Hermeneutics Final Exam

Front 1

What are the three main types of parallelism in biblical poetry?

Back 1

1.Synonymous Parallelism
2. Antithetical Parallelism
3.Synthetic Parallelism

Front 2

Define the types of parallelism and give an example of each of the three types.

Back 2

1.Synonymous Parallelism: second line expresses a thought that is similar to the first with little or no added meaning. Psalm 2:2-4
2. Antithetical Parallelism: Second line contrasts with the first. Matthew 23:12
3.Synthetic: adds ideas to the first line.Psalm 1:3

Front 3

What is an idiom?

Back 3

is a phrase whose meaning cannot be determined by the literal definition of the phrase itself

Front 4

Give 2 biblical examples of a metaphor.

Back 4

Psalm 3:3
Matthew 5:13

Front 5

Give 2 biblical examples of a simile.

Back 5

Psalm 1

Proverbs1:27

Front 6

How does Dr. Stein (in his book) understand the love-hate imagery of the Bible such as in Gen
29:30-31 and Romans 9:13?

Back 6

What is in view is God's sovereign choice of one over another. To be "loved less" by God implies rejection.

Front 7

Explain how to ascertain what an idiom is, and how does one interpret an idiom?

Back 7

Clues to know what it is:
- same combination of words found frequently elsewhere
- cannot be interpreted in the present context

Front 8

How does one know the difference between narrative/prose and poetry?

Back 8

Poetry uses commissive language.
Prose uses referential language.

Front 9

Is a poetic retelling of an event less historically accurate than a narrative/prose retelling of an
event?

Back 9

? Answer is in the poetry.

Front 10

What is a figure of speech?

Back 10

an expression that uses language in a non-literal way in order to achieve a rhetorical effect.

Front 11

How do we determine if a statement is hyperbolic? There are 10 clues. Be ready to list most
of them.

Back 11

1. The statement is literally impossible.
2. statement conflicts with what the speaker says elsewhere.
3." " actions of the speaker elsewhere.
4. " " teachings of the Old Testament.
5. " " New Testament
6. interpreted by another biblical writer in a non-biblical way.
7. Statement has not been totally fuflilled.
8. The statemnt would not achieve it's desired goal.
9.uses a literary from prone to exaggeration.

Front 12

What topics do Jesus’ parables typically center on?

Back 12

Old Testament wisdom teaching.

Front 13

What are the two parts of a parable?

Back 13

picture part, reality part

Front 14

What are the two purposes of parables? (One purpose given in Matthew, one purpose given
in Mark). Explain.

Back 14

they have a dual purpose of revealing and concealing.
Jesus intended to hide the truth from unresponsive hearers. Parables confirmed unbelievers in their rejection of Jesus. Mark of God's judgment on them.

Front 15

What are the characteristics of parables?

Back 15

Earthiness
Concisness
Major and Minor points
Repetition
Conclusion at the End

Front 16

What do we mean by “reversal of expectation” when reading parables? Explain your answer.

Back 16

this was a type of parable that would have been provocative to his listeners and would have forced them to consider the deeper implications of the parable.

Front 17

What are the 4 basic principles for interpreting parables?

Back 17

Look for the main point of the parable.
Seek to Understand Jesus' teaching.
Seek to understand the evangelist's meaning.
Seek the implications and significance of the parable.

Front 18

What are the 4 guidelines for arriving at the main point of a parable?

Back 18

Who are the main characters?
What occurs at the end?
What occurs in direct discourse?
Whoor what gets the most space?

Front 19

Regarding the historicity of biblical narrative, what was the view of the “rationalists,”
“supernaturalists,” “ accommodationists,” and “mythicists” in the Enlightenment and
post-Enlightenment period?

Back 19

Rationalist: appeals more to reason, does not see, for example, a story containing a miracle that the miracle actually happened but that there's a lesson to be learned from it.
Supernaturalist: Focuses more on the event then the authors intended meaning.
accomodationist: said the evangelist created moral stories that he knew where fictional and acconmodated them to the mythical.
Mythicists- author was just being honest, didn't know any better. the yearnings of the author have something to teach.

Front 20

What are the five principles for interpreting biblical narrative?

Back 20

context
authorial comments
repetition
authoritative speakers
dialogue or direct discourse

Front 21

What is an “authorial comment” in biblical narrative? Give 2 examples and explain why
they are important.

Back 21

- when the author intrudes into their account to give clues to how their readers should interpret narratives.
Ex: 2 Chron 33:2-8
1 Kings 22:43
Important so that we don't come to our own conclusion

Front 22

When speaking of biblical narrative, what is context and why is it so important in
interpretation of, for example, a particular section in the Gospel of Mark?

Back 22

context: the willed meaning that the author gives to the literary materials surrounding his text.
a particluar chapter in Mark is only one piece of the book and he expects us to read the whole to understand one piece.

Front 23

Be ready to identify which type of parallelism is present in several examples. For example,
there will be a verse from Psalms or Proverbs, and you will have to tell me which kind of parallelism it is

Back 23

a

Front 24

1.Be able to answer a question about the KJV vs. a modern translation

Back 24

a

Front 25

1.Text criticism – what is it? Why is it important?

Back 25

is a branch of literary criticism that is concerned with the identification and removal of transcription errors in the texts of manuscripts.

Front 26

1.Why do we argue for a hermeneutic of authorial intent?

Back 26

a

Front 27

1.The role of the Holy Spirit in the interpretive process

Back 27

Has inspiration over the human authors of scripture.
Has inspiration over the writings themselves.
He oversaw the formation of the New Testament Canon.
Interpretation- a person can understand (words and ideas) scripture, but will not, apart from the Holy Spirit, positively respond to it.

Front 28

1.Know the rules for prophecy and some of the examples that we discussed in class.

Back 28

a prophet was called to reform, not innovate.
To preserve tradition.
To enforce the covenant and law.
Nature of a Prophetic message is
Reception of the Message
Forms of the message
forthtelling rather than foretelling

Front 29

1.How do you interpret imprecatory psalms? Psalms of lament? What are the characteristics of the psalms that we discussed in class?

Back 29

?

Front 30

1.Tell me about covenants in the ancient near east, as well as their structure and components.

Back 30

There were two kinds:
Parity- made between two equals
suzerain- not between 2 equals

often have a certain form:
preamble
historical prologue
stipulations
provision for continual
reading of covenant
list of witnesses
blessings and curses
oath

Front 31

1.Where in the Bible is there a historical narrative followed by a poetic retelling of the same event? Is the poetic retelling less historical than the narrative account?

Back 31

a

Front 32

1.In what ways did a prophet receive the divine word from the Lord? Give examples.

Back 32

A. Supernatural revelatory experience such as Isaiah (6:1-13)
or A transfer of authority and power like Elijah and Elisha

Front 33

1.What are 4 forms of the prophetic message, and what are the three things that we should note when we interpret prophetic literature?

Back 33

a

Front 34

1.Explain the five principles for interpreting narrative.

Back 34

Context
Authorial Comments
Repetition
Authoritative Spreakers
Dialogue or Direct Discourse

Front 35

What are the three different kinds of epistles we know of from New Testament times? Give
a possible example of each type from the New Testament that we discussed in class.

Back 35

-Private Letter
-Public Letter
-The Treatise

Front 36

Did the apostles write with a consciousness of apostolic authority? If so, how do we know
this? Give evidence for (or against) this from the New Testament.

Back 36

a

Front 37

What are the 5 structural parts of a typical epistle?

Back 37

-Salutation
-Thanksgiving/Prayer
-Body
-Exhortation and Instruction
-Conclusion

Front 38

Explain why it would be important to know these five parts when preparing a Bible study or
sermon.

Back 38

a

Front 39

Which NT epistle writers do we know used an amanuensis? Give Scriptural support.

Back 39

Paul used an amanuensis.
amanuensis usually introduce themselves, like Tertuis in Romans, or Paul will introduce them in his writing.

Front 40

Does the usage of a scribe or amanuensis alter our view of inspiration? Authority? Inerrancy?
Authenticity? Explain your answer.

Back 40

No, because authors were fully responsible for their contents and would at times add comments.
Letters never went out without their authentication.
Holy Spirit fully superintended process of producing books..

Front 41

On what basis do we reject the idea the NT epistles were pseudonymous? What are the
arguments for or against?

Back 41

a

Front 42

What are the principles for interpreting the NT epistles?

Back 42

-Study logical development of the argument.
-study the situation behind statement.
-note the different subgeneres employed in the Epistles

Front 43

What is “lexical-syntactic analysis,” and why is it essential for the interpretation of the
epistles? What are the steps that Virkler lists?

Back 43

the study of meaning of individual words and the way they are combined together with one another. they only have one intended meaning in any given context.
steps:
-Identify literary form
-Identify theme and how it fits into conext.
-Identify natural divisions of the text.
-Identify the connecting words.
-Analyze the syntax.
-put the results of your analysis into easily understood words

Front 44

What are three things to note when interpreting prophecy?

Back 44

Observe the historical circumstance that the prophet was addressing.
How the prophecy will be fulfilled.
Remember that the fulfillment of judgment prophecy is often conditional.