History 1301 Chapter 11 - 13

Front 1

Nat Truner's Revolt

Back 1

This revolt occured in Southampton Country, Virginia, in 1831. Close to 60 whites were murdered. The revolt led the South to tighten up on what Blacks could and could not do. They could not be taught to read nor write.

Front 2

Slave Ownership

Back 2

In 1860 only 1/4 of white Southerners belonged to families owning slaves. Only four percent of Southern population owned 2 or more slaves in 1860. Planters in the 1850's could expect an annual return of 8% to 10% on capital invested in slaves.

Front 3

Slave Families

Back 3

Female headed families were the usual pattern. Responsibility for child rearing was vested in mothers as assisted by female relatives and friends. Slave culture was a family culture which was a source of strength and cohesion. Whipping and threats of being sold off kept slaves subdued.

Front 4

Black Religion

Back 4

Their religion formed the cornerstone of the emerging Black culture. It was practiced at night, often secretly, and was led by Black preachers. It was highly emotional in nature.

Front 5

White Society

Back 5

Mosth Southern Whites were farmers not owning slaves. Most of the great planters before 1860 were self-made men. Planters' sons were often lawyers or in the military.

Front 6

Hinton Helper

Back 6

Hinton wrote "The Impending Crisis of the South" in 1857. He told small farmers that slavery and the plantation system created a privileged class of planters. It also limited the opportunities of the non-slaveholding white majority. The book was suppressed in the South.

Front 7

George Fitzhugh

Back 7

In Fitzhugh's writings, he said that master-lave relationship was more humane than the relationship of bosses-workers in the North. Slaves had job security and were looked after in old age while Northern workers could be fired and even starve to death.

Front 8

The Internal Slave Trade

Back 8

Raising slaves in the Upper South (Virginia, Maryland, etc.) was big business. Between 1815-1860, six hundred thousand to seven hundred thousand slaves were sold in the western Gulf of Mexico area, including Texas.

Front 9

The Second Great Awakening

Back 9

It took place in the early 1800's. In the south it was led by Baptists and Methodists calling for a more personal relationship with the Lord. They used highly emotional camp mettings.

Front 10

The Second Great Awakening

Back 10

It took place in the early 1800's. In the north, Nathaniel Taylor preached that every person was a free agent who could overcome sin. Lyman Beecher alsos urged surrender to God. Charles Finney stirred his audiences to show great emotion. Every person has the power to choose God, said Finney.

Front 11

Marriage

Back 11

People in the early 1800's increasingly married for love. Women began to act more like companions to men. Women ran the house.

Front 12

Horace Mann

Back 12

Through his leadership, Massachusetts established a State Board of Education and adequate tax support in 1837 for public education.

Front 13

American Colonization Society

Back 13

The society was set up in 1817. Four years later, the society established the African country of Liberia which was settled by Free Blacks.

Front 14

William L. Garrison

Back 14

Leading WHITE abolitionist before Civil War.

Front 15

Frederick Douglass

Back 15

He was the leading BLACK abolitionist before the Civil War.

Front 16

Women's Rights Movement

Back 16

Organized in northern New York in 1848 by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott. They promoted the right of women to vote.

Front 17

19th Amendment

Back 17

1920 gave women right to vote across country.

Front 18

Robert Owen

Back 18

Utopian Socialism - In New Harmony, Indiana there was to be common and equal ownership of property.

Front 19

Fourier

Back 19

Utopian Socialism - He set up co-operative communities in Europe and the US where everyone worked and tasks were assigned on the abilities of members.

Front 20

Reunion Arena

Back 20

Named after a Fourier settlement between Dallas and Fort Worth that was named Reunion.

Front 21

John H. Noves

Back 21

Utopian Socialism - He founded Oneida in northern New York in 1848. Traditional marriage outlawed and free love practiced.

Front 22

Thoreau

Back 22

He lived at Walden Pond at Concord, Massachusetts. Suspported by Ralph Waldo Emerson.

Front 23

Walden

Back 23

Written by Thoreau in 1854.

Front 24

Webster - Ashburton Treaty - 1842

Back 24

A treaty between England and the US resolving US - Canadian boundry questions in the northeast.

Front 25

Daniel Webster

Back 25

Secretary of State

Front 26

Texas Revolution

Back 26

A revolution in Mexican Texas in 1835 - 1836 which led to Texas independence after the Battle of San Jacinto. Texas became an independent Republic from 1836 - 1845.

Front 27

Oregon Trail

Back 27

A major transportation artery moving people and goods westward to the Oregon country in the 1840's and 1850's.

Front 28

Mormons

Back 28

Followers of Joseph Smith and Brigham Young who established present-day Utah.

Front 29

Manifest Destiny and John L. O'Sullivan

Back 29

O'Sullivan coined the term manifest destiny. It was the US' desttiny to own the land from the Atlantic to the Pacific. The concept helped promote an aggressive foreign policy.

Front 30

Election of 1844

Back 30

Polk the Democrat beat Clay the Whig.

Front 31

Buchnan - Pakenham Treaty - 1846

Back 31

This established the present US - Canadian boundry in the Pacific northwestg at the 49th parallel. This settled the issues of the land division of the Oregon Country between England and the US.

Front 32

Mexican War 1846 - 1848

Back 32

This grew out of a dispute with Mexico over the Texas - Mexican boundary in 1846. US interest in owning Mexican California was also involved.

Front 33

Treaty of Guadelupe Hidalgo

Back 33

This treaty ended the Mexican War in 1848. The US acquired 1/2 of Mexico including California, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, and Utah after the war.