History 1 Exam 1

Front 1

Importance of pottery

Back 1

Durable, and used to find out when people existed

Front 2

Metallurgy

Back 2

Making of metal weapons and tools

Front 3

When and where were Copper axes produced?

Back 3

4,300 bc North Mesopotamia

Front 4

What does Mesopotamia mean

Back 4

Land between rivers

Front 5

Where is Mesopotamia?

Back 5

Tigris & Euphrates rivers: modern day Iraq

Front 6

First civilization?

Back 6

Sumeria, southern Iraq, 3500 BC

Front 7

Influence of farming?

Back 7

Flat desert valley, tap water in rivers and irrigate fields

Front 8

First written records were of whom?

Back 8

Sumerians

Front 9

The wheel invented?

Back 9

Mesopotamia

Front 10

Effect of the wheel?

Back 10

Military/economic efficiency

Front 11

What is Ziggurat?

Back 11

Temple/house of worship

Front 12

Homes of the gods?

Back 12

Mountains

Front 13

Cuneiform?

Back 13

Form of writing

Making wedges in wet clay

Front 14

Most ancient cultural values?

Back 14

Order, obedience, common good

Front 15

Impact of horses?

Back 15

Military efficiency

Front 16

What do gods represent?

Back 16

forces of nature personified

Front 17

Polytheism?

Back 17

Worship many gods

Front 18

Is polytheism tolerant?

Back 18

Yes

Front 19

Noah's ark origins?

Back 19

Gilgamesh

Front 20

Slavery in ancient times racial?

Back 20

No

Front 21

Causes of slavery?

Back 21

crop failures/debts, war, punishment

Front 22

Dowry?

Back 22

Property to the husband

Must pay back to divorce

Front 23

The Bride price?

Back 23

Groom pays daughter's father

Front 24

Sahara theory of climate 7-8000 yrs ago?

Back 24

Green grassland

Front 25

Sphinx age theory why?

Back 25

Water weathering

Front 26

Egypt Geographical unity why?

Back 26

Nile=good transportaion, natural defense barriers

Front 27

Upper and lower Egypt?

Back 27

Lower is north

River flows to sea

Front 28

Length of Nile R.?

Back 28

4,000 miles

Front 29

How far from the sea does Nile branch?

Back 29

300 mi.

Front 30

How many annual harvests along Nile?

Back 30

3

Front 31

90-95% of all people along the Nile are what?

Back 31

Farmers

Front 32

What do the farmers do in the offseason?

Back 32

building projects

Front 33

Pharaoh considered what?

Back 33

God/king

Front 34

Egyptian culture change over 3,000 yrs?

Back 34

None

Front 35

Are ancient people conservative?

Back 35

Yes

Front 36

Hieroglyphics?

Back 36

Partly pictographic & ideographic alphabet

Front 37

Pictographic means?

Back 37

thing

Front 38

Ideographic means?

Back 38

Idea

Front 39

Demotic means?

Back 39

Cursive

Front 40

Purpose of pyramids?

Back 40

Tombs for the Pharaohs

Front 41

Purpose of mummies?

Back 41

preserve body

Front 42

Valley of the Kings?

Back 42

Tombs on West side of Nile

Front 43

Egyptians lived?

Back 43

East side of Nile

Front 44

Land of death (West) Land of life (East) why?

Back 44

Rising and setting of sun

Front 45

Why preserve body as mummies?

Back 45

Soul survives and needs body later

Front 46

Why were animals mummified?

Back 46

Sacred and manifestations of gods

Front 47

Why were tombs packed with possessions?

Back 47

Needed their stuff for afterlife

Front 48

Why did pharaohs marry sisters?

Back 48

Maintain purity of royal bloodline

Front 49

Did ordinary people marry siblings?

Back 49

No

Front 50

Papyrus uses (Cat-tail reed along Nile R.)?

Back 50

food, boats, mats, sandals, paper.

Front 51

Egypt unified in what year?

Back 51

3100 BC

Front 52

Old Kingdom years?

Back 52

2700-2200 BC

Front 53

First intermediate period yrs?

Back 53

2180-2040 BC

Front 54

Middle Kingdom yrs?

Back 54

2040-1780 BC

Front 55

What is a Dynasty?

Back 55

1 family runs country

Front 56

How long do most dynasties last?

Back 56

100-200 years

Front 57

Egyptian New Kingdom: Hyskos occupation?

Back 57

1750-1550 BC

Front 58

Asians conquer who?

Back 58

Semi-nomadic herdsmen

Front 59

New weapons?

Back 59

bronze swords, composite bows, chariots, horses

Front 60

What is a composite bow?

Back 60

Weapon made of animal bone and tusk to bend and not break

Front 61

New Kingdom yrs?

Back 61

1550-1100 BC

Front 62

Ramses the Great?

Back 62

Warrior King

Front 63

Most surviving monuments in Egypt are of?

Back 63

Ramses the Great

Front 64

Akhenaten?

Back 64

changed to Monotheism

Front 65

Akhenaten believed in what god?

Back 65

Sun disk-god

Front 66

King Tut?

Back 66

Minor pharaoh

Front 67

Invasion of Sea Peoples when?

Back 67

1200 BC

Front 68

Libyan Dynasties when?

Back 68

940-730 BC

Front 69

Nubian Dynasties when?

Back 69

760-656 BC

Front 70

Nubians & Assyrians fought over? In what year?

Back 70

Egypt

671-663 BC

Front 71

Native Egyptian dynasty, Satellite pharaohs, what year?

Back 71

664-525 BC

Front 72

Persian conquest?

Back 72

525 BC

Front 73

Egypt conquered by Alexander the Great what year?

Back 73

332 BC

Front 74

Hammurabi, who and what year?

Back 74

Ruler of Babylon 1792-1750

Front 75

Hammurabi conquers what?

Back 75

Mesopotamia, rules 1st Babylonian empire

Front 76

Code of Hammurabi?

Back 76

Harsh laws, reciprocal justice

Front 77

Land of Greece?

Back 77

Geog. fragmentation: ocean barrier, mountains

Front 78

No part of Greece is what? (Geographically)

Back 78

more than 35 miles from sea

Front 79

Minoan age when?

Back 79

Anatolia to Crete, 2200 BC

Front 80

Any large settlements?

Back 80

No

Front 81

Theories about Minoan civilization destroyed?

Back 81

Mycenean invasion 1500-1450 BC

Eruption: Thera 1500-1450 BC

Front 82

Evidence of eruption theory?

Back 82

Volcanic ash on Crete

Earthquakes and tidal waves

Palaces destroyed

Front 83

Mycenean age yrs?

Back 83

1800-1000 BC

Front 84

Culture and palace similar to?

Back 84

Crete

Front 85

Oddyseus?

Back 85

King of Ithica, small chiefdom

Front 86

Oddyseus wife?

Back 86

Penelope

Front 87

Oddyseus child?

Back 87

Telemachus

Front 88

Oddyseus famous subject?

Back 88

Illiad & Oddysey

Front 89

Greek dark ages Years?

Back 89

1100-800 BC

Front 90

Origins of Sea Peoples?

Back 90

Indo-European

Front 91

Sea peoples might be related to whom?

Back 91

Greeks

Front 92

Sea people settle where?

Back 92

Palestine

Front 93

Phoenicians, where?

Back 93

Modern Lebanon

Front 94

Phoenicians descendants of?

Back 94

Canaanites

Front 95

Phoenicians colonies where?

Back 95

Med. region & Carthage

Front 96

Word 'Phoenician' means?

Back 96

Purple people

Front 97

Phoenician famous product?

Back 97

dye- Tyrian purple

Front 98

Where does Tyrian purple come from

Back 98

Aquatic snails

Front 99

Why is purple color of royalty?

Back 99

Hard to get snails for dye

Front 100

Phonecians invented what?

Back 100

Alphabet

Front 101

Arameans replaced cuneiform with what?

Back 101

Alphabet

Front 102

Abraham years?

Back 102

1900-1700 BC

Front 103

God offers protection to Abraham's family & descendants if?

Back 103

Leaves Canaan

Front 104

Abrahams 12 great grandsons are

Back 104

12 tribes

Front 105

two southern tribes?

Back 105

Judah and Benjamin

Front 106

When do Hebrews enter Egypt?

Back 106

1500's BC

Front 107

When do Hebrews leave Egypt?

Back 107

1300 BC

Front 108

Yahweh's promise?

Back 108

Promised land

Front 109

What is the Ark of the Covenant?

Back 109

The essence of God lives in the box, also 10 commandments

Front 110

Jerusalem?

Back 110

One people, one temple, one God, one capital

Front 111

Assyrian homeland?

Back 111

North Mesopotamia

Front 112

How do the Assyrians maintain rule?

Back 112

Deportation

Front 113

Assyrians rule What places?

Back 113

Syria, Palestine, Lebanon, Egypt, part of Turkey

Front 114

What year is height of Assyrian empire?

Back 114

700 BC

Front 115

Neo Babylonian empire replaces Assyria and deports what type of people?

Back 115

Educated

Front 116

Why remove educated people?

Back 116

can control uneducated

Front 117

Largest empire in the Middle East?

Back 117

Persia

Front 118

Persian homeland?

Back 118

Southern Iraq

Front 119

Persian King Cyrus the Great expansions?

Back 119

Elam, Media, Babylonian empire, Lydian kingdom, Central Asia, Afghanistan, Egypt

Front 120

Zoroastrianism similar to?

Back 120

Hinduism

Front 121

Judeo Christian ideas similar to Zoastrianism?

Back 121

heaven, hell, angels, messiah, apocalypticism

Front 122

Zoroastrianism extinct?

Back 122

Virtually extinct

Front 123

Human sacrifice, common or rare?

Back 123

Rare

Front 124

Exception of rare human sacrifice?

Back 124

Canaanites

Front 125

Famous story of child sacrifice?

Back 125

Abraham and Isaac

Front 126

Jewish Prophets?

Back 126

Jesus, John the Baptist, Mohammed

Front 127

Greeks and Romans on wealth and materialism?

Back 127

Destroys virtue

Front 128

Greeks arranged marriages why?

Back 128

Political alliances, economic security

Front 129

Ages for arranged marriages?

Back 129

Girls: 14-15

Men: Mid-thirties

Front 130

Why these ages?

Back 130

Girls: babies

Men: Money

Front 131

Greek Science and logic heavy emphasis on?

Back 131

Mathematics

Front 132

Archimedes inventions?

Back 132

Calculus

Antikythera device

Front 133

Exception to Persians most powerful in world?

Back 133

China

Front 134

Persians conquest of Asia Minor in what year?

Back 134

547 BC

Front 135

Ionian rebellion year?

Back 135

499 BC

Front 136

Persians massacred in what battle and year?

Back 136

Marathon, 490 BC

Front 137

Athens advances

Back 137

Silver

Ostracism

Front 138

2nd Persian Invasion Some Greeks do what?

Back 138

Join Persia

Front 139

Thermopylae legend of...?

Back 139

the 300

Front 140

2nd Persian lasted how long?

Back 140

32 years

Front 141

Athens vs. Sparta?

Back 141

Athens: Cosmopolitan, capitalistic, open society

Sparta: Communistic, closed society, isolated

Front 142

Athens vs. Sparta lasted how long?

Back 142

60 years

Front 143

First Peloponnesian war what years?

Back 143

460-446 BC

Front 144

War ends how?

Back 144

Stalemate

Front 145

2nd Peloponnesian war what years?

Back 145

431-404 BC

Front 146

Athens does what?

Back 146

Withdraws to within walls

Front 147

Plague in Athens kills how many?

Back 147

3rd of population

Front 148

Attempts at peace?

Back 148

foiled

Front 149

Sparta aids Persia and ...?

Back 149

Athens surrenders

Front 150

Quote Xenophon?

Back 150

Persia belongs to the man who has the courage to conquer it - Alexander

Front 151

Greek art?

Back 151

Combines realism & idealism

Front 152

Greek Philosophers?

Back 152

Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

Front 153

Socrates?

Back 153

Question everything

Front 154

Plato?

Back 154

Student of Socrates

Front 155

Aristotle?

Back 155

Discovers laws, politics, tragedy (Catharsis) comedy (lost book)

Front 156

Greece vs Persia year?

Back 156

490 BC

Front 157

Phillip II?

Back 157

Unifies Macedonia

Front 158

Alexander victories?

Back 158

Never loses: Granicus river, Issus, Siege- Tyre, Gaugemela

Front 159

Alexander leads charge?

Back 159

Yes

Front 160

Alexander underdog?

Back 160

Yes

Front 161

Alexander goal?

Back 161

Conquer world

Front 162

Alexander dies how?

Back 162

Disease

Front 163

Alexander's generals?

Back 163

Fight over empire

Front 164

Alexander kingdoms created?

Back 164

Ptolemaic Egypt

Seleucid Empire

Macedonian kingdom

Front 165

Leads to?

Back 165

Hellenistic age

Front 166

Greeks spread?

Back 166

Greek culture

Front 167

Large numbers of Greeks settle in?

Back 167

Asia, Africa

Front 168

Cynicism?

Back 168

Do whatever you want

Front 169

Epicureanism?

Back 169

Eliminate fear and worry

Embrace modernism

Front 170

Stoicism?

Back 170

Accept God's will/fate

Front 171

Classical art-idealistic?

Back 171

ideal form perfect bodies

Front 172

Hellenistic art?

Back 172

Realistic, less than perfect