Histology Of Male And Female Reproductive System

Front 1

Testes contain small convoluted seminiferous tubules whose ________ epithelium provide male germ cells known as spermatozoa.

Back 1

Germinal Epithelium

Front 2

What predisposes boys to develop germ cell tumors?

Back 2

Cryptorchidism

Front 3

What is an assay of spermatazoa and seminal fluid that can help determine reproductive status and fertility in men?

Back 3

Semen Analysis

Front 4

How long does spermatogenesis take and where does it occur?

Back 4

65-75 days and occurs in seminiferous epithelium

Front 5

What are the 5 components of the sperm?

Back 5

1. head (nucleus and acrosome)
2. centriole pair (neck)
3. helically arranged mitochondria (middle)
4. and 5. principal and end pieces have the axoneme

Front 6

What are the important parameters of measured by the semen analysis?

Back 6

concentration, morphology and motility of the sperm

Front 7

What is a malignancy of the testis?

Back 7

Seminoma

Front 8

What type of cells are Leydig cells tumors derived from?

Back 8

Testicular Stroma

Front 9

What type of cells are Sertolli cell tumors derived from?

Back 9

Sex-cord stroma

Front 10

What cells help to produce sperm?

Back 10

Leydig cells

Front 11

What cells nourish and grown sperm cells?

Back 11

Sertoli cells

Front 12

What are invasive germ cell neoplasms accounting for 95% of solid tumors in men 15 to 35 years old?

Back 12

Seminomas

Front 13

How many seminiferous tubules does each testis have?

Back 13

600-1200 seminiferous tubules

Front 14

Interstitial CT contains Leydig cells which produce what?

Back 14

Testosterone

Front 15

What is an epithelium that contains Spermatogenic (germ) cells and Sertoli cells?

Back 15

Seminiferous Epithelium

Front 16

What is an usual complex of stratified epithelium with 2 cells populations?

Back 16

Seminiferous Epithelium

Front 17

What is the site of spermatogenesis?

Back 17

Seminferous tubules

Front 18

What are irregular columnar cells that extend from the vasal lamina to the lumen and provide structural organization to the tubule?

Back 18

Sertoli cells

Front 19

What cells synthesize androgen-binding proteins which is necessary for spermatogenesis?

Back 19

Sertoli cells

Front 20

What are germ cells located in the Sertolli cells?

Back 20

Spermatogenic cells

Front 21

What cells are located in the seminferous tubules of the Interstitial CT and synthesize testosterone?

Back 21

Intertstitial cells of Leydig

Front 22

Seminal vesicles produce the most prominent ingredient of human semen.what is it?

Back 22

Seminal Plasma

Front 23

What produces the slightly alkaline, viscous fluid in the semen?

Back 23

Seminal Vesicles

Front 24

What produces a secretion rich in citric acid, lipids, zinc, and acid phosphatase?

Back 24

Prostate Gland

Front 25

What secretes a viscous mucus fluid into the urethra that provides lubrication before ejaculation?

Back 25

Bulbourethral Gland

Front 26

What are the 5 phases of sperm production?

Back 26

1. Spermatogonia type 1
2. spermatogonia type 2
3. primary spermatocyte
4. secondary spermatocyte
5. spermatid

Front 27

In the male, the Umbilical A supplies what?

Back 27

Ductus Deferens

Front 28

In the female, the Umbilical A supplies what?

Back 28

superior vesicle of the bladder

Front 29

What is a muscular tube that is approximately 45 cm long and converys sperm from the epipdymis to the ejaculatory duct?

Back 29

Ductus Deferens

Front 30

Describe the epithelium of the epididymus?

Back 30

Pseudostratified epithelium

Front 31

What are the 3 parts of the epididymus?

Back 31

head
body
tail

Front 32

What is an inflammation of the epididymis and is frequently caused by bacterial infection and can lead to male infertility?

Back 32

Epididymitis

Front 33

Where does the ductus deferens enter into the pelvic cavity?

Back 33

At deep inguinal ring LATERAL to the inferior epigastric artery

Front 34

State the ducts that merge to form the ejaculatory ducts.

Back 34

Ductus deferens and Seminal Vesicles ducts

Front 35

Where does the bulbourethral gland open into the urethra?

Back 35

at the Spongy Urethra

Front 36

The ampulla of the Ductus Deferens sits on top of what?

Back 36

Seminal Vesicle

Front 37

What is a minor surgical method that produces permanent sterility?

Back 37

Vasectomy

Front 38

Approximately how long is the ductus deferens?

Back 38

40 cm

Front 39

What type of epithelium does the Ductus Deferens have?

Back 39

Pseudostratified Epithelium composed of tall columnar cells with apical stereocilia and basal stem cells

Front 40

How is prostate cancer diagnosed?

Back 40

by an indurated area in the gland palpated on rectal exam as well as a PSA test

Front 41

What is Indurated Area?

Back 41

localized hardening of the prostate gland, the area is firm but not as hard as bone

Front 42

Where does the prostate gland surround the urethra?

Back 42

below the neck of the urethra

Front 43

What is invested by a thin connective tissue capsule and comprise a collection of 50 compound tubulo-aveolar glands lined by pseudostratified epithelium?

Back 43

Prostate Gland

Front 44

Prostate secretions are what percent of the ejaculate volume? What enzymes does it contain?

Back 44

10-20% of ejaculate volume- contains acid phosphatase, citric acid, zinc, and prostate-specific antigen.

Front 45

What affects about 30% of men older than 50 years old and is caused by hypertrophy and hyperplasia of glandular and stromal cells in the prostate gland?

Back 45

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy

Front 46

What is the most common malignant tumor in men?

Back 46

adenocarcinoma of the prostate

Front 47

What would be elevated with someone who has adenocarcinoma of the prostate?

Back 47

serine protease prostate specific antigen (PSA)

Front 48

A supranuclear Golgi complex, lots of rER, and many apical secretory vesicles in the cytoplasm of the columnar cells are in what type of epithelium?

Back 48

Prostatic Epithelium

Front 49

Pseudostratified epithelium of secretory alveoli in the prostate consists of what type of cells?

Back 49

small basal cells and tall columnar cells

Front 50

What is the major role of the tall columnar cells in prostatic epithelium?

Back 50

synthesis and secretion of citric acid, lipids, and acid phosphatase

Front 51

Seminal vesicles are rare but if they do arise they come from ________.

Back 51

epithelium

Front 52

What can hold 2 to 2.5 ml of seminal fluid and has an elaborately folded mucosa that resembles a honeycomb?

Back 52

seminal vesicle

Front 53

What is secreted by the seminal vesicles?

Back 53

Fructose (main one), potassium ions, and prostaglandins

Front 54

The underlying lamina propria of the seminal vesicles is _____.

Back 54

rich in elastic fibers

Front 55

State the 3 parts of the male urethra?

Back 55

Prostatic
Membranous
Spongy

Front 56

The prostatic urethra is lined mostly by what type of epithelium?

Back 56

transitional epithelium (urothelium) with openings for paired ejaculatory ducts and ducts of the prostate

Front 57

Membranous Urethra is lined by what type of epithelium?

Back 57

Stratified Columnar Epi

Front 58

Spongy urethra is lined by what type of epithelium?

Back 58

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Front 59

What is the part of the broad ligament that supports the uterus on both sides?

Back 59

Mesometrium

Front 60

What supports the ovary and is an extension of the broad ligament?

Back 60

Mesovarium

Front 61

What is a common cause of female infertility?

Back 61

PID- pelvic inflammatory disease- often a serious complication of bacterial infection assoc. with STD

Front 62

The vagina lumen is lined by what type of epithelium?

Back 62

stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium

Front 63

Why do surface cells of the vaginal lumen epithelium seem washed out?

Back 63

variable amounts of glycogen

Front 64

What represents 90% of Ovarian malignancies?

Back 64

Epithelial ovarian carcinomas

Front 65

What covers each ovary?

Back 65

Ovarian surface epithelium (visceral peritoneum)

Front 66

What harbors oocytes containing ovarian follicles of various sizes?

Back 66

Outer cortex of the ovary

Front 67

What part of the ovary contains loose connective tissue with many blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics?

Back 67

Inner Medulla

Front 68

State the 5 parts of the fallopian tube

Back 68

Intramural Region
Isthmus
ampulla
infundibulum
fimbria

Front 69

What part of the fallopian tube is open to the peritoneal cavity?

Back 69

infundibulum

Front 70

What is the thin walled and longest region of the fallopian tube?

Back 70

ampulla

Front 71

Where does fertilization normally take place?

Back 71

ampulla

Front 72

What is a narrow thick walled segment of the fallopian tube nearest to the uterine wall?

Back 72

isthmus

Front 73

What part of the tube traverses the uterine wall?

Back 73

Uterine segment of fallopian tube

Front 74

What type of epithelium do the fallopian tubes have?

Back 74

Simple columnar epithelium with peg cells and ciliated cells

Front 75

Approximately how long are the fallopian tubes?

Back 75

12 to 15cm long

Front 76

Describe the lamina propria of the fallopian tubes.

Back 76

highly cellular LP

Front 77

What is a common site of ectopic pregnancies?

Back 77

uterine tube

Front 78

What is the role of Peg cells in the epithelium of Fallopian Tubes?

Back 78

To secrete a nutritive fluid that facilitates capacitation of spermatozoa. (capture sperms cells, "pegs them")

Front 79

How do you distinguish peg cells and ciliated cells when looking at a histo slide of the fallopian tubes?

Back 79

pegs cells have no cilia

Front 80

What are the 3 walls of the uterus?

Back 80

Endometrium
Myometrium
Perimetrium

Front 81

What part of the uterus is composed of simple columnar epithelium with 2 layers?

Back 81

Endometrium

Front 82

What layer of the endometrium is lost during menstruation?

Back 82

Superficial functional layer

Front 83

What are the 2 layers of the endometrium?

Back 83

Deep Basal Layer
Superficial Functional Layer

Front 84

What part of the uterus is composed of smooth muscle, CT, and prominent blood vessels?

Back 84

Myometrium (body of uterus)

Front 85

What part of the uterus is composed of the peritoneal layer of the broad ligament?

Back 85

perimetrium

Front 86

Blood vessels in the myometrium of the uterus are located in what?

Back 86

stratum vascular

Front 87

What are benign tumors of the uterus that arise from localized hyperplasia of the myometrium?

Back 87

Leiomyomas- aka fibroids- most common tumor in the female pelvis

Front 88

What is it called when endometrial tissue appears at unusual locations in the abdomen and pelvis of women between puberty and menopause?

Back 88

Endometriosis

Front 89

The endocervix is lined by what epithelium?

Back 89

simple columnar epithelium

Front 90

The exocervix is lined by what epithelium?

Back 90

stratified squamous nonkeratinized epith.

Front 91

The upper part of the cervical canal is lined by a mucous membrane known as what?

Back 91

endocervix

Front 92

What is the lower part of the portio vaginalis lined by?

Back 92

exocervix- continuous with vaginal mucosa

Front 93

The cervical canal is lined by what epithelium?

Back 93

Simple columnar epithelium and is filled with mucus

Front 94

Occlusion of the mucus glands in the cervical canal will lead to what?

Back 94

Nabothian cysts

Front 95

What in the cervix is an abrupt squamo-columnar junction?

Back 95

Transformation zone- just above the external os of the cervix. Most cervical cancers arise here.

Front 96

What is the 2nd most common cancer in women and is the leading cause of cancer related deaths in underdeveloped countries?

Back 96

Cervical cancer

Front 97

Where do most cervical cancers arise from?

Back 97

Transformational zone

Front 98

What do you notice about the Sertolli cells verse the Interstitial cells of Leydig?

Back 98

Their location, Sertolli cells are inside the capsule of the seminferous tubule and Leydig cells are in the interstitium

Front 99

What is labeled by D?

Back 99

Tails of Spermatozoa

Front 100

What is this an image of? What is unique about it's lumen?

Back 100

Vas Deferens with a lumen the size of 0.5cm and lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

Front 101

Where in the prostate gland does carcinoma usually arise?

Back 101

anywhere but most commonly in the posterior lobe near the outer margins

Front 102

What is this an image of?

Back 102

Prostate gland- invested by thin connective tissue capsule and has 50 compound tubulo-alveolar glands

Front 103

Most prostate adenocarcinoma arise in what zone?

Back 103

peripheral zone

Front 104

What is this an image of?

Back 104

Prostatic epithelium

Front 105

What is this an image of?

Back 105

Seminal Vesicle

Hint 105

notice the mucosal folds

Front 106

What is this an image of?

Back 106

Transitional epithelium of Prostatic Urethra Epithelium

Front 107

What part of the penis is this?

Back 107

Corpus Spongiosum

Front 108

What kind of epithelium does the fossa navicularis have?

Back 108

stratified squamous epith.

Front 109

This is an image of the ovary, what is the large cell?

Back 109

Mature (Graafian) ovarian follicle

Front 110

In this histo image of the vagina, what is the epithelium?

Back 110

stratified squamous nonkertanized epithelium

Front 111

What structure is this found in?

Back 111

Ovary

Front 112

What is this an image of?

Back 112

Fallopian tube

Hint 112

notice the Secretory cells (Peg cells) and the Ciliated cells.

Front 113

What is this an image of? This is in the female.

Back 113

fallopian tube

Hint 113

Note the mucosal folds

Front 114

What is the perimetrium composed of?

Back 114

peritoneal layer of broad ligament

Front 115

What phase is this endometrium in?

Back 115

Early follicular Proliferative phase

Front 116

What is this an image of?

Back 116

Nabothian cysts on cervix

Front 117

What part of the cervix is this found?

Back 117

Endocervix- note the simple columnar epithelium

Front 118

What part of the cervix is this?

Back 118

Exocervix- stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium devoid of glands