Hermeneutics Unit Two

Front 1

How are words arbitrary signs?

Signs:

Back 1

The combine:

1. Semantic sounds (spoken communication) and

2. Symbols (written communication or thoughts that communicate a concept)

Hint 1

📢 and ✏

Front 2

How are words arbitrary signs?

Arbitrary:

Back 2

Arbitrary because users of a language somewhat randomly decide what meaning(s) to assign to each word

Hint 2

🤷🏼‍♀️

Front 3

4 types of word meanings

1. Referential

Back 3

The object, action, or idea to which a word refers is called the REFERENT.

Every word has a REFERENTIAL meaning.

Ex: A dog is outside my house. DOG

Hint 3

🐕

Front 4

4 types of word meanings

2. Denotative

Back 4

The meaning MOST people understand for the word in MOST contexts.

Ex: A dog is outside my house. Dog = a domesticated carnivorous mammal.

Hint 4

🥩🐕

Front 5

4 types of word meanings

3. Connotative

Back 5

This is a SPECIAL meaning a certain group of people has for the word in certain contexts.

Ex: A dog is outside my house. To Jews, that meant a gentile or unbeliever.

Hint 5

🐕 ✡

Front 6

4 types of word meanings

4. Contextual

Back 6

The immediate context (the words around a specific word) limits the meaning of the word.

The word must be combined with other words to convey a larger concept.

Ex: piece of jewelry vs piece of pie

Hint 6

💍 vs 🥧

Front 7

How does a word's immediate

context limit its meaning?

Back 7

Rarely can an entire concept be communicated in one word. The surrounding words shape and guide the concept. We have to consider context, background, and historical setting.

Front 8

When we interpret the Bible, what

do we mean by HOST and RECEPTOR

language?

Back 8

HOST: Hebrew, Greek, or Aramaic

RECEPTOR: English, in our case

Front 9

What does this statement mean: "most words have multiple meanings"

Back 9

Some meanings overlap, like the 8 meanings of kosmos.

"I can can a can of peas while doing the can-can"

Front 10

Why and how can a word's meaning change over time?

How does this affect Biblical hermeneutics?

Back 10

We are reading:

Hebrew from 2400-3600 years ago.

Greek from almost 2000 years ago.

The word's original meaning (what we should use) can vary greatly from its meaning later.

Hint 10

KJV

"mean man"

"peculiar"

"suffer"

Front 11

Define:

Synchronicity

Diachronic

Which is more important for a Bible interpreter?

Back 11

Synchronic - "with time" - at the current time it is used (more important)

Diachronic - "through time" - how its meaning changes over time (less important)

Front 12

Can a Hebrew or Greek

word have a one-to-one

correspondence in English?

Back 12

No. Sometimes the same English word is used to translate different Hebrew or Greek words.

Ex: love = agape, philõ, eros, etc

Hint 12

❤🧡💛💚💚💙💜

Front 13

When the same English word

can be used to translate different

Hebrew or Greek words, what

challenges does this present?

Back 13

Context will help determine meaning.

Use a semantic domain lexicon that shows semantic range (compare and contrast usage in other situations)

Front 14

Can a Hebrew or Greek word translated

by the same English word in different

biblical contexts have different meanings?

Why or why not?

Back 14

Yes! Context will help determine actual meaning. Use a dictionary or a lexicon or both.

Front 15

What are semantic domains?

How do they help a person better understand a word?

Back 15

Semantic domain- lexicon shows the range of a word, so you can compare the word to other words in its domain and contrast with words NOT in its domain

Front 16

What is ab INTERLINEAR (in the field of Biblical hermeneutics)?

Back 16

Hebrew Interlinear: Hebrew text with English words underneath

Greek Interlinear: Greek text with English words underneath

Front 17

Reverse Interlinear?

Back 17

English translation with Hebrew or Greek words underneath the English words

Front 18

What are Strong's numbers?

Back 18

Strong's or Young's concordance assigns #s to words so we can look them up - how they're used elsewhere

Front 19

How can a study of the Greek

usage in the LXX benefit us in

interpreting the Bible today?

Back 19

Helpful to see:

How 3rd century BC Jews translated the OT

How NT writers were influenced by the OT

When they quoted from the LXX rather than the Masoretic text

Hint 19

3

Front 20

How does studying the use of

Hebrew and Greek words outside

of the Bible help us in interpreting

the Bible?

Back 20

Since words don't line up perfectly, it helps us determine the original (and therefore truest) meaning.

Front 21

Define: Semitism

Back 21

Language tendencies of the Jews (in both Hebrew and Greek)

Front 22

Are Biblical Semitisms easy to

identify and interpret without

any help?

Back 22

No. No it isn't.

Front 23

"The LORD is my shepherd"

"All of them are dumb dogs"

Simile, Metaphor, or Hypocastastis?

Back 23

Metaphor

Front 24

"They howl like a dog"

"As a shepherd cares for..."

Simile, Metaphor, or Hypocastastasis?

Back 24

Simile (like, as)

Front 25

"Dogs have surrounded me"

"Behold the Lamb of God"

Simile, Metaphor, or Hypocatastasis?

Back 25

Hypocatastasis

Front 26

What is typical word order in

Hebrew and Greek?

English is SVO

"she loves him"

subject verb object

Back 26

Hebrew and Greek is

"loves she him" VSO

verb, subject, object

Front 27

What is fronting? Give examples

Back 27

Normal Greek / Hebrew word order is VSO

To add emphasis, the original writers might put the Subect or Object first. This is only detectable in original language.

"I am the resurrection and the life" - ego is the first word (instead of the 2nd)

"They crucified him" - him is the first word (instead of the last)

Hint 27

Has to do with word order - VSO is normal in Greek, Hebrew

Front 28

How can a person reflect fronting in a translation or exposition of a biblical text?

Back 28

Italics

Front 29

What is a hendiadys? Give examples.

Back 29

Two words / phrases for the same thing. The second one intensifies the first.

"Born of water and Spirit"

"Answered and said"

Front 30

Define: idiom

How is an idiom a dead metaphor?

Back 30

Idiom: phrase whose meaning is different from the literal meaning of its words.

Dead because meaning is so well-known to a group that the metaphorical meaning is forgotten.

Hint 30

English "it's raining cats and dogs"

Polish "it's raining frogs"

Norwegian "it's raining female trolls"

Front 31

3 different ways to translate a biblical idiom? (Which way is usually the worst?)

Back 31

1. Word for word (worst)

2. Comparable idiom in receptor language

3. Tell the action with no idiom

Front 32

What does the Semitic idiom

"Son of ______________" mean?

Back 32

A great ______________ or

Have a lot of ___________

Front 33

What are 2 meanings for the

Semitic idiom "to break bread"?

Back 33

Eat a meal

Or

To break/eat bread

Front 34

Recognize/explain all eleven common errors in interpreting Hebrew and Greek words:

1. Etymology Error (aka root abuse)

Back 34

Sometimes knowing a word's roots DOES help, but often a word changes in meaning from its roots. But so (ie: "nice" comes from Latin "nescuis", meaning "ignorant").

Front 35

Recognize/explain all eleven common errors in interpreting Hebrew and Greek words:

2. Subsequent meaning (aka anachronism)

Back 35

Using a newer meaning for a word that was unknown in its present context.

Ie: some modern Christians wrongly thought "take up your cross and follow me" meant to literally carry a cross in your pocket.

Hint 35

Front 36

Recognize/explain all eleven common errors in interpreting Hebrew and Greek words:

3. Previous meaning (aka obsolete)

Back 36

Using an older meaning for a word that was no longer in use at the time of the Biblical text.

Kephale in Greek means:

Classical: head, authority, source, origin

Koine: head, authority

Bible was written in Koine

Front 37

Recognize/explain all eleven common errors in interpreting Hebrew and Greek words:

4. Unknown or Unlikely Meaning

Back 37

Using a meaning for a word that was not used in the Biblical period or is unlikely in that context.

Usually a result of poor research or eisegesis.

Front 38

Recognize/explain all eleven common errors in interpreting Hebrew and Greek words:

5. Unwarranted Semantic Overuse (aka semantic smorgasbord)

Back 38

Using every meaning of a word ad legitimate in one context.

Ie: kosmos has 8 possible meanings. There is no use of kosmos in any context that has all (or even a few) of the meanings

Front 39

Recognize/explain all eleven common errors in interpreting Hebrew and Greek words:

6. Unwarranted Semantic Restriction

Back 39

Being overly restrictive or technical about a word's meaning. There can be SOME overlaps.

Front 40

Recognize/explain all eleven common errors in interpreting Hebrew and Greek words:

7. Illegitimate Totality Transfer

Back 40

Bringing every characteristic of a referent into the meaning of a word even though that goes far beyond the context.

"All of us like sheep have gone astray" focuses on the WAYWARDNESS of sheep. Bringing other sheep characteristics (dumb, dirty, etc) into the passage is wrong.

Hint 40

🐏

Front 41

Recognize/explain all eleven common errors in interpreting Hebrew and Greek words:

8. Improper Parallel (aka verbal parallelomania)

Back 41

Using a word or passage as parallel in meaning when it is NOT. The most common meaning of a word is not its meaning in every context.

Front 42

Recognize/explain all eleven common errors in interpreting Hebrew and Greek words:

9. Wrong meaning

Back 42

Simply using the wrong meaning of a word in a given context.

Ie: flesh can refer to fallen nature (our sin) OR humanity (Christ)

Front 43

Recognize/explain all eleven common errors in interpreting Hebrew and Greek words:

10. Cognate Confusion

Back 43

The problem of taking an English cognate and expecting insight into a Greek word.

Ie: Dunamis is root word of dynamite, but that doesn't mean we have explosive / volatile / dangerous power in Christ.

Hint 43

🧨

Front 44

Recognize/explain all eleven common errors in interpreting Hebrew and Greek words:

11. Confusion of Sense and Referent

Back 44

SENSE is the meaning of a word in its context.

REFERENT is the object to which it is referring.

They are NOT interchangeable.

Front 45

Sense vs Referent

Back 45

SENSE is the meaning of a word in its context.REFERENT is the object to which it is referring.They are NOT interchangeable.

Timothy was a coworker (sunergos) of Paul. He was also a senior pastor.

Euodia and Syntyche were also coworkers with Paul, but this doesnt mean they were also pastors.

Front 46

Rhetorical Pattern

Back 46

Macro texts show patterns not found to be common in English writing today.

Front 47

Rhetorical Pattern: Inclusio

(aka bookends)

Back 47

A text us an inclusio when it is framed: it begins and ends similarly. Could be paragraph or several chapters. Emphasizes a single thematic element.

Ie: Moses framed the flood narrative with the statements about the wickedness of humanity.

Front 48

Rhetorical Pattern: Chiasm

(aka chiasmus or inverted parallelism)

Back 48

Common pattern has lines of successive elements, then reverse order back to original words. Think: palindrome.

They can have single OR double center.

It is more evident in Hebrew and Greek.

Patterns:

A-B, B'-A' A-B-C-B'-A'

or even 5+ elements

Front 49

Rhetorical Pattern: Intercalation

(aka sandwich technique)

Back 49

Form of chiasm but only has 2 elements.

Bread + meat + bread

Front 50

Rhetorical Pattern: Catchwords

(aka chain-link)

Back 50

Pattern that has a series of words linked together. Each link has a key word in a sentence or paragraph related to the key word in the next sentence or paragraph.

This pattern can appear within another pattern, like a chiasm.

Front 51

Rhetorical Pattern: Trilogy

Back 51

Grouping of 3 scriptures.

Examples in Jude, 2 Peter:

- 3 times God's judgment on egregious sin

- 3 sins (defile flesh, reject authorities, revile angels)

- 3 ungodly sinners (Cain, Balaam, Korah in Jude 11)

Front 52

Rhetorical Pattern: Alternating

Back 52

Like a trilogy, but 4 events.

1st and 3rd correspond with eachother

2nd and 4th correspond with eachother

Front 53

Rhetorical Pattern: Ascending or Descending

Back 53

Each section leads to the next section in an order or ascension or descension

Book of Judges - people of Israel descend into depravity - at the end the levite priest chops up a concubine.

Front 54

Rhetorical Pattern: Parallelism

Back 54

Two or more successive poetic lines dynamically strengthen, reinforce, develop each others thoughts.

Front 55

What are the emphases of chiasm? (the main parts)

What is the danger of looking for chiasms?

Back 55

Emphasis = central part

Not every passage is a chiasm. Seeing them where they arent present is usually a result of eisegesis.

Front 56

Define and be able to identify the following parallel forms:

Acrostic

Back 56

Each stich startsvwith a successive letter of the alphabet

English and Greek - left side

Hebrew - right side

Front 57

Define and be able to identify the following parallel forms:

Antithetical

Back 57

2nd stich contradicts the 1st stich

Front 58

Define and be able to identify the following parallel forms:

Ballast Variant

Back 58

Incomplete parallelism in which 2nd stich adds an additional element to make up for the missing element

Front 59

Define and be able to identify the following parallel forms:

Climactic

Back 59

Multi-step parallelism that builds to a climax

Front 60

Define and be able to identify the following parallel forms:

Incomplete

Back 60

2nd stich omits an elements from 1st stich. Both stiches are usually synonymous.

Front 61

Define and be able to identify the following parallel forms:

Illustrative

Back 61

2nd stich illustrates 1st stich with an example or symbol

Front 62

Define and be able to identify the following parallel forms:

Step

(aka synthetic / developmental)

Back 62

2nd stich adds info to 1st stich

Front 63

Define and be able to identify the following parallel forms:

Synonymous

Back 63

2nd stich says something similar to 1st stich

Front 64

Define and be able to identify the following parallel forms:

X+1

Back 64

A list is given, + 1 more item

Front 65

List some major themes of the OT (4)

Back 65

1. God worked thru covenants with all humanity (Adamic, Noahic)

2. God worked thru covenants with His people (Abrahamic, Mosaic, Davidic) that pointed towards a NEW covenant.

3. God gave the law to His people as a custodian to care for them until Christ came.

4. God works through nations (even bad ones) to bring about His will.

Hint 65

🦄🦄 🤴->✝️

📜📜 🇨🇺🇨🇻🇬🇩

Front 66

List major themes of NT (4)

Back 66

1. Jesus' first coming was as a Suffering Servant, the sin bearer for the world.

2. As the Good Shepherd, Jesus showed and taught His followers how to live a godly life.

3. The early church was victorious when they lived in the power of the Holy Spirit.

4. Jesus' 2nd coming will be as JUDGE.

Hint 66

🤜🤛 🐑🐏 👻👻 🙅‍♀️

Front 67

Meta-Narrative for the Bible (whole thing)

Back 67

The Bible is Christocentric. The Triune God made humanity, by grace prepared for its redemption since the fall, and by the atonement of Christ offers salvation to anyone who believes in Him.

Front 68

List a BAD meta-narrative of the Bible

Back 68

History of Religions school says Judaism and Christianity were derived from copying other religions of that day - just a product of their culture.

Front 69

How do organizing categories, major OT / NT themes, and meta-narrative relate?

How does one's knowledge of them help a person to interpret a focal text?

Back 69

Knowing the whole story, how all the pieces fit together to form one story, helps us to interpret in a way that glorifies God... It helps us to identify interpretations that are out of whack with the character and nature of God, because we KNOW His character and nature.

Front 70

Eight organizing categories:

1. Promise-Fulfillment

Back 70

Is the focal text in the [promise part] of scripture or the [fulfillment part], and how does that affect interpretation?

Front 71

Eight organizing categories:

2. Kingdom Anticipated

Kingdom Inaugurated

Kingdom Consummated

Back 71

Which stage of God's kingdom does the text fit into?

Front 72

Eight organizing categories:

3. Old Covenant

New Covenant

Back 72

During which covenant does the text fit?

Front 73

Eight organizing categories:

4. Covenant Theology

(3 covenants)

Back 73

Typically Calvinistic, Christocentric.

Covenant of ____________

1. Redemption - when God the Father elected a bride for His Son to redeem

2. Works - Adamic or Mosaic covenants

3. Grace - seen in Davidic and Abrahamic covenants, but also in New Covenant

Front 74

Eight organizing categories:

5. Law-Gospel

Back 74

Is the text within the law? Or gospel?

Front 75

Eight organizing categories:

6. Dispensationalism - Classic

(7 dispensations)

Back 75

Classic has 7 dispensations:

1. Innocence - pre-Gen3

2. Conscience - Gen3 thru flood

3. Civil Govt - Noah thru Babel

4. Patriarchal Rule - Abraham - Exodus

5. Mosaic Law - Moses - Christ's death

6. Grace - Pentecost - 2nd coming

7. Millenium - 1000 year reign of Christ

Believes that Israel and the Church are separate entities.

Front 76

Eight organizing categories:

7. Dispensationalism - Progressive Progressive- how is it different?

Back 76

Recent revision. Fewer dispensations, gives Biblical covenants more influence in biblical interpretation

Front 77

Difference between

DESCRIPTIVE and PRESCRIPTIVE

Back 77

Descriptive - tells what happened (sometimes not saying good or bad)

Prescriptive - a teaching that says what someone should do - may be limited to a certain individual or people group.

Front 78

Background info a person must discover before properly interpreting the OT (3)

Back 78

1. Cultural practices

2. Geography

3. Historical and Political climate

Front 79

6 main elements of OT narrative

Back 79

1. Plot (Introduction, Conflict, Resolution)

2. Setting (where and win the story occurs)

3. Characters (main and minor)

4. Narrator (who wrote it)

5. Comparison or Contrast

6. Figures of Speech

Front 80

Narrative Plot - 3 main elements

Back 80

1. Introduction

2. Conflict (problem)

3. Resolution

Front 81

Define: type

Back 81

A "type" represents or bears a likeness to, or prefigures what it represents.

- Adam was a type of Christ

- Abraham was a type of God

- the ram was a type of Christ

Front 82

Define: apostrophe

(as a figure of speech)

Back 82

Addressing someone or something as present even though they are NOT present

Hint 82

🗣 🤨

Front 83

What questions should we ask about an OT law, command, or promise in order to properly interpret? (LCP)

Back 83

1. To whom was LCP given? Was it directed at others? Or just them?

2. Has the LCP been fulfilled?

3. Is it during the Old Covenant or New?

(note: New > Old)

4. Has the LCP been rescinded or made obsolete? (Continued on next question)

Front 84

What OT teachings/ laws are now OBSOLETE? (6)

Back 84

1. Sacrificial (Christ is our sacrifice)

2. Dietary (bacon!)

3. OT feasts (pointed to Christ)

4. Unique social laws (different fabrics)

5. Worship / Ritual (we are the temple)

6. Unknown Cultural Practices

Front 85

What OT groups of teachings / laws have been RESCINDED?

Back 85

1. Moral laws - still in effect

2. Health laws (washings, touching corpse, burning clothes of leper)

Front 86

What is principizkng the text?

5 steps in principlizing?

Back 86

1. What did it mean to original hearer?

2. Differences bt hearers original/today?

3. Theological principal (timeless, not bound by culture, consistent with rest of scripture, applicable to all)

4. See if NT modified or qualified it

5. Apply principle in your life

Front 87

How many Psalms are in the OT?

How many books are Psalms divided into?

Back 87

150 Psalms / 5 books

Front 88

Who wrote most of the Psalms, according to superscruptions?

Back 88

David (73)

LXX says David wrote 84

Front 89

What is a superscription of a Psalm?

What can it tell us?

Back 89

Focal psalm. Often gives us author and setting.

Front 90

What are the various ways OT Jews and NT Christians (even today) use Psalms?

Back 90

Songs and prayers. To be sung, prayed, meditated upon, memorized. Devotional.

Front 91

List the characteristics of

Hebrew Wisdom Literature (3)

Back 91

1. Religious

2. Terse - few words, carefully chosen

3. Poetic - well-suited for figures of speech

Front 92

Give 3 types of Hebrew Wisdom Literature

Give OT book examples

(3 types)

Back 92

1. Gnomic (short sayings of wisdom)

- Proverbs (say what USUALLY) happens

2. Dramatic - have to use WHOLE book

- Job, SoS

3. Elegy (lament)

- Ecclesiastes, Lamentations

Front 93

How / why is a PROVERB

not usually a PROMISE?

Back 93

They say what USUALLY happens (train up a child etc)

The ones that speak of things God hates, ❤s are ALWAYS true (God doesn't change)

Front 94

Define: wordplay

Back 94

Uses sounds, spellings, forms, and meanings of words for emphasis

May not be visible in receptor language

Front 95

Define: assonance

Back 95

Repetition of vowel sounds within words in a textual unit

Non-Biblical example: "The rAIn in spAIn falls mAInly on the plAIn."

Front 96

Define: alliteration

Back 96

Uses the same or similar sound (usually consonants) at the beginning of words in a Textual unit

Front 97

Define: onomatopoeia

Back 97

Word itself sounds like the meaning.

Bees buzz. Cow moos.

Ruach = wind / Spirit

Front 98

Define: pun

Back 98

Root wordplay - typically a change in consonants in reverse order

Changes in vowels

Similar sounding words

Front 99

Define: word repetition

Back 99

Poet repeats same word or similar forms of a word

Let me SING of my BELOVED

A SONG of my BELOVED

concerning his VINEYARD.

My well-BELOVED had

a VINEYARD on a fertile hill

Front 100

Why is it helpful to harmonize OT passages?

What are 3 ways to reconcile them?

Back 100

1. Read side-by-side

2. Appreciate how most details dovetail together.

3. Understand that what may look like a discrepancy can be harmonized (rounding of #s, different perspectives, cultural practices)

Front 101

Two roles of OT prophets:

1.

2.

Back 101

1. Forthteller (primary) - addressing sin, telling the people to repent and turn to God, describing relevant aspects of God's character.

2. Foreteller - telling future in order to bring about religious and moral change in the present. (God's judgment)

Front 102

How does spiritual gift of prophecy TODAY differ from OT prophecy?

Back 102

Today's prophetic voices are primarily forthtellers - telling right from wrong, no gray areas, to call God's people to repentance and back to God.

Front 103

Two tests given to OT prophets to determine if they were from God or a false prophet:

1.

2.

Back 103

1. Predictions are 100% accurate (takes time to verify, so 2nd test needed)

2. True prophet will NEVER counsel people to serve false gods.

Front 104

Reasons for properly studying Biblical prophecy? (5 From class)

Back 104

1. Motivation to live Godly lives

2. Comforts and calms God's people

3. Gives urgency for sharing the gospel

4. Helps verify the gospel

5. God blesses Christians who read and heed prophecy in Revelation

Front 105

Pitfalls of misusing prophecy? (3)

Back 105

1. Can lead to heresy

2. Can lead to complacency

3. Setting dates for rapture or Christ's return has dangers

Front 106

Define: heresy

Back 106

Opinion or belief that is contrary to church doctrine (or Biblical truth)

Front 107

Why is setting a date for the Rapture or 2nd coming of Christ wrong? (4)

Back 107

When you're wrong (you are):

1. It makes Christian's look foolish to nonbelievers

2. It makes the gospel look false to nonbelievers

3. It demoralizes Christians whi bought into the date or setting

4. Causes Christians and even some pastors to avoid the subject of Biblical prophecy

Front 108

Why does it help to know the literary boundaries of a focal prophecy?

Back 108

Increases your chances of getting it right (or at least eliminates much of the wrong)

Front 109

Define the following categories:

1. Subgenre

Back 109

Can have more than 1 subgenre.

First 2 are most important:

1. Announcement of Judgment

2. Salvation Oracle

3. Instructional Accounts

4. Miscellaneous

Front 110

Define the following categories:

2. Near / Far Prophecy

Back 110

1. Near - given a few years or decades ahead. Samuel predicted Saul's death etc.

2. Far - many decades or centuries / millennia ahead

Front 111

Define the following categories:

3. Conditional / Unconditional prophecy

Back 111

1. Conditional - will only come true under certain conditions- ie: Hezekiah's sickness

2. Unconditional - is going to happen no matter what - ie: Revelation

Front 112

Define the following categories:

4. Foretelling / Forthtelling

Back 112

1. Foretelling - predicted future to bring about religious and moral change in the present.

2. Forthtelling - boldly addressing sin, telling people to repent and turn to God, describing God's character

Front 113

Why is it helpful to categorize a focal prophecy into these 4 categories?

Back 113

Increases chances of correct interpretation. Decreases chances of false interpretation.

Front 114

Can a conditional OT prophecy appear to be unconditional? Give example.

Back 114

Yes! Jonah was sent to tell Nineveh they would be destroyed for their sin. But they repented! And were not destroyed!

Front 115

What are some ways to help understand a specific symbol in a focal prophecy?

Back 115

Prayer - ask Holy Spirit to guide.

Determine historical setting.

Examine literary boundaries and markers.

Let NT guide in interpreting the predictive.

Front 116

Are there any symbolic or hidden meanings in letter counting in the OT or NT?

Back 116

No. That's ridiculous. It was written in Hebrew and Greek. Not English.

Front 117

Is there any symbolic or hidden meaning in chapter or verse #s?

Back 117

No. That's ridiculous. Those were added in like 1200AD-1500AD

Front 118

What is "prophetic foreshortening" (aka "prophetic peaks")

Back 118

When a prophet sees fulfillment in the future as two mountain peaks side by side. Ie: Jesus first and second coming

Front 119

Discuss how to apply forthtelling elements of a focal prophecy

Back 119

Moral applications are pretty obvious/applicable.

Notice what follows presuppositions ("for", "because", "since") since it lists reasons for God's coming judgment.

Principalize theological truths.

Don't immediately apply God's words to Israel to today, but don't immediately eliminate them either.

Front 120

Discuss how to apply foretelling elements of a focal prophecy

Back 120

Study fulfilled OT prophecy.

Learn how NT authors interpreted it.

Use them to encourage godly living

Front 121

What is the danger of interpreting with the Bible in one hand and a newspaper in the other hand?

Back 121

Eisegesis- reading in ideas that just arent there. Makes Christians look like morons.

Front 122

Name and describe some cultural practices evident in the culture of the NT writings that are very different from today.

Back 122

Levirite marriage (if husband dies without heir, brother marries wife and breeds).

Resting on roof of house.

Honor-shame culture

Front 123

Define: levirite marriage

Back 123

When married man dies without an heir, his brother marries the wife and has the original husband's child (but it's actually the brother's child)

Front 124

Define: honor-shame culture

Back 124

Honor was important. Not keeping your word or any number of weird things brought shame. Like Japan.

Front 125

Define: patron-benefactor culture

Back 125

Sort of like the mafia - you do someone a favor, then they owe you a favor. Very much tied into honor-shame culture.

Front 126

What is the purpose of using a gospel harmony or acts/epistles harmony?

Back 126

Compare and contrast Biblical texts. Help give chronology of events. Some are in a Theological order.

Front 127

What does it mean that scripture may either describe or prescribe?

Back 127

Describe - tells about something that happened. Not necessarily a command.

Prescribe - do this (unless it's just for 1 person)

Front 128

Give some examples of anomalies / changes from the Gospels or Acts that aren't directly applicable today...

Back 128

Jesus sent the apostles to share gospel with Jews only and avoid gentiles in Matthew 10:5-6

Front 129

Describe at least 5 interpretive principles for interpreting NT parables

Back 129

1. Determine main truth (usually only 1)

2. Note what points in the parable are explained in the context.

3. Look for surprise element (ie: samaritan as the good guy)

4. Notice imagery (father = God, fig tree or vine = Israel, enemy = satan)

5. Note that parts of parable may vary in other scripture.

6. Check to see if other Scripture is compatible with your interpretation.

7. Avoid over-allegorizing.

Front 130

Name 3 NT related events that changed how God works among His peoe

Back 130

Death, burial, resurrection of Christ (Holy Spirit at Pentecost)

Front 131

4+ interpretive principles for epistles

Back 131

1. Recognize typical first century AD letter form to get focal text

2. Understand the occasion / purpose the author had for writing it

3. Determine these

4. Be slow to play the culture card

5. Realize that much of our theology is based on the NT epistles

Front 132

Is there a difference between a NT letter and a NT epistle?

Back 132

Not that I can tell?

Front 133

What does the practice of mirroring mean when used in interpreting a NT epistle?

Back 133

We only see one side of the communication in the epistle. Try to figure out what Paul was addressing/ what prompted the letter.

Front 134

Name and describe 4 ways to interpret Revelation (book).

Back 134

1. Preterist - book only applies to 1st century Roman persecution

2. Historicist - book is continuous Chronicle of church history from apostolic times until Christ's return.

3. Idealist - book is a symbolic picture of ongoing struggle between good and evil.

4. Futurist - chapters 4-22 refer to future events.

Front 135

Name and explain 3 ways NT writers used the OT

Back 135

1. Quotation / direct citation - appeal to Jews, who knew the OT. Most obvious indicator.

2. Allusion - author incorporates language, imagery, themes - points to OT but not exact wording.

3. Echo - informal trace of a text and might be unconcious - emerging from a mind soaked in OT scriptural heritage

Front 136

Define: Introductory Formula

Back 136

Introduces a OT verse with something like "it is written" or "that what was spoken"

Front 137

Define: intertextuality

Back 137

Complex set of interrelationships that exist between texts. Includes both allusions and echoes.

Front 138

Define: quotation

Back 138

Direct citation or verbatim reference

Front 139

Define: Allusion

Back 139

When the author incorporates the language, imagery, themes of another text without direct citation

Front 140

Define: echo

Back 140

Informal trace of a text and might be quite unconscious, emerging from minds soaked in the scriptural heritage of Israel

Front 141

Define: sensus plenior

Back 141

Fuller sense

Fuller meaning

Front 142

How many NT quotations of the OT have an introductory formula?

None, a few, many, or all?

Back 142

All. (Quotations)

Front 143

Which gospel has the most OT quotations in it?

Back 143

Matthew

Front 144

Which Pauline epistle has the most OT quotations in it?

Back 144

Romans

Front 145

What were the main 2 types of OT texts from which the NT writers quoted?

Back 145

Prophets and ...? Psalms?

Front 146

List some ways NT writers changed the text in an OT quotation

Back 146

1. Clarification (sometimes using a pronoun in place of noun)

2. Different text form without changing meaning (paraphrase, clause rearranged, pronoun instead of noun, shortening)

3. Changed text to change meaning (extent of a reference, omitting part to give broader application, synonyms)

Front 147

What were "testimonia" books?

Back 147

Testimony books / collections of OT texts that aren't whole OTs

Front 148

Difference between claiming NT writers were Christocentric vs Hyper-Christocentric?

Back 148

Critics alleged that NT writers saw Christ in places that weren't about Christ - like a triangular cracker representing the Trinity. The writers were Christocentric.

Front 149

Dr. Wicker gave 5 views that explain meaning of NT quotation related to the OT quoted text. Explain which view you think is most accurate.

Back 149

The writers did NOT abuse OT texts. Changes were careful, faithful, and Holy Spirit guided.

Front 150

Contrast a conservative vs liberal explanation of how an OT text might have had an unintended meaning from the viewpoint if the original human author.

Back 150

Liberal - low view of scripture / high view of man - says that the NT authors disregarded original meanings so we can too.

Conservative - high view of scripture / low view of man - the Bible is right - and if we don't understand, we will someday.

Front 151

Do you believe the NT writers misuse or abuse the OT in their quotations from it? Explain your position.

Back 151

I do not. I cannot believe that the Bible is inerrant and then say it contains errors. If I don't understand it now, with study and prayer, maybe I will someday. Maybe I won't.