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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Uterine Cycle phases |
-proliferative phase -secretory phase -menstrual phase |
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Proliferative Phase |
-regulated by estrogen -starts at the end of the menstrual phase -ends 1 day after ovulation -stratum basale proliferates -creates stratum functionale |
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Secretory Phase |
-regulated by progesterone -changes in the stratum functionale -endometrial glands enlarge & become corkscrew shaped -lengthening & coiling of spiral arteries |
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Menstrual Phase |
-results from a decline in the ovarian secretion of estrogen & progesterone (corpus leutum at this point) -characterized by the shedding of the stratum functionale -stratum functionale enters ischemic phase = necrosis due to sporadic interruption of blood supply -menstrual flow typically lasts 5 days |
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Gravid Phase |
-if fertilization & implantation occur, Gravid Phase replaces the menstrual phase Tropoblasts differentiate into: -cytotropoblasts -syncytiotropoblasts Endometral Cells differentiate into Decidua |
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Ovary |
-Medulla: middle -Cortex: outside, contains ovarian follicles -covered by Germinal Epithelium -Tunica Albuginea lies between germinal epi & the cortex |
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Follicle Development Stages |
1) Primordial Follicle 2) Primary Follicle 4) Secondary Follicle 5) Mature Graafian Follicle |
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Primordial Follicle |
-single layer of squamous follicular cells surround oocyte |
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Primary Follicle |
-Follicular stimulating Hormone (FSH) -squamous follicular cells become cuboidal granulosa cells -Oocyte enlarges -creation of Zona Pellucia (surrounds oocyte) -granulosa cells proliferate & become stratified -Theca interna & theca externa form around granulosar cells |
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Secondary Follicle |
-characterized by fluid-filled atrium -deeper in cortex -increase in size -oocyte maturation inhibitor controls the size of the secondary follicle |
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Mature Graavian Follicle |
-cumulus oophorus: made of granulosa cells, hold the oocyte in the antrum -large size, extends through the full thickness of the cortex |
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Corpus Luteum |
-collapsed follicle becomes corpus luteum after ovulation -Granulosa & theca interna cells become luteal cells, increase in size -secrete progesterone & estrogen -Granulosa cells > Theca cells -if fertilization doesn't occur, the corpus luteum only lasts 14 days -if pregnant, it lasts ~3 months (placenta takes over hormone secretion after ~2 months) |
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Fallopian Tubes |
-site of fertilization -transport the ovum from the ovary to the uterus Wall has 3 layers: -serosa (outermost) -muscularis (thick circular layer, thin longitudinal layer) -mucosa (simple columnar epi, ciliated cells most common, non-ciliated peg cells are secretory) |
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Uterus |
wall layers: -endometrium (glands, simple columnar, menstrual cycle)
-myometrium (thickest wall layer, 3 layers of muscle: inner & outer are parallel to long axis, middle layer has BV & is circular)
-perimetrium (thin outside layer, has mesothelium & a layer of elastic tissue) |
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Cervix |
-separates the uterus from the vagina -endocerix: 2/3, part that's in the uterus -ectocervix: portion that projects into the vagina -abrupt change from simple columnar to stratified squamous epi |
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Vagina |
-fibromuscular tube that joins internal reproductive organs to the external environment -stratified squamous non-keratinized epi -lacks glands -undergoes cyclic changes: epi thickens and is sloughed off during menstrual phase -Smooth muscle coat: inner = circular, outer = longitudinal |
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Vulva |
-keratinized stratified squamous epi
Mons pubis -rounded prominece over the pubic symphysis
Labia Majora -2 large folds of skin -large amount of adipose tissue -scrotum skin (hair)
Labia Minora -paired, hairless folds of skin -melanin pigment -penis skin |
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Breast |
-contain mammary glands, which are modified apocrine sweat glands
Inactive State: in this state unless pregnant
Active State: caused by estrogen & progesterone, breasts grow, massive proliferation, milk is secreted after birth |
