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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Components of Genital ducts
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Epididymis; Ductus deferens; ejaculatory duct; Urethra
All are paired except urethra |
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What are the major genital glands?
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Seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethral glands
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Where are sperm formed?
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Convoluted portions of seminiferous tubule of testes
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What cells produce male sex hormones?
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leydig cells in CT of testes
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Sperm leave the straight portions of seminiferous tubules to enter the _______
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rete testis, in mediastinum of testis
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What is the ampulla?
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Area where ductus deferens enlarges and is joined at duct by seminal vesicle
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Which gland is posterior to urinary bladder?
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Paired seminal vesicles
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What secretes into the beginning of penile urethra?
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Paired bulbourethral glands
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When do spermatogonia (diploid precursor cells) begin to divide by mitosis?
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puberty
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When do oogonia (diploid precursor cells) begin to divide by mitosis?
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before birth ONLY
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Visceral portion of tunica vaginalis overlies __________, while the parietal portion of tunica vaginalis overlies _________
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tunica albuginea; internal scrotal wall (other side of processus vaginalis)
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What lines processus vaginalis?
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visceral and parietal layers of tunica vaginalis
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What epithelium does tunica vaginalis have?
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Simple squamous
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The mediastinum (formed from tunica albuginea) contains the ___________, the beginning of the ducts that transport sperm outside
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rete testis
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What makes the blood - testis barrier?
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Tight junctions between adjacent Sertoli cells.
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Where are spermatogonia found?
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Basal lamina portion of blood-testis barrier
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Primary spermatocytes are ______ bigger than spermatogonia and foudn in the _________ direction
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1.5 times; apical (moving upward towards lumen)
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How do nuclei size of secondary spermatocytes compare to spermatogonia ?
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about same size
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What is luteinizing hormone called in males and what does it do?
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Called interstitial cell stimulating hormones (ICSH), Stimulates Interstitial cells of Leydig to produce steroids.
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What regulates Sertoli cells?
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Follicle stimulating hormone from gonadotrope cells in adenohypophysis
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T/F Sertoli cells do not divide
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T
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What is difference between early and late spermatids?
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Spermatids undergo cytodifferentiations to form spermatozoa by spermiogenesis.
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What happens during spermiogenesis?
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Intercellular bridges break down, nucleus condenses and elongates, acrosome forms (has hydrolytic enzymes and penetrates zona pellucida); flagellum forms from diplosome
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What lines efferent ducts that connect rete testis with epididymis?
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Simple epithelium with scalloped border composed of alternating taller, ciliated cells and shorter cuboidal cells. Function to propel spermatozoa and resorb testicular fluid
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What are the coni vasculi?
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As the efferent ducts exit the testis, they become highly coiled and form conical structures, the coni vasculi, who broad bases form part of the head of epididymis
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As convoluted tubules enlarge during puberty, what happens to the mediastinum?
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It gets pushed to posterior of testis
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Regions of epididymis
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Head, body, tail
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What's the composition and function of head region of epididymis?
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Contains duct of epididymis, a single duct formed by fusion of efferent ducts.
Functions as storage site for sperm, absorbing excess fluid, movement of sperm towards ductus deferens |
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Scallopy border resulting from tall and short epithelial cells is diagnostic for what?
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efferent ducts (connecting rete testis of mediastinum with duct of epididymis)
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What's the difference in shape between epididymal and efferent ducts?
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Epididymal duct is smooth; efferent ducts are scalloped
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What comprises the spermatic cord?
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Ductus deferens (carries sperm); CT, nerves, testicular artery; pampiniform plexus
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What is the thick muscular tube specialized to propel sperm from duct of epididymis to ejaculatory duct of prostate?
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Ductus deferens
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What is purpose of pampiniform plexus?
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To exchange heat to make sure testes dont get too hot
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What provides the bulk of seminal fluid including fructose, proteins, etc?
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Seminal vesicles, paired glands posterior to bladder
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What helps distinguish seminal vesicle from ampulla of oviduct?
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Central lumen, and numerous arcades surrounding it
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What are the prostatic concretions?
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Lamellated spherical bodies that are condensations of secretory products. Increase with age.
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What epithelium lines prostate?
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pseudostratified columnar
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What are the 3 cylinders of erectile tissue in penis?
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corpus cavernosa (dorsal, paired); corpus spongiosum
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Deep artery supplies __________
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each corpus cavernosum
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What are the glands of Littre?
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mucus secreting glands in corpus spongiosum
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What causes erection?
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parasympathetic activity causes relaxation of smooth muscle/dilation of deep and helicine arteries, allowing filling of cavernous spaces to expand tissue that pushes against tunica albuginea
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Which becomes more erect: corpus cavernosum or spongiosum?
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Cavernosum. Tunica albuginea is thinner in spongiosum.
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What makes up the coni vasculosi?
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Coiled efferent duct; surrounding connective tissue, and vasculature
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What is mediastinum formed from?
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Tunica albuginea
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What are diagnostic for the prostate?
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presence of prostatic concretions
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What are sterocilia?
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tall microvilli, not cilia.
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epithelium of rete testis
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Low cuboidal
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