sense argued all of the following EXCEPT:
It was common sense that in the struggle for independence the slaves to whom Lord Dunmore offered freedom ought to be freed.
The tactics of American resistance to British colonial policy from the mid-1760s through the mid-1770s included:
All of the above. (boycotts on the importation of British goods
mass demonstrations in the port towns
speeches and pamphlets challenging Britain's right to tax its colonial subjects.)
The Daughters of Liberty were:
women who spun and wove cloth at home so as not to purchase British goods during the 1768 Townshend Duties boycott.
The idea that the United States has a special mission to serve as a symbol of freedom
a refuge from tyranny
What did the Sugar Act of 1764 that so vexed the colonists do to the already existing tax on molasses imported from the French West Indies?
it decreased it.
Committees of Correspondence in the colonies during the 1760s:
were a group of colonial elites who exchanged ideas and information about resistance to the Sugar
Georg 3rd
became king of England at age 22
Pontiac
Ottawa chief
Patrick Henry
Fiery partriot
Charles Townshend
Britain's chancellor of the exchequer
Lord North
Prime minister of Great Britain from 1770 to 1782
John Hancock
A wealthy Boston merchant
Samuel Adams
Boston patriot
formed the committees of correspondence
called the mass meeting immediately prior to the Bost Tea Party and was a delegate of the First and Second Continental Congress
Paul Revere
Boston silversmith and partriot
John Adams
Boston lawyer and political philosopher
Thomas Paine
English immigrant called of American independence in his widely read pamphlet
Thomas Jefferson
Virginia patriot and political philosopher was the primary author of the Declaration of Independance
Lord Cornwallis
a leading british general during the Revoltuionary War
John Burgoyne
led 6
Horatio Gates
american general was credited with the key victory at Saratoga in 1777
Nathaniel Greene
George Washington's most skill full and knowlegdable general
Loyal Nine
A group of merchants and craftsmen who had taken the lead in opposing the Stamp Act.
''virtual representation''
A doctrine which stated that the House of Commons represented all residents of the British empire
writs of assistance
One of the colonies’ main complaints against Britain
Sugar Act
Introduced in 1764 by Prime Minister George Grenville
Committees of Correspondence
Groups that communicated with those in other colonies to encourage opposition to the Sugar and Currency acts.
Sons of Liberty
Organizations formed by Samuel Adams
Regulators
Groups of backcountry Carolina settlers who protested colonial policies.
Boston Massacre
Clash between British soldiers and a Boston mob
Crispus Attucks
A mixed Indian-African white colonist who died in the Boston Massacre and was hailed as the first martyr of the American Revolution.
''Wilkes and Liberty''
A popular rallying cry in both the colonies and Britain in response to the expulsion of John Wilkes from his seat in Parliament.
Boston Tea Party
On December 16
Quebec Act
An act that extended the southern boundary of Quebec to the Ohio River and granted legal toleration to the Roman Catholic Church in Canada.
Suffolk Resolves
A series of resolutions passed by a convention of delegates in Massachusetts that urged Americans to refuse obedience to new laws
Committees of Safety
Groups authorized by Congress to oversee its mandates and to take action against ''enemies of American liberty
Lord Dunmore's proclamation
An offer by the British governor and military commander in Virginia for freedom to any slave who escaped to his lines and bore arms for the king.
Olive Branch Petition
An offer to George III reaffirming Americans' loyalty to the crown and hoping for a ''permanent reconciliation.''
Common Sense
A pamphlet that appeared in January 1776 that attacked the Constitution of England and the principles of hereditary rule and monarchical government.
Declaration of Independence
Document adopted on July 4
drafted by a committee of the Second Continental Congress
including principal writer Thomas Jefferson.
''American exceptionalism''
The belief that the United States has a special mission to serve as a refuge from tyranny
The American Crisis
An essay by Thomas Paine read by George Washington to his troops shortly before crossing the Delaware River.
Valley Forge
The site where Washington's army camped during the frigid winter of 1777-1778.
Benedict Arnold
A former commander under George Washington that defected and almost succeeded in turning over to the British the important fort at West Point on the Hudson River and served valiantly in victories at Fort Ticonderoga and Saratoga.
Treaty of Paris
A treaty that won recognition of American independence
The tactics of American resistance to British colonial policy from the mid-1760s through the mid-1770s included
all of the above.; During the 1760s
The tactics of American resistance to British colonial policy from the mid-1760s through the mid-1770s included
all of the above.
During the 1760s
back-country protesters in the Carolinas were known as
Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence?
Boston Tea Party
Which of the following was not a feature of the Stamp Act crisis of 1765?
The Stamp Act was passed by the Stamp Act Congress as a way to subvert the power of Parliament to tax the colonies.
Which of the following was not a feature of the 1774 Intolerable Acts?
the repression of Catholicism in the colonies
Which of the following does not help explain the electrifying impact of Thomas Paine's Common Sense?
an insistence that America stood ready to supplant Britain as the world's supreme imperial power
Which of the following was not a source of misgivings in the colonies over the prospect of a complete break with Britain?
fear that England's withdrawal from North America would leave the former colonies open to frontier conflict with the Spanish
Which of the following was not a part of the balance of power between the British and American forces during the Revolution?
The British public was ambivalent over a war to retain the colonies
British success in the Seven Years' War contributed to the making of the American Revolution because
the British raised taxes to pay for the debt it incurred during the war.
Which of the following was not a British law forbidding colonial manufacture?
the Molasses Act of 1733
When colonists insisted that because they were not represented in Parliament they could not be taxed by the British government
the British replied that they were represented by
The British imposed a direct tax (also called an "internal tax") for the first time on colonists with the
Stamp Act.
What did the Sugar Act of 1764 that so vexed the colonists do to the already existing tax on molasses imported from the French West Indies?
It decreased it.
Which was not a consequence of the 1765 Stamp Act?
Postal service was restricted to only those willing to obey the law.
Committees of Correspondence in the colonies during the 1760s
were a group of colonial elites who exchanged ideas and information about resistance to the Sugar
Sons of Liberty (1765) were said to oppose "every limitation of trade and duty on it." In this context
define "duty."
What did the 1766 Declaratory Act declare?
Parliament had the power to pass laws for the colonies "in all cases whatever."
The Carolina "Regulators" of the mid-1760s were
a group of wealthy residents of the back country who protested the lack of courts and lack of representation in the colonial governance.
a group of wealthy residents of the back country who protested the lack of courts and lack of representation in the colonial governance.
Coercive or Intolerable Acts.
The First Continental Congress met for
two months.
Thomas Paine's January 1776 pamphlet Common Sense argued all of the following except that
it was common sense that in the struggle for independence
On October 17
1777
What two European powers allied with the Americans in the War for Independence?
France and Spain.
In September 1780
the able American commander ____________ turned traitor to the American cause and almost turned West Point over to the British.
The final decisive victory in the War for Independence was
Cornwallis's defeat at Yorktown.
Who engraved the image of the Boston Massacre which became one of the most influential pieces of political propaganda of the Revolutionary Era?
Paul Revere.
Who was considered "the first martyr" of the American Revolution?
Crispus Attacks.
Which of the founding fathers argued that Parliament had no right to authorize the Writs of Assistance to combat smuggling?
James Otis.
Who was appointed the military commander of the army during the Second Continental Congress?
George Washington.
Which of the following did the Stamp Act affect?
newspapers.
Who won the Revolutionary War?
Americans.
Who was not a member of the American delegation that negotiated the Treaty of Paris?
Samuel Adams
The two southern colonies that did not enroll free blacks and slaves to fight were
South Carolina and Georgia.
Sir Edmund Andros
governor of New York
William Penn
est. Pennsylvania; envisioned a colony for spiritual freedom; colony was a "holy experiment"; his Chain of Friendship helped him gain the trust of Indians
Anthony Johnson
former-slave-turned-slave-owner in Virginia
William Berkley
governor of Virginia for thirty years
Nathanial Bacon
"Bacon's Rebellion" against Berkley; wanted Indians out of colony; burned down Jamestown
Alexander Spotswood
next governor of Virgina; warned planters to be vigilant
Lord Baltimore
Maryland proprietor who restricted the right to vote to only those with 50+ acres of land; Protestant uprising against him failed
King James 2
decreed religious toleration which later resulted in the Toleration Act
Captain Jacob Leisler
est. a Committee of Safety and took control over New York
Elizabeth Sprigs
an indentured servant in Maryland who wrote a letter to her father in England expressing complaints voiced by many other servants
Johannes Hanner
a German immigrant in an 18th century colony who wrote his family of his experiences
Myer Myers
a Jewish silversmith who was one of New York City's most prominent artisans
The colony founded by a leader who hoped women and blacks would be given equality along with all persons was:
Pennsylvania
Which was not an element in Leisler's Rebellion (1689)?
Leisler's success meant French domination of New York.
In the mid-eighteenth century
colonial America's leading commercial port was:
Prior to being taken over by the English in 1664
New York was:
Which of the following was not a major cause of Bacon's Rebellion?
a determination to abolish slavery in Virginia
Which was not part of the Glorious Revolution?
It secured the Catholic succession to the throne of England.
One significant consequence of the Glorious Revolution for the American colonies was:
a renewed sense of entitlement to liberty
Which was not part of the Dominion of New England (1686-88)?
Vermont
Which was not a characteristic view of merchantilism?
A country's imports should exceed its exports.
Eric Foner writes: "The specter of a civil war among whites greatly frightened Virginia's ruling elite." Define "specter":
a ghost
Carolina grew slowly until planters discovered what staple crop?
rice
In 1691
Massachusetts was transformed when a new charter
Which did not characterize free blacks (such as Anthony Johnson) in Virginia and Maryland in the 1600s?
They could not own African slaves.
Which of the following was not a key factor behind the introduction of black slavery in the Chesapeake?
a fear that West Africans
Which was not part of the aftermath of King Phillip's War?
The Iroquois
Which were not a part of the Salem witchcraft trials?
Many were tried on charges of witchcraft
Which of the following was not a theme of seventeenth-century British mercantilism?
Trade should flow freely among all lands
Which of the following was not central to William Penn's vision for his Quaker colony?
a hands-off policy toward private behavior
Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence?
establishment of Dominion of New England; Glorious Revolution in England; Parliamentary Declaration of Rights
When Nathaniel Bacon led a rebellion against the Governor of Virginia
he called for all EXCEPT:
Which is not true regarding King Phillip and King Phillip's War?
Indian tribes fought together under the unified leadership of Metacom.
Pennsylvania's Charter of Liberty:
required persons to affirm Jesus Christ's divinity.
Over the century between 1650 and 1750
the agricultural economies of New England
During the early- to mid-eighteenth century
consumption of manufactured goods penetrated deep into the colonial countryside.
Fourteen women and five men were hanged as witches in the Salem witchcraft trials of 1692.
True
New York was named after King Charles II's brother
James
The rise of black slavery in Virginia developed only gradually
over several generations.
Racism"--the idea that some races are inherently superior to others and entitled to rule over them--was fully developed in seventeenth-century colonial Virginia.
False
By 1750
colonial America had become a land of the very rich and the desperately poor; the in-between ranks of yeomen and craftsmen had all but disappeared.
In the 1700s
ninety percent of colonists in British North America worked farms.
Vastly more people living in the colonies had far greater opportunities--to vote
own land
In the Walking Purchase of 1737
the Lenni Lanape Indians of Pennsylvania lost more land than they had anticipated when Governor James Logan hired a team of runners to mark off the land "a man could walk" in thirty-six hours.
There were no banks in 1700s colonial America
True
The Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina (1669) ended hereditary nobility
and abolished landgraves and caciques
In the mid-1700s
per capita
1775
three-fifths of the English owned no land
Bacon's Rebellion of 1676 was a rebellion over a tax increase on bacon
False
During the eighteenth century British colonies diversified along ethnic and religious lines
True
After 1667
the Virginia House of Burgesses held that Christians could not enslave other Christians
The English word "slave" derives from the word "Slav
" that is
During the first half of the eighteenth century
the flow of non-English migrants to British North America was larger than that of English migrants.
Tituba
who was one of the people accused of being a witch in Salem
In 1678
when the Lords of Trade in England queried the Massachusetts government about how well it was following the Navigation Acts
Under British seventeenth-century Navigation Acts
certain goods produced in the colonies had to be taken in English ships and sold in ports in England.
Virginia's upper class in the 1700s was sometimes called a "cousinocracy."
True
In human history slaves have all been blacks
False
"Husbandry" is defined as the property or state of being a husband
False
In the late seventeenth century
the Iroquois were known for their fierce hatred and courageous fighting against British colonists.
By 1700
almost 2
The Indians' defeat in King Philip's War hastened the introduction of slavery in Carolina.
False
During the eighteenth century
women's work in the rural North grew less taxing and less rigidly defined
In the first half of the eighteenth century low taxes
the lack of a military draft
Slaves showed little inclination to challenge their enslavement in seventeenth- and early eighteenth-century Virginia.
False
Which is not an achievement of the Indians of North America in the thousands of years before Columbus's arrival?
people in present-day Arizona constructed a large circle of red-earthen boulders.
A significant outcome of the Portuguese arrival in West Africa was:
an expansion of Africa's internal slave trade.
Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence?
Cortes's conquest of the Aztecs; Las Casas's Destruction of the Indies; Spanish abolition of Indian enslavement
The English government in the seventeenth century was:
a mixed government in which the power of the king was restrained.
Which of the following European countries did not have a colonial presence in seventeenth-century North America?
Germany
At the time of first contact between Europeans and Native Americans
Native Americans had not developed:
On the eve of the colonization of the New World
which was not the case in Europe?
Which was not a characteristic of American Indians?
There were four different tribes in the Americas
Which of the following was not a significant motivation behind European colonization in the New World?
the spread of democracy to the Americas
The oldest site in the present-day United States to be continuously inhabited by Europeans is:
St. Augustine
Which was not a means by which Cortez conquered the Aztecs?
He bombarded the Aztec capital from his Spanish galleons.
Which was not a characteristic of "couverture"?
Children became the property of the state upon a husband's death.
The first African slaves were transported to the New World in what year?
1502
In the 1500s and 1600s
the Spanish in Central and South America relied on many of which of the following groups to work fields and mines?
Which was not expressed by Bartolome de Las Casas in A Very Brief Account of the Destruction of the Indes in 1552?
He believed that Indians ought to be allowed to continue to practice their native faiths as a true sign of Christian love and toleration.
The freedom of a Christian man or woman meant/means:
subservience
In European exploration
conquest
Which of the following was a characteristic or action of the Pueblo Indians of the Southwest?
They diverted the Colorado River as part of their ritualistic ancestor-worship.
Which of the following was not a prominent cultural belief among Indian societies of North America?
Only holders of property should take part in tribal governance.
Which of the following was not a notable feature of sixteenth-century Spanish America?
The Spanish crown took little interest in the administration of colonial affairs.
Which of the following was not a feature of Native American civilization prior to the voyages of Columbus?
Large cities were unknown to the Americas.
The chief goal of fifteenth-century Portuguese expansion was:
the establishment of a trading empire in Asia.
Which was not an aspect of Native American religious beliefs?
Their written religious text was called the Wicca.
Of the ten million people who crossed the Atlantic Ocean to settle in the Americas in the 328 years from 1492 to 1820 most were white Europeans.
False
In 1493
the Catholic Pope
Horses
cows
In 1537
Pope Paul III decreed Indian slavery ended
When Columbus first sailed to America in 1492
Christian Europe was entirely Catholic; twenty-five years later
In 1492 the population of Europe was greater than that of the Americas.
False
Small-scale slavery in which Indians enslaved other Indians existed in Indian society.
True
The Pueblo Revolt of 1680 was swiftly crushed by Spanish authorities.
False
The trans-Atlantic voyages of Columbus were sponsored by Spain
which had just achieved its own territorial unification.
When the author
Eric Foner
Little contact existed among the diverse Indian societies of North America.
False
Colonial America was a hierarchical society in which some European colonists were indentured servants
Indians were held in forced labor
At the time of first contact with the Europeans
perhaps 12
At the time of Portugal's Atlantic exploration
the economies of West Africa were organized chiefly around slavery.
To justify their colonial ventures
Spain invoked the threat of Protestantism.
On the eve of colonization of the Americas
freedom in Europe was framed in hierarchical
The Aztecs lived in a peaceful
non-violent society.
Europeans in the 1500s held firmly to the view that all men are created equal.
False
A strong immunity to European diseases strengthened Indian resistance to the conquistadors.
False
Before Europeans arrived in the New World
Native Americans were without extensive trading networks
After four trips across the Atlantic
Columbus recognized he had not reached Asia.
New Netherland extended all the way down from Quebec to the lower Mississippi Valley.
False
Most Indian tribes were matrilineal.
True
Africans enslaved other Africans long before the arrival of European traders.
True
Most European men in the 1500s owned property and could vote.
False
Spanish settlers in the New World comprised a mix of laborers and soldiers
priests and bureaucrats
During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries all European nations had established churches
and religious wars between nations (and sometimes within them) were fierce.
Perhaps 80 million Native Americans died in the century and a half following first contact in consequence of diseases carried by Europeans.
True
The idea that the United States has a special mission to serve as a symbol of freedom
a refuge from tyranny
Sons of Liberty (1765) were said to oppose "every limitation of trade and duty on it." In this context define "duty":
tax
What did the Sugar Act of 1764 that so vexed the colonists do to the already existing tax on molasses imported from the French West Indies?
it decreased it.
During the 1760s
backcountry protesters in the Carolinas were known as:
What did the 1766 Declaratory Act declare?
that Parliament had the power to pass laws for the colonies "in all cases whatever"
The British imposed a direct tax (also called an "internal tax") for the first time on colonists with the:
Stamp Act.
Which was not part of the Boston Tea Party?
John Adams was sent to prison on December 17
Committees of Correspondence in the colonies during the 1760s:
were a group of colonial elites who exchanged ideas and information about resistance to the Sugar
Which was not part of the Boston Massacre on March 5
1770?
Following the Boston Tea Party
Parliament imposed restrictions on Massachusetts that included closing the port of Boston
Which of the following was not a feature of the Stamp Act crisis of 1765?
The Stamp Act was passed by the Stamp Act Congress as a way to subvert the power of Parliament to tax the colonies.
When colonists insisted that because they were not represented in Parliament they could not be taxed by the British government
the British replied that they were represented by:
Which of the following was not a feature of the 1774 Intolerable Acts?
the repression of Catholicism in the colonies
What two European powers allied with the Americans in the War for Independence?
France and Spain
The Declaration of Independence:
declared the United States independent of British rule.
Which of the following was not a part of the balance of power between the British and American forces during the Revolution?
The British public was ambivalent over a war to retain the colonies; the American public was united behind a war for independence.
Thomas Paine's January 1776 pamphlet Common Sense argued all of the following EXCEPT:
It was common sense that in the struggle for independence the slaves to whom Lord Dunmore offered freedom ought to be freed.
The tactics of American resistance to British colonial policy from the mid-1760s through the mid-1770s included:
All of the above. (boycotts on the importation of British goods
mass demonstrations in the port towns
speeches and pamphlets challenging Britain's right to tax its colonial subjects.)
The Daughters of Liberty were:
women who spun and wove cloth during the 1768 Townshend Duties boycott.