Health Psychology. Midterm Quest. Not Official Review

Front 1

In the United States , young people ages 15 or 24 have a low mortality rate , but those who die are most likely

Back 1

unintentional injuries

Front 2

Since 1900, life expectancy in the United States has

Back 2

increased by about 30 years.

Front 3

College graduates generally live longer than people who drop out of high school. Which of these conditions is most likely to explain these differences ?

Back 3

College graduates are less likely to smoke cigarettes.

Front 4

The biomedical model of disease

Back 4

views pathogens as the causes of disease

Front 5

The discipline that emphasizes the prevention of illness and the enhancement of health in currently healthy people is called.

Back 5

behavioral health.

Front 6

An adherent patient who reduces her pain by prescribed medication as scheduled is an example of

Back 6

negative reinforcement

Front 7

Bandura's notion of reciprocal determinism assumes that human conduct results from an interaction of behavior , person factors ( such as cognition) , and

Back 7

the environment

Front 8

Changing health-related behaviors is most likely in a situation that includes

Back 8

high self-efficacy.

Front 9

The theory of reasoned action assumes that behavioral intentions are a function of

Back 9

The theory of reasoned action assumes that behavioral intentions are a function of

Front 10

Morton is 90 pounds overweight and has both high blood pressure and high serum cholesterol. However, it has never occurred to Morton that he might be a candidate for cardiovascular disease if he does not change his lifestyle. According to Prochaska's transtheoretical theory , Morton is in the ____________ stage

Back 10

Precontemplation.

Front 11

According to the transtheoretical model , relapse

Back 11

is possible from any stage.

Front 12

What sort of illness is MOST likely to elicit compliance with medical advice

Back 12

an illness with painful symptoms.

Front 13

Women are more likely than men to show higher rates of adherence to

Back 13

a healthy diet

Front 14

Research indicates that people who are compliant in one situation

Back 14

may or may not be compliant in other situations

Front 15

Economic factors may exert a negative effect on adherence by

Back 15

a) limiting access to screening tests.

b) preventing people from getting prescriptions filled or refilled.

both a and b

Front 16

Those who do not share the cultural beliefs of Western medicine

Back 16

may not comply with physician's advice but may comply with a practitioner from the same cultural tradition

Front 17

Compared to male physicians , female phsicians

Back 17

ask more questions of patients

Front 18

The reason that patients fail to be compliant is that

Back 18

any or all the above

Front 19

According to research , which of these methods is MOST likely to improve the rate of patient compliance ?

Back 19

a written contingency contract signed by the patient and the physician who provides a reward for compliance.

Front 20

One of the method for improving adherence among a group of sedentary , physically unfit middle-aged participants is to enhance their belief that they can perform those behaviors necessary to initiate and maintain an aerobic exercise program. This is an example of

Back 20

self-efficacy theory

Front 21

Which strategy is LEAST likely to improve rate of adherence ?

Back 21

verbal punishments

Front 22

Opiate drugs

Back 22

a) are effective analgesics.
b) produce dependence.
c) produce tolerance.

D) all the above.

Front 23

Aspirin-type analgesic drugs are most effective in

Back 23

treating injuries that are accompanied with inflammation

Front 24

Bailey has tried many treatments for her chronic back pain. His treatment of last resort would probably be

Back 24

surgery.

Front 25

In order for a treatment to make the transition from alternative to conventional medicine

Back 25

a body of evidence must confirm its effectiveness

Front 26

has few therapeutic benefits but can be a pleasant diversion

Back 26

involves manipulation of soft tissue and is suitable for a variety of pain problems.

Front 27

The benefits of qi gong and tai chi chuan include

Back 27

relaxation , strengthened muscles , and improved balance.

Front 28

Research on the power of prayer to improve health indicates that

Back 28

people who are the objects of prayers experience health improvements when they know about the prayers but not when they do.

Front 29

In the United States , who is most likely to use CAM?

Back 29

a well educated White woman

Front 30

Integrative medicine

Back 30

attempts to integrate conventional and alternative medicine to improve treatment success.

Front 31

Snyder is in therapy with a health psychologist for relief from panic attacks. The psychologist uses a technique in which Snyder is asked to imagine a peaceful pastoral scene and then concentrate on that scene during any anxiety-provoking situation. From this description it appears that Snyder's psychologist is using

Back 31

guided imagery

Front 32

Relaxation training has been found to be most successful in

Back 32

managing stress and stress-related pain.

Front 33

In general ,hypnotic treatment has been found to

Back 33

reduce acute pain more than chronic pain

Front 34

Wilbert Fordyce, along with others who advocate a behavior modification view of pain , has claimed that

Back 34

pain behaviors may have reinforcing consequences for the pain patient

Front 35

Cognitive therapists emphasizes a change in

Back 35

thinking patterns.

Front 36

Stress inoculation training has been found to be effective ; it _____________ anxiety and __________ performance under stress.

Back 36

decreases .... increases

Front 37

Pennebaker has found that , emotional expression such as crying , throwing objects , and yelling

Back 37

a. reduced the rate of asthma
b. lowered blood pressure.
c. produced fewer visits to doctor's office.

d. none of the above.

Front 38

Rosario participated in a program in which she wrote about a traumatic event in her life as a way to improve her distress about this event. Imagee` participated in the same program, but in addition to writing about a traumatic event in her life , she received instructions to focus on finding something positive about this negative experience. Research indicates that

Back 38

Imagee' will profit more than Rosario because focusing on something positive has additional benefits to emotional expression

Front 39

Ordinarily , the LEAST severe cardiovascular disorder is

Back 39

angina pectoris

Front 40

For an adult , blood pressure of 190/130 would be

Back 40

Stage 2 hypertension

Front 41

Since 1960 , death rates from cardiovascular disease have

Back 41

decreased dramatically

Front 42

The pattern of death rates from Cardiovascualar disease in the United States since 1920 most nearly resembles

Back 42

Bell-shaped curve

Front 43

The 1964 Surgeon General's report on the dangers of smoking was one of the studies that led to lifestyle changes and lowering of cardiovascular disease rates. The other influential study was

Back 43

the Framingham Heart study

Front 44

Bill Clinton , whose story introduced this chapter , had some family history of heart disease and had eaten a high-fat diet for many years of his life. Which of his risks would be inherent cardiovascular risk factor for the former President ?

Back 44

his gender

Front 45

Compared with European Americans , African Americans

Back 45

have higher rates of hypertension and higher rates of cardiovascular mortality

Front 46

Other than advancing age , _____________ is the single most important risk factor for cardiovascular disease.

Back 46

hypertension.

Front 47

A diet high in _______ offers protection against cardiovascular disease

Back 47

fruits , vegetables and fish

Front 48

People with low level of education have high rates of cardiovascular disease. The most valid explanation for this observation is that

Back 48

education level is related to hypertension, obesity

Front 49

Marriage seems to offer some people some protection against heart disease. The best explanation is that marriage is related to __________ , which in turn relates to _______ .

Back 49

social support .... seeking health care

Front 50

Grace owns a large manufacturing firm . She is competitive , nearly always angry , and constantly in a hurry to get things done. Grace's greatest risk for heart disease is

Back 50

her anger

Front 51

Research has indicated that __________ of anger is positively related to cardiac reactivity.

Back 51

expression

Front 52

The best advice to give to an angry middle-aged man at risk for heart disease would be to

Back 52

express his anger with a soft , slow vocal pattern

Front 53

Brady a 22-year old college student who smokes ,eats high-fat foods , and doesn't exercise. Brady knows that heart disease is leading cause of death in the United States , yet he views his chances of dying of heart disease in near future is zero. Weinstein would call Brady's attitude

Back 53

optimistic bias

Front 54

In comparison with heart attack patients who do not participate in a cardiac rehabilitation program , those who do

Back 54

have lower death rates from cardiovascular disease.

Front 55

Which of these strategies would NOT ordinarily be recommended to heart patients ?

Back 55

high protein diet.

Front 56

For men , death rates are highest for ________ cancer.

Back 56

Lung

Front 57

The factor LEAST likely to explain why people of different ethnic background have different rates of caner deaths is

Back 57

Biology

Front 58

Testicular cancer

Back 58

varies from age-related risk of other cancers , striking young men more often than older ones

Front 59

Cody is a heavy smoker who is aware of the information on the link between cigarette smoking and lung cancer. According to research , Cody is more likely than Coy , his twin brother who quit smoking , to believe that

Back 59

a. cigarette smoke smells good.
b. smoking settles one's nerves.
c. cigarettes taste good.

d. All the above.

Front 60

Among the following , which of these factors carries the lowest risk factor for cancer ?

Back 60

a diet high fiber

Front 61

If pizza protects against cancer , the ingredient most likely to provide that protection would be the

Back 61

tomato sauce.

Front 62

Kristy is a 21-year old college student who is concerned about breast cancer because both her mother and grandmother developed the disease before the age of 55. Current evidence shows that Kristy can reduce her chances of breast cancer by

Back 62

a. continuing as a nondrinker.
b. continuing as a nonsmoker.
c. beginning and maintaining a regular physical activity program.

d. doing all of the above.

Front 63

Kaposi's sarcoma occurs most frequently in the United States as a result of

Back 63

HIV infection

Front 64

Women who have had children early in life , compared with those with later pregnancies or with no children , tend to have

Back 64

decrease risk for breast cancer

Front 65

Cervical cancer is related to

Back 65

a. sexual behavior of women.
b. reproductive history of women.
c. sexual behavior of woman's sex partners.

d. all of the above.

Front 66

Elsa has recently experienced fatigue , weight change , hair loss , nausea , loss of sexual interest , sleep problems , and loss of appetite after her treatment for cancer. These symptoms are most likely to follow

Back 66

Chemotherapy

Front 67

If a person doesn't smoke or drink alcohol , eats a high-fiber diet , and avoids overexposure to the sun

Back 67

the person's risk of getting cancer will be decreased.

Front 68

Most chronic diseases place some strain on family members , but the most distress is usually experienced by those who live with ________________ patients

Back 68

Alzheimer's

Front 69

One of the difficulties that children and adolescents face in coping with diabetes is that

Back 69

the dietary restrictions are difficult for them to follow.

Front 70

The leading cause of death among adult Type 1 and Type 2 diabetics is

Back 70

cardiovascular disease.