Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
110 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
hemoglobin norm is
|
12-16g/dl
|
|
|
hemocrit norm is
|
38-47percent
|
|
|
rbc norm is
|
4.2-6
|
|
|
wbc norm is
|
5,000 to 10,0000
|
|
|
neutrophils make up what percent of the differential.
|
40-70
|
|
|
basophils make up what percent of the diff
|
1 percent
|
|
|
lymphocytes make up what percent of the diff
|
20-40
|
|
|
monocytes make up what percent of the diff
|
4-8
|
|
|
esoninophils make up what percent of the diff
|
2-4
|
|
|
platelents counts are
|
150k-400k
|
|
|
shift to the left in diff means
|
infarction, infection, stress, bacteria
|
|
|
shift to the right in diff means
|
virus, anemia
|
|
|
hi neutrophil and hi bands mean/
|
shift to left
|
|
|
hi lymph and hi mono mean
|
shift to right
|
|
|
what does the MCV determine?
|
size of RBC
|
|
|
macro rbc's are seen with what anemias
|
periucous, and folic acid anemias
|
|
|
micro- no iron are seen with what anemia
|
sickle cell.
|
|
|
MCH measures what>?
|
weight" amt of hemoglobin
|
|
|
what is the best place to do a marrow aspiration
|
illiac crest.
|
|
|
what to monitor pt for after a marrow aspiration
|
soreness and tenderness.. there is no bleeding
|
|
|
what is the shillings test used for?
|
measures the absorption of vit-b12. (pernicious anemia)
|
|
|
if tablet shows up in urine when doing a shillings test, what does this indicate?
|
does not have pernicious anemaia because they are able to absorb it.
|
|
|
pernicious anemia is the absence of what/
|
vit-b12
|
|
|
what are some foods with vit-b12
|
organ meats, liver, muscle meats. eggs
|
|
|
what leads to the pheripheal neuropathy found with pernicious anemia
|
decreased myelin, decreased potential of cells
|
|
|
sources of iron are
|
green leafy veggies, potatoes, liver, eggs, raisins approcots
|
|
|
sources of folic acid are
|
green veggies, fish whole grain
|
|
|
sources of vit-b6 are
|
meat potatoes
|
|
|
sources of amino acids are
|
eggs nuts.
|
|
|
sources of vitamin c are
|
strawberries, green leafty veggies
|
|
|
folic acid helps with?
|
red blood cell maturation
|
|
|
iron does what for the body
|
synthesis of hemoglobin
|
|
|
amino acids do what?
|
synthesis of nuclear protein
|
|
|
vit c helps with what kind of absorbtion
|
iron
|
|
|
iron aborbtion is increased with what vitamine
|
C
|
|
|
an immobilized pt wihh receive what medication and what dose?
|
heprin. 5000u/12hr
|
|
|
reverse heprin with what?
|
protamine sulfate
|
|
|
when reversing heprin give how much protamine sulfate?
|
1ml/100u hep
|
|
|
serrum ferritin test shows what 0-12
|
iron deficiency, anemia, measures stored iron.
|
|
|
what is a reticulocyte
|
immature rbc. 1% of all rbc
|
|
|
increased number in reticulocytes means what?
|
anemia
|
|
|
large amount of protein in urin is what?
|
bence jones protein
|
|
|
multiple myeloma is cancer of what?
|
plasma cell
|
|
|
what exposure to chemicals can cause hematological cancers
|
benzine
|
|
|
jaundice is prevelant in sicke cell anemia how do you assess for it
|
conjuntiva. sclera.
|
|
|
vit c deficit can lead to what problem with the lips
|
cheilitis, dry cracking inflamation
|
|
|
iron deficit can cause a smooth tongue texture also called
|
glottis
|
|
|
bone pain in leukemia is do to
|
the rapid production of abnormal cells
|
|
|
with accute blood loss when is it evident through cbc's
|
12hrs
|
|
|
when doing a bone marrow aspiration how to you postiion the pt.
|
on the side.
|
|
|
what is the benefit of packed rbc's
|
1/2 the volume when fluid overload is an issue.
|
|
|
what gauge needle is used for blood transfusions
|
18-16-14
|
|
|
blood transfusions must be complete in
|
2-3hrs
|
|
|
when blood is on the floor, must start administration within how long
|
30mins
|
|
|
what volume loss is it mostly noticable that the pt is in trouble
|
30
|
|
|
with a 40% volume loss you see what
|
bp below normal at rest, rapid pulse, cold clammy skin
|
|
|
with a 30% volume loss you see what?
|
tachycardia
postural hypotension |
|
|
with a 50% volume loss you see
|
shock and potential death
|
|
|
type 0 blood has what antigen
|
none
|
|
|
type a has what antigens
|
A
|
|
|
when giving blood check vitas pulse resp and temp how often?
|
every 5 minutes for 15 minutes.
|
|
|
what to give if pt has fluid v overload while giving blood
|
lasix
|
|
|
when giving blood start out at what rate.
|
1ml/ min for 15 minutes.
|
|
|
how is febril non hemolitic reaction caused
|
sensitive to wbc, platelets or plasma antigen.
|
|
|
signs of febril non hemolitic reaction are
|
chills, fever of 101 within one hr of giving, HA, N&V
|
|
|
what to do if you suspect febril nonhemolitic reaction
|
stop blood, keep ns going, give tylenol, monitor vs, call dr
|
|
|
how is allergic urticaria reaction caused
|
allergic to what donor took before donation. chocolate, penicillin, pollen.
|
|
|
signs of allergic urticaria are
|
skin rash, hives
|
|
|
what to do if you suspect allergic urticaria
|
stop blood, keep vein open with ns,notify blood bank or dr. give antihistamine and/or corticosteroid turn blood back on and monitor.
|
|
|
signs of delayed hemolytic reaction include
|
extreme fatigue 6 weeks to 6 months, gradual decline in cbc.persistent low grade fever.
|
|
|
nursing interventions for someone with delayed hemolytic reaction are.
|
give ferrous sulfate,
improve nutrition |
|
|
ferous sulfate can result in what
|
constipation and dark stools.
|
|
|
nutrition for a person with delayed hemolytic reaction is
|
eggs, spinach , oj, increase iron and vit c
|
|
|
how long does it take ferous sulfate to restore cbc's to norm
|
6 months
|
|
|
anaphylactic blood reaction happens most often in individuals with
|
multiple transfusions
|
|
|
what to ask apt with multiple transfusions
|
how did you handle it?
|
|
|
signs of anaphylactic blood reaction
|
flushing, bronchospasms, chest pain, loss of airway
|
|
|
what to do if you suspect an anaphylactic reaction
|
stop blood, keep ns running, Code, cpr, maintain airway, give epinephrine
|
|
|
what to do if the person had an anaphylactic reaction to a prior infusion
|
ask blood bank for blood from donor lacking IgA, use filter, frozen washed cells.
|
|
|
what is the causes for an acute hemolytic reaction
|
ABO compatibility problem, or improper storage of blood.
|
|
|
signs of acute hemolytic reaction
|
flank pain,
decreased bp, N&V,anxiety, restlessness. |
|
|
most fatal reaction from a blood infusion is
|
acute hemolytic reaction
|
|
|
what to do do if you suspect acute hemolytic reaction
|
stop blood, keep vein open, change tubes, hang D5W, give o2, give epinephrine and nitro, insert foley, monitor I and O. may need clotting factors infused. notify lab immediatley..
|
|
|
what drugs do you administer when you suspect an acute hemolytic reaction
|
epinephrine and vasopressors.
|
|
|
circulatory overload is due to
|
fluid being administered faster than the circulation can accommodate.
|
|
|
monitor what with circulatory overload
|
breath sounds., distended neck veins, rales, Ha, dyspnea
|
|
|
nursing interventions for a pt with circulatory overload.
|
place in high fowlers with feed dependent, give diuretic,give o2, may need phlebotomy.
|
|
|
if you suspect sepsis while giving blood you should do what?
|
stope blood, give tylenol, dc tubing, lines, bags, send to blood bank to culture. give antibiotic, vassopres, corticosteriods.
|
|
|
corticosteroids given with allergic urticaria and with sepsis include
|
prednisone, decadron, solu-medrol.
|
|
|
neutrophils life span is
|
12 hrs
|
|
|
anemia is characterized by an imbalance of how many mls or more per day.
|
3ml
|
|
|
iron deficiencey anemia usually occurs in who
|
children or elderly
|
|
|
with iron dificency anemia, rebs are
|
microcytic
|
|
|
what med is given with an iron def anemia.
|
ferrous sulfate,
dextran |
|
|
goods to encourage with iron deficiency anemia are
|
red meats, eggs, green leafy vegs, carrots, oj, raisins
|
|
|
NI's with iron deficiency anemia are
|
increase fiber-rt ferrous sal
give before meals, |
|
|
dextram im must be given how
|
IM, Z-track, air lock.5ml
|
|
|
with iv iron, watch for this
|
anaphlactic reactions
|
|
|
megablastic anemias include
|
pernicious anemia and folic acid anemia
|
|
|
pernicious anemia results because there is a lack in
|
intrinsic factor
B-12 |
|
|
pernicious anemia is evident by what test
|
shillings test.
|
|
|
peripheral neuropathy ret decreased production of myelin is evident with what anemia
|
perniciouis anemia.
|
|
|
what med is given with pernicious anemia.
|
cyanocobalamine IM. 100-200mcg/month
|
|
|
how to give cyanocobalamine
|
100-200mcg/month to replenish then 1 injection each day for a week.
|
|
|
with folic acid deficiency give what med
|
folite PO.
|
|
|
folic acid deficiency is promonent in who
|
alcoholics
|
|
|
hemolytic anemias are
|
an inadequate number of circulating red blood cells (anemia) caused by premature destruction of red blood cells.
|
|
|
one type of hemolytic anemia is
|
sickle cell anemia.
|
|
|
excellerated erythropoiesis is found in
|
sickle cell anemia
|
|
|
treatment for sicke cell is
|
hydration, avoid stress, pain med. give folic acid, genetic counceling
|
