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151 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Archduke Ferdinand of Austria
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Assassinated by Serbia in Sarajevo June 1914 immediate cause of WWI
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Triple Alliance
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Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy declared war on Russia in August 1914, backed by Turkey and Bulgaria
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US formally recognized the Soviet Union
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November 1933
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Germany begins using subs to sink ships
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1915
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Lusitania sank
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May 1915 not a cause for US entering war, but did spark a change in public sentiment towards the war
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Arabic sank
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August 1915
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Sussex sank
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March 1916
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Sussex Pledge
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1916 Germany promised to protect the safety of civilians by ended submarine attacks without warning
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William J Bryant
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Democratic leader and Secretary of State under Wilson, opposed loans to Britain and France in 1914
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Robert Lansing
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Assistant Secretary of State under Wilson urged Wilson to grant loans to Britain and France in 1914, over Bryant's objections
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British blockade
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1914 Mined North Sea, hurt neutral countries trading with Germany
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Espionage Act
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June 1917
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Trading with the Enemy Act
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October 1917
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Sedition Act
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May 1918 limited criticism of government and the war effort
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General Albert Burleson
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Postmaster who blocked mailing privileges for publications considered disloyal
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Eugene V. Debs
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Socialist leader convicted under the Espionage Act for condemning war as a capitalist plot
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Zimmerman Telegram
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February 1917 telegram sent by German Foreign Secretary Arthur Zimmerman to the German minister in Mexico offering territory in Southwest if Mexico would declare war against US
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John Pershing
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Leader of the American Expeditionary Force
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Selective Service Act
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May 1917 draft of all young men into the service, eventually inducted 2.8 million, in addition to 2 million volunteers
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Bernard Baruch
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headed War Industries Board to direct and stimulate industrial production
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Hitler invades Chechoslavakia
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March 1939
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Herbert Hoover
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headed the Food Administration and urged various means of conserving resources
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Nazi-Soviet nonaggression pact
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August 1939
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William McAdoo
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Secretary of Treasury supported purchase of Liberty Bonds to raise funds
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Germany invaded Poland
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September 1939 triggering Britain and France to enter the war
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National War Labor Policies
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enacted 8 hour day, minimum wage and collective bargaining rights in an effort to avoid strikes
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France invaded
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1940, by Germany through Denmark, Norway, Belgium and Holland in the North, and by Italy in the South
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National War Labor Policies
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enacted 8 hour day, minimum wage and collective bargaining rights in an effort to avoid strikes
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Allen White
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formed the Committee to defend America by Aiding the Allies to generate public support for aid to allies, short of entering the war
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Women's Bureau of the Department of Labor and Women's Trade Union League
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helped open jobs to women in response to labor shortage during the war
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Lend Lease Act
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March 1941 allowed Britain to obtain arms from America as a loan
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Nineteenth Amendment
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1920 granted women the right to vote in response to women't service during the war as nurses, factory workers and volunteers
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Robin Moor sank by German U-boat near Africa
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June 1941
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Great Migration
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1915 to 1920 half a million blacks moved north to become skilled and unskilled industrial workers
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Japan invaded Manchuria
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1931
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Hitler became German Chancellor
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1933
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Atlantic Charter
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August 1941 statement by Roosevelt and Churchill that called for people in a territory to choose their own boundaries, and form of government and for freedom of seas and denial of arms to aggressor nations
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Triple Entente
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Great Britain, France, Russia supported by Serbia, and colonies in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Africa and India
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Germany withdrew representatives from the League of Nations
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1933
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George Creel
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1917 director of Committee on Public Information
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Roosevelt authorized expanding US navy to counter Japanese buildup
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1934
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Cordell Hull
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Secretary of State under Roosevelt
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Germany invaded Russia
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June 1941
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Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act
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Engineered by Cordell Hull in 1934 giving the president the authority to reduce tariffs for nations that would in turn reduce tariffs on US, 22 nations agreed
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Benito Mussolini
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Created authoritarian state in Italy
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Four Minute Men
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CPI Volunteers who travelled giving pep talks and distributing press releases
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Spanish civil war
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1935 Germany and Italy supported rebel fascists, Russia supported loyalists
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British treaty with Germany
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1935 allowed Germany a surface navy 1/3 the size of Britian's
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Josef Stalin
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Russian Premier
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Japan invaded five northern provinces of China
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July 1937
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Neutrality Acts
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1935-1937 ended loans and arms sales to warring nations, warned civilians about travelling on belligerent ships
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Charles Evan Hughes
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Wilson's republican challenger in 1916 argued that US was not prepared to defend itself in a war
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cash and carry
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required foreign nations trading with US to pay cash and to ship goods themselves, prevented loans and the use of American ships in war zones
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Germany occupied Rhineland
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March 1936
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Tripartite Pact
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1940 alliance between Japan, Germany and Italy
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Italy invaded Ethiopia
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April 1936
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Japan captured Nanking
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December 1937
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Fourteen Points
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January 1918 Wilson's vision for peace and a new democratic world order. Affirmed basic liberal ideals, supported right to self-determination for European people dominated by Germany, and called for a League of Nations
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Francisco Franco
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Rebel Fascist leader in Spain
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Good Neighbor Policy
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1933 declaration made by Roosevelt in inaugural speech, called for cooperation, esp with Latin America
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Pearl Harbor bombed
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December 1941 united Americans in commitment to war and desire for revenge
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Quarantine Speech
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October 1937 Roosevelt's declaration that aggressors should be quarantined by the international community
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Neville Chamberlain
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British Prime Minister offered Sudetenland in Czechoslavakia to Hitler in 1938 to protect the rest of Czech
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long term causes
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nationalism, imperialism, militarism, and alliances
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Germany surrendered
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May 1945
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Treaty of Versailles
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1919 demanded reparations from Germany, rejected by Congress in 1920
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Atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
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August 1945 approved by Truman
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Heimat
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German concept of homeland
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Japan surrendered
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August 1945
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Manhattan Project
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research and development of the atomic bomb
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Office of Price Administration
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limited consumer purchase of meat, sugar and gasoline
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Henry Kaiser
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built ships quickly with prefabricated materials
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Hukbalahaps
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communist guerillas in the Phillipines
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Kim Il Sung
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Communist leader in North Korea, supported by Russia
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Syngman Rhee
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South Korean President, supported by US
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North Korea invades South Korea
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June 1950 UN declares invasion an act of aggression
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Dean Acheson
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Secretary of State under Truman, emphasized communism over USSR as enemy, GR and TU domino effect
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Douglas MacArthur
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Commander of UN army moved troops to defend South Korea, fired for insubordination in April 1951
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Dwight Eisenhower
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appointed commander of NATO forces in 1950, defeated Adlai Stevenson for presidency in 1952
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armistice agreement signed with Korea
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July 1953
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UN landed in Inchon, North Korean West Coast
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September 1950
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Pyongyang
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October 1950 North Korean capital captured
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China supported a North Korean counterattack
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November 1950
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Seoul
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January 1951 South Korean capital captured
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Matthew Ridgeway
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Succeeded MacArthur as UN forces commander in Korea
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Dienbienphu
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heavily armed firebase near the border of China, lost by France in 1954
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Geneva Accords
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May 1954 agreement between France, Great Britain, China and Viet Minh that divided Indochina into Laos and Cambodia and divided Vietnam at the 17th parallel and provided for an elected government in S Vietnam
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Ho Chi Minh
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nationalist coalition communist (Viet Minh) leader in Viet Nam, claimed Vietnamese independence from France in 1954
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Ngo Dinh Diem
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elected leader in S Vietnam under the Geneva Agreement
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Nguyen Van Thieu
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Succeeded Ngo Dinh Diem in 1965 after Diem's death in 1963
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William Westmoreland
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American General in Korea requested more troops to occupy more territory
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Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
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Attempt by LBJ to gain support for sending troops to Korea
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Paris Peace Talks
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1968-1973 called for US withdrawal from Vietnam and exchange of all POWs
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Guam Doctrine
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Nixon's plan to reduce US involvement in Vietnam to a supporting role
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Henry Kissinger
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National security assistant, backed Nixon in Vietnam
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Charles De Galle
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French president during Vietnam war
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Tet offensive
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1968 invasion of S Vietnam caused Johnson to reverse policy in Vietnam and seek negotiated settlement
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mercantilism
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economic principal practiced by the colonies, marked by tariffs that protech domestic industry, and govt sponsored monopolies supported by A Hamilton
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capitalism
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free competition ruled by natural laws, supported by T Jefferson
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Union Pacific
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cross country RR that originated in KC, characterized by inferior construction, paid a company owned firm, Credit Mobilier, $70 mil for $50 mil worth of work
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Central Pacific
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cross country RR, stockholders invested $121 mil, twice the actual cost, for building,
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Cornelius (Commodore) Vanderbilt
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consolidated small competing RRs into one large RR double tracked from NYC to Chicago, built Grand Central into a large shopping center
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Gustavus Swift
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Meat packer who built refrigerated RR cars to facilitate transport of cold goods
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James Buchanan Duke
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oned American Tobacco Co. and United Cigar Stores for a tobacco monopoly, invented cigarette rolling machine and founded Duke Power Co.
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Andrew Carnegie
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formed steel monopoly by converting to Bessemer steel process and dominating rail and pipe sales
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John D Rockefeller
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built his own oil refinery Standard Oil Co. (Exxon) and formed a trust forcing competitors to join, and built oil tankers for transporting oil
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Sherman Anti-trust Act
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1890 prohibited agreements made for the purposes of restricting competition, used to blame labor unions of conspiracies to restrict trade
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pools
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cooperation of competitors for the purpose of sharing resources
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Interstate Commerce Act
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1887 Interstate Commerce Commission formed to study RRs to determine regulation needs
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cartels
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international marketing agreements (ex. Std Oil collaberated with IG Farben, a German company, also OPEC) not covered by antitrust act
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Clayton Act
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1914 more specific version of the Sherman antitrust act
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multinationals
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company operating in at least 8 countries and netting at least $100 mil per year
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progressive era
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1901-1917 started earlier in WI and GA
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Elkins Act
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1903 made rebates illegal (special favors) misdemeanor with $25 fine
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Mann-Elkins Act
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1910 called for ICC actions to take immediate effect and established the commerce court for RR cases
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Hepburn Act
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1906 raised penalty for rebates and regulated RR rates
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Pure Food and Drug Act
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1906 established FDA
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Stock Market Crash
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1929 almost 16.5 mil shares of stock sold, stock tickers ran about 5 hours behind and caused a panic similar to the earlier bank panics
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1st New Deal
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1933 called for a bank holiday to audit banks, est SEC to regulate the stock market and prevent fraud, required a prospectus in order to sell stock
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Federal Reserve Act
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1913 est Fed Res Banks with 12 districts, a portion of each banks earnings goes to the district bank and a bank in trouble can take a loan from the districts fed res bank, est a fed res board with the majority of members nonbankers, decisions would be made economically
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Decade of Prosperity
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1920s leading up to Crash, middle class grew, as did use of credit; cars, electicity, appliances and movies made their way into popular use
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Samuel Insoll
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formed a pyramid electric company, sold stocks in several electric companies under the original company, all but the first existed only on paper
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Civilian Conservation Corp
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1st New Deal project run by the Army to employ males 18-25
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Arthur Morgan
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head of Tennessee Valley Authority built dams on TN river to generate electricity, succeeded by David Lilienthal, head of Atomic Endergy Commission
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National Recovery Administration
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1935 established by the National Industrial Recovery Act to encourage cooperation between government and business, people were encouraged to by products with the NRA blue eagle logo
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Public Works Administration
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1935 allocated $3 bil to restart economy through the building of roads airports, public buildings, harbors and bridges
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2nd New Deal
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1935 attempt to satisfy critics of 1st New Deal, established social security
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Works Projects Administration
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1935 replaced Public Works Admin, headed by Harry Hopkins
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Wagner Act
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1935 established National Labor Relations Board to oversee the formation of unions in factories where desired by workers
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Resettlement Administration
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1935 set up camps to aid transient farmers travelling West, offered board and work
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3rd New Deal
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1937 established Fair Labor Standards Act and added 6 new members to the Supreme Court to prevent new legislation from being ruled unconstitutional
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GI Bill
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1944 provided $16 bil for vets education and loans to buy homes and start businesses
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Marshall Plan
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1948 European Recovery Program spent $13 bil to stimulate Western European economy
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1876 election
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Rutherford B Hayes R v Samuel J Tilden 19 electoral votes were disputed and both parties negotiated a compromise and formed an election commission to evaluate disputed votes, David Davis, only indepedent, resigned and was replaced by a republican
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1884 election
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Grover Cleveland R v James G Blaine characterized by excessive mudslinging JB took contributions from RRs and repaid the favors, GC fathered child out of wedlock, and admitted possible paternity election became corruption v adultery
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1912 election
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Woodrow Wilson D v William H Taft Republican party split over the Payne Aldrich tariff in 1910 T Roosevelts supporters formed the Bull Moose party and nominated TR, TR New Nationalism v WW New Freedom, WW supported banking reform and stronger anti trust, TR supported gov guided econ, big business
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1928 election
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Herbert Hoover R v Alfred E Smith AS planned to continue economic policy, AS catholic though not mentioned by HH, AS ineffective with radio, AS criticized prohibition, HH supported the Noble Experiment and wanted studies done
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1948 election
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Harry S Truman D v Thomas E Dewey Southern Dems formed Dixiecrats in opposition to lynching laws and nominated Strom Thurmond, polls supported TD
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1960 election
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John F Kennedy D v Richard Nixon close race less than 1%, TV debates favored JK, JK Catholic but assured SBC that religion would not factor in
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1968 election
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Richard Nixon R v Hubert Humphrey close race, George Wallace formed American Party for states rights, segregation and law and order in response to war opposition, RN supported limiting participation in Vietnam
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Presidential responsibilities
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resolve conflict, insure domestic prosperity, keep taxes low, balance budget, negotiate and build coalitions and treaties, commander in chief of military, oversee national security, ceremonial head of state, mobilize public opinion, active or passive, effective?
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James G Blaine
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opposed Grover Cleveland, held a dinner known as Belshazzer Feast where he accused Dems of "rum, romanism and rebellion" and responsibility for Civil War, and alienated Irish supporters
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Theodore Roosevelt
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1901-1908 AP McKinley, Monroe Doctrine Corollary, N Sec, coal strike, Hepburn Act, FDA, Panama Canal
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Woodrow Wilson
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1912-1920 AN LoN dispute WWI 14 Points, Fed Res, labor reform
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Franklin Roosevelt
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1932-1936 AP New Deal, Good Neighbor WWII
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Harry Truman
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1945-1952 AP Hiroshima UN charter, containment, Marshall Plan, Fair Deal, inflation, GI bill, labor, postwar civil rights, Korea
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Dwight Eisenhower
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1952-1960 PN trial balloons, limit fed spending, New South interstates, NASA, stagnant economy
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Lyndon Johnson
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1964-1968 AN Vietnam, inflation rose to double digits, Great Society, Walter Heller chief econ advisor, National Sales Tax proposed in 1968, most effective w/ small groups, improved relations in S Amer
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Richard Nixon
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1968-1972 AN Watergate, 1972 Russian grain sale, 1973 OPEC, decentralized Great Society, Clean Air/Water Acts, stagflation
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Ronald Reagan
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1980-1988 PP high interest to 82, 88 months econ growth, effective communicator, James Baker chief of staff to 84, then Sec of Treas
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Great Society
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LBJ spending programs to benefit poor, community action about 30% success, Head Start, Job Corp, dropped unemployment to 3%
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