History- Ch. 17 Vocab

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Progressivism

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A national rail system was completed; agriculture was mechanized; the factory system spread; and cities grew rapidly in size and number. The progressive movement arose as a response to the vast changes brought by industrialization

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prohibition

Back 2

legal prevention of the manufacture, transportation, and sale of alcoholic beverages

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Women's Christian Temperance Union

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the group spearheaded the crusade for prohibition. Members advanced their cause by entering saloons, singing, praying, and urging saloonkeepers to stop selling alcohol.

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Francis Willard

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an American Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church, elected in 1884.

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Carry Nation

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American temperance advocate

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Anti-Saloon League

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U.S. organization working for prohibition of the sale of alcoholic liquors

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"Demon Rum"

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temperance supporters' nickname for alcoholic beverages

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Henry George

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an American political economist and the most influential proponent of the "Single Tax" on land, also known as the land value tax. He was the author of Progress and Poverty, written in 1879.

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Edward Bellamy

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an American author and socialist, most famous for his utopian novel, Looking Backward, set in the year 2000.

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muckraker

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American investigative reporters, novelists and critics from the late 1800s to early 1900s, who investigated and exposed societal issues such as conditions in slums and prisons, factories, insane asylums (as they were called at the time), sweatshops, mines, child labor and unsanitary conditions in food processing plants

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Frederick Winslow Taylor

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American mechanical engineer who sought to improve industrial efficiency. A management consultant in his later years, he is sometimes called "the father of scientific management.

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Principles of Scientific Management

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a monograph published by Frederick Winslow Taylor in 1911. This influential monograph is the basis of modern organization and decision theory and has motivated administrators and students of managerial technique

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Maria Mitchell

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the first woman to be elected (1848) to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 1857 a group of Boston area women presented her with a 5-in. Alvan Clark refractor, with which she expanded her studies of sunspots, planets, and nebulae. By taking daily photographs of the sun, she made many discoveries about the nature of sunspots

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"Seven Sisters"

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seven historically liberal arts women's colleges in the Northeastern United States. They are Barnard College, Bryn Mawr College, Mount Holyoke College, Radcliffe College, Smith College, Wellesley College, and Vassar College.

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social housekeeping

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???

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National Association of Colored Women(NACW)

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original intention was "to furnish evidence of the moral, mental and material progress made by people of color through the efforts of our women".

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Upton Sinclair

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American novelist and socialist activist, wrote "The Jungle"

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The Jungle(1906)

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a novel written by American author and socialist Upton Sinclair. It was written about the corruption of business during the early 20th century. The novel depicts in harsh tones the poverty, absence of social programs, unpleasant living and working conditions, and hopelessness prevalent among the have-nots, which is contrasted with the deeply-rooted corruption on the part of the haves.

Front 19

bully pulpit

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a bi-weekly leftist student-run publication at Cornell University that focuses on political issues, such as, but not limited to human rights, economic justice, and the protection of the Constitution. It is Cornell's premier political publication that adheres to the left of the political spectrum

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Square Deal

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President Theodore Roosevelt's domestic program primarily aimed at helping middle class citizens. The policies of the Square Deal involved attacking the plutocracy and trusts while at the same time protecting business from the extreme demands of unorganized labor.

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Trust Buster

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refers to government activities designed to break up trusts or monopolies

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Elkins Act(1903)

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strengthened the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 by imposing heavy fines on railroads offering rebates and on the shippers accepting them. The railroad companies were not permitted to deviate from published rates

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Meat Inspection Act

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a United States federal law that authorized the Secretary of Agriculture to inspections and condemn any meat product found unfit for human consumption

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"gas and water socialism"

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mayors focused on dismissing corrupt and greedy owners of utilities- such as gasworks, waterworks, and transit lines- and converting the utilities to publicly owned enterprises

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"Fighting Bob" La Follette

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taxed railroad property at the same rate as other business property, set up a commission to regulate rates, and forbade railroads to issue free passes to state officials

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The Laboratory of Democracy

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the state of Wisconsin; term used by University of Wisconsin professors

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Keating-Owen Act (1916)

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prohibited the transportation across state lines of goods produced with child labor

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Muller v. Oregon (1908)

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Louis D. Brandeis-assisted by Florence Kelley and Josephine Goldmark-persuasively argued that poor working women were much more economically insecure than large corporations. Asserting that women required the state's protection against powerful employers, Brandeis convinced the Court to uphold an Oregon law limiting women to a 10 hour workday. Other states responded by enacting or strengthening laws to reduce women's hours of work

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Bunting v. Oregon

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Brandeis persuaded the Court to uphold a ten hour workday for men

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Louis D. Brandeis

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persuaded the Court to uphold a 10 hour workday for men and women in the court cases Muller v. Oregon and Bunting v. Oregon

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initiative

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bill originated by the people rather than lawmakers

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referendum

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a vote on the initiative

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recall

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enabled voters to remove public officials from elected positions by forcing them to face another election before the end of their term if enough voters asked for it

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Australian Ballot

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other term for the Secret Ballot

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17th Amendment (1913)

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an amendment to the U.S. Constitution, that provides for the election of U.S. senators by the people rather than by state legislatures

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suffrage

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the right to vote

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Susan B. Anthony

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a leading proponent of woman suffrag; founded the National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA) with Elizabeth Cady Stanton

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National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)

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National Woman Suffrage Association and another group united together to form this

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Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)

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halted the sale of contaminated foods and medicine and called for truth in labeling

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John Muir

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naturalist and writer with whom Roosevelt camped in California's Yosemite National Park; persuaded the president to set aside 148 million acres of forest reserves

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Gifford Pinchot

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head of U.S. Forest Service; advised Roosevelt to conserve forest and grazing lands by keeping large tracts of federal land exempt from private sale

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conservation

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some wilderness areas would be preserved while others would be developed for the common good

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National Reclamation (Newlands) Act (1902)

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money from the sale of public lands in the West funded large-scale immigration projects, such as the Roosevelt Dam in Arizona and the Shoshone Dam in Wyoming

Front 44

The Souls of Black Folk (1903)

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book by W.E.B. DuBois; wrote of his opposition to Washington's position

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The only good Indian is a dead Indian!

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In January, 1869, General Sheridan held a conference with 50 Indian chiefs at Fort Cobb in the so-called Indian Territory (later part of Oklahoma). At that time, Sheridan, who had gained recognition as a Union officer in the Civil War, was in charge of the Dept. of the Missouri. One of his duties was to oversee the Indian Territory, making sure that the Indians remained on their reservations and did not harass the white settlers. When Comanche chief Toch-a-way was introduced to Sheridan at the conference, the Indian said, "Me Toch-a-way, me good Indian." Sheridan reportedly smirked and replied, "The only good Indians I ever saw were dead." Later on, the remark became "The only good Indian is a dead Indian."