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80 Cards in this Set
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CCC |
Civilian Conservation Corps 1933-1942 New Deal public work relief program. Setup jobs for young men to help families. Also setup an awareness for natural resource conservation. Helped begin to movement of Government setup programs to create jobs for the people of the United States. |
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TVA |
Tennessee Valley Authority Chartered May 1933 Concept was to modernize the Tennessee Valley which had been particularly devastated by the Great Depression. Development came in forms of bring electricity to the area, creating harvestable soil, and economic development. It was the first and is currently the largest regional planning agency of the US Federal Government. |
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Langston Hughes |
Black Harlem Renaissance Poet 1920s Hughes was one of the leaders of the Harlem Renaissance, as he was recognized for his poetic genius and was seen as both an intellectual and an important writer for the African American community. Believed being black during the Harlem Renaissance was the style. |
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100% Americanism |
1920s Idea that America is the greatest thing in the world. Attacking all things viewed foreign, anti-American, or otherwise. People were expected to act and look like full-blown American. Programs enforcing nationalism. |
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Theda Bara |
American Silent Film Actress 1914-1926 Theda Bara was one of the most popular actresses of the silent film era. She also was one of the first sex symbols in cinema. |
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"Culture of Celebrity" |
1920s The increasing popularization of important people in American Culture based on sports, film, music, etc. Radio and TV made the expansion possible. |
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How the Other Half Lives |
Book by Jacob Riis 1890 Book revealing the severe problems with Tenement Housing for new immigrants. Was basis for future muckrakers to follow. |
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Upton Sinclair |
Famous muckraking Author 1906 Wrote The Jungle which exposed the problems in the meatpacking industry. Caused the Pure Food and Drug Act & the Meat Inspection Act indirectly with his books. |
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New Nationalism |
Teddy Roosevelt & Progressives 1910 Teddy Roosevelt's campaigning political philosophy. Wanted to increase power of the federal government so that the economy and social justices could be better regulated by the government. Biggest emphasis was on human welfare. |
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Australian Ballot |
Secret Ballot Post 1884 System of voting used by America post election of 1884 where secret ballot became the move. It became official for the election of Grover Cleveland in 1892. |
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Bolshevik |
1912 Group of Russians that broke apart the from the Mensheviks, they later became the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. |
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Cotton Club |
Harlem Renaissance Club 1920 Housed many famous black performers during the Harlem Renaissance. White people would come and watch them perform there. Blacks were not allowed through the same doors as whites, even though they could perform for them. |
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Strike of 1919 |
Steel Strike 1919 American Federation of Labor organized iron and steel workers into unions. Went on strike to get union meetings allowed to meet. Eventually people gave up and went back to work. Result was no more union strikes organized for a long time. |
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Jim Crow |
Post 1865 to 1965 Laws that established segregation in the South. Followed black codes and were excuse for excessive violence towards African Americans post their release from slavery. |
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Scientific Management |
1911 Frederick Winslow Taylor method to maximize efficiency in regards to the economy through work production. Also known as Taylorism. |
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Sacco & Vanzetti |
1920 Two Italian men that killed a guard in a robbery of a shoe factory. After many appeals the two were eventually sentenced to death, being convicted of murder in the first degree. |
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Josephine Baker |
1934 African American French performer. She became famous for being an exotic performer, known as the "Black Pearl". She refused to perform for segregated crowds, remaining extremely popular despite that fact. Big role in civil rights movement. |
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AAA |
Agricultural Adjustment Act 1933 New Deal Law, paid farmers to not plant on parts of their fields and kill of part of their crop. Goal was to reduce crop surplus and raise value of each individual crop. Created new agency, Agricultural Adjustment Administration. |
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Heterodoxy |
1930s Style of economic practice considered outside of the ordinary, or orthodox, economy. Examples are Keynesianism, socialism, marxism, etc. |
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NRA |
National Rifle Association 1934 Nonprofit organization designed to protect the second amendment. Informs its members of firearm related bills in circulation since 1934. Originally intended to teach marksmanship, has been modified to teach gun competency and safety. |
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Convict Lease |
1880 Picked up right after emancipation of slaves, was system of using those convicted of crimes to work for big name companies to give them cheap labor. Since African Americans were often targeted for crimes, they were the ones abused by this practice. Continued until 1928 |
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New Freedom |
Progressivism 1913-1916 Series of acts enacted by Woodrow Wilson while he had control of congress. Focused on 3 main things, Tariff Reform, Business Reform, & Bank Reform. |
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"New Immigrants" |
1880-1920 Wave of new immigrants coming to America, coming from Italy, Russia, Slavic countries, and other European countries. Most were catholics and Jews. Contributed to the growth of New York City. |
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No Conscription League |
1917 Organization founded by anarchists Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman. Started in response to draft before WWI. Opposed the Government enforcing the draft, saw it as a violation of citizens liberty. Went against Wilson's Espionage Act, which prohibited anyone from impeding the work of the Government during War time. |
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Equal Rights Amendment |
1923 Proposed Amendment for the equality of women. It was never fully ratified and therefore never passed into being a Constitutional Amendment. Written by Alice Paul & Crystal Eastman |
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"It's Toasted" |
Lucky Strike Cigarettes 1917 Slogan for the Lucky Strike Cigarette Company in 1917. Used to tell people their tobacco was toasted instead of sundried, making it supposedly taste better. |
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Eugene V. Debs |
1917 American Union Leader. Multiple time candidate for the Socialist Party. Was arrested in 1918 under the Espionage Act of 1917 for speaking out against those that went to join WWI. |
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The Flesh & The Devil |
1926 Romantic Drama silent film. Had first onscreen kiss between couple |
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Nosferatu |
1922 Silent horror movie about a vampire who could charm woman and control them. |
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Sharecropping |
1865-1877 System of agriculture where land owner allows tenant to use land in exchange for part of their harvest. Was a legal way to keep slaves on plantations after given freedom since there was not much else they could do. Allowed for land owners to make unfair rules so sharecroppers would be trapped working there. |
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Great Migration |
1910-1930 Movement of African Americans from South to North, West, and Midwest. First wave was before Great Depression with most going up North into cities looking for work and new life. |
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WEB DuBois |
William Edward Burghardt 1909 African American sociologist, historian, and civil rights activist. Co-Founder of NAACP. Wanted Equal Rights for black, thought the opposite of Booker T Washington, who believed submitting to white rule and working hard for success was the move. |
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Chain Migration |
1880-1920 Idea that a particular group of immigrants from a certain town will follow the rest of the squad to the same neighborhood in America. |
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Grandfather Clause |
1898-1915 Policy effecting the rights of voters in the United States. Only allowed voters the right to vote if their Grandfather was able to vote. Was done as a way of keeping African Americans from voting. 15th amendment made it unconstitutional. |
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Workingman's Party |
Workingmen's Party of California 1870s American Labor Organization led by Denis Kearney. Was aimed at stopping Chinese Labor and against the Central Pacific Railroad for utilizing Chinese immigrant workers. Eventually led to Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882. |
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Huey Long |
40th Governor of Louisiana, US Senate 1928-1935 Was an outspoken politician against the rich and in favor of sharing the wealth. Share Our Wealth program in 1934 proposed a new way to redistribute wealth through taxes to help end poverty and homelessness. Slogan "Every Man a King". |
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Johnson Reed Act |
Immigration Act of 1924 1924 Created national quotas to limit the amount of immigrants coming into the US. Completely excluded any immigrants from Asian countries. |
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Chinese Exclusion Act |
1882 US Government Law restricting all immigrants from China from entry into the United States. Initially intended to last ten years but was extended. Repealed by the Magnuson Act in 1943. |
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Volstead Act |
National Prohibition Act 1920 Enacted to uphold the 18th amendment, the prohibition of alcohol in the United States. Job was to prohibit intoxicating beverages, regulate sale, transportation and manufacturing of liquor, and the promotion of alcohol into lawful industries. |
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Black Tuesday |
10/29/1929 Stock values dropped $14 billion. Was the start of the crash of the stock market. |
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"Buying on Margins" |
1929 Act of buying stocks on basis where if the stock plummets you pay the difference. Caused many people to lose money and assisted the crashing of the stock market. |
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"Migrant Mother" |
1930s Portrait of a woman with her children. Depicts the hardship the Great Depression brought upon everyone. |
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Keynesianism |
1936 Theories by John Keynes. Believes that problems in economy are caused by total spending, or aggregate demand. Private sector influences public sector. |
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Hawley-Smoot |
Tariff Act of 1930 1930 Raised tariffs on goods from outside the United States. Done as a way to promote the purchasing of goods from within the country over those from outside the country. |
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Scopes Trial |
1925 Case where Substitute Teacher John Scopes was accused of violating the Butler Act in Tennessee, which made the teaching of evolution in a classroom unlawful. Was found guilty and fined $100, but the case was overturned. Was all done as a way to get publicity to Dayton, Tennessee. |
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Dust Bowl |
1930s Dust storms that took place across the United States. Ravished agriculture and impacted American economy negatively. Drought came in three waves, 1934, 1936 and 1939. Farmers uprooted sol in Great Plains, which caused the storms to stir up. |
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Bonus Marchers |
1932 March where US Army Veterans went to the capital demanding their checks be cashed and their promised money be given to them. The US Government turned them away forcibly. |
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Unemployment Councils |
Unemployed Council of the USA (UC) 1930 Mass organization of Communist Party in the US during 1930. Brought together unemployed workers with hopes to eventually overturn capitalism entirely. |
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Glass-Steagall Act |
Banking Act of 1933 1933 Established Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). Joined together a Federal system of banking deposit insurance and the regulation of commercial and investment combination banks. |
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"Oakies" |
Okies 1930s Term in California used to describe farmers from Oklahoma that got disheveled from their farms due to the Dust Bowl. While prominently referring to Oklahomans, it is not limited to just them. |
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Charles Coughlin |
1934 Father Coughlin, had a radio show. Use to support FDR & the New Deal, but eventually came to see him as too kind to bankers and began speaking out against him and his policies. Began spewing anti-Semitic statements on the radio and supporting some of Hitler's policies towards the late 1930s. |
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Share the Wealth |
1934 Programs proposed by Huey Long to redistribute the wealth as to rid the world of poverty and homelessness. Prevented anyone from having 300x the normal average family income. |
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United Negro Improvement Association |
1920s Founded by Marcus Garvey. Was the driving force behind many other black right groups that came about. Worked until Marcus Garvey was deported, leaving the organizing with two groups claiming the name. |
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Black Monday |
1929 Day before Black Tuesday. Day when stock markets began to crash in the United States |
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"Pack the Court" |
Judicial Procedures Reform Bill of 1937 1937 Created by FDR. Called the court-packing plan. Goal was to add more justices to supreme court so FDR could gain more support for his New Deal legislation. |
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Lynching |
Post 1865 The practice of hanging someone for breaking any number of laws. Was mostly used against African Americans and Spanish Americans after the slaves were freed and in America during segregation. Was common practice by the KKK. Also done to Jews. |
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Firebombing |
1940s Technique in which you damage your enemy using fire. This was practiced by the United States through the use of napalm against the Japanese during WWII. |
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"We Do Our Part" |
Blue Eagle 1933 Symbol in the US showing compliance of companies with the National Industrial Recovery Act. Symbol earned through compliance with FDR's Re-employment Agreement or Code of Fair Competition. Consumers were promoted to buy from only places displaying Blue Eagle. "We Do Our Part" Slogan. |
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"Fireside Chat" |
1930s FDR's radio show. Used to communicate with the public to gain public support on political matters, as well as make the American people feel comfortable with their president and safe during a time of much despair. |
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Social Security Act |
1935 Passed as part of the Second New Deal. Took portion of taxes and put it towards a fund to help support the elderly. Became accessible past a certain age. Was aimed to be able to live off of in older age, although it is less possible to do that now. |
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The Wagner Act |
National Labor Relations Act of 1935 1935 Protects basic rights of private sector workers to unionize into trade unions and participate in collective bargaining to better working conditions or wages. Also created National Labor Relations Board. |
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Palmer Raids |
1919-1920 Series of raids led by the United States Department of Justice to get rid of all radical left wing people. Led by Mitchell Palmer, he deported many, creating a problem with the US Department of Labor as deportation was their jurisdiction. Occurred during height of Red Scare when people were afraid to speak out against the Government. |
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WPA |
Works Progress Administration 1935-1943 Most ambitious part of New Deal. Created many public work projects for the unemployed to join, employing millions and helping people out during the post Great Depression struggle. |
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Lend Lease |
1941-1945 Policy created by the US to supply France, Great Britain, China and Russia with food, oil, and other materials to help them out during war time. Aid in general was free, despite some hardware that was returned after the war. In exchange, US was given leases to be at allied territories and bases during the war. |
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CIO |
Committee of Industrial Organizations 1935 Federation that unionized industrial workers. Supported FDR & New Deal, as well as welcomed African Americans. Competed against the American Federation of Labor for many years before merging with it to create the AFL-CIO |
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John L. Lewis |
1930s-1940s President of United Mine Workers of America and was a huge force behind the founding of the CIO. Helped FDR gain lots of support in 1936, but being an isolationist flaked on him during the 1940s. |
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"Sit Down" |
1920s-1965 Method of protests developed during the Civil Rights struggle by Martin Luther King. Goal was for protests to be nonviolent and for people to be completely acquiescent with the consequences of their law breaking actions. Believed method showed upmost respect for law. |
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Midway |
Battle of Midway 1942 Crucial and decisive naval battle in Pacific Theatre during WWII. Defeated incoming threat of Imperial Japanese Navy. Attack was intended to be like Pearl Harbor. |
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Memorial Day Massacre |
1937 Incident in which ten unarmed protestors were shot in Chicago by the Chicago Police Department. Took place during Little Steel Strike. |
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Treaty of Versailles |
1919 Peace treaty at the end of WWI that established reparations the Germans and their compatriots had to pay in response to the war. Created significant hardship on the Germans, as well as hurt their pride. Part of the push to WWII |
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Rape of Nanking |
Nanking Massacre 1937 Mass massacre and raping of people in Nanjing in China by Japanese soldiers during WWII. Death number ranges between 40,000 and 300,000. |
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A Day that Will Live in Infamy |
FDR Speech 1941 Speech given by FDR directly after the Pearl Harbor incident. Declared their entrance into WWII and remains one of the most famous speeches in American history. |
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Popular Front |
Communist Party 1930s Board coalition of different political groupings. However, also refers to the communist party during the 1930s, in which the Popular Front was the group resisting Fascism. |
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Emma Goldman |
1917 Co-Founder of No Conscription League, was female political activist that faced jail after creating the No Conscription League to oppose the draft incited by the Government. |
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Margaret Sanger |
1916 Opened up first birth control clinic in the US, which led to her getting sentenced to jail time due to distribution of information on contraception. Clinic eventually grew into the Planned Parenthood Federation of America. Iconic figure in reproductive rights. |
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Eugenics |
Late 19th & Early 20th Century 1940s Idea that one race is superior to another based on genetic qualities. Ideas were used in Hitler's campaign, creating an ideal race with ideal characteristics to go against the Jews. |
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Associationalism |
1900-1920 Idea that human welfare and liberty are both best served when self governing bodies run societal affairs. Used by Teddy Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson. |
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19th Amendment |
1920 Amendment to the constitution that the right to vote could not be withheld from somebody based on their gender. Gave women the right to vote. |
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Nickelodeons |
1905-1915 Small, five cent admission theaters that showed motion pictures outside converted store fronts. |
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"Separate Spheres" |
1920s Ideology that men and women work two different "spheres" of the world, with the men being the workers and dealing with the outside world while women deal with the home and children. Distinct ideology during the Industrial Revolution. |
