Health Psychology Lecture Notes, Midterm 2

Front 1

3 approaches to defining stress

Back 1

stimulus, response, process

Front 2

2 early contributions to stress that say stress is a physiological response

Back 2

walter cannon- flight vs. fight

selye- The General Adaptation Syndrome

Front 3

____ activates the flight-or-fight response

Back 3

SAM

Front 4

"body adapts to stressor" describes which stage of GAS

Back 4

resistance

Front 5

"body is aroused and mobilized" described which stage of GAS

Back 5

alert

Front 6

"energy reserves depleted" describes which stage of GAS

Back 6

exhaustion

Front 7

the physiological effects of prolonged stress is caused by which system?

Back 7

the hypothamalic-pituitary adrenocortical (HPA) system

Front 8

The adrenal cortex releases corticosteroids (cortisol) which:_________, _________, _________, __________. It is because of this that the body gets exhausted if activated for too long.

Back 8

release stored energy, provide fuel for flight-or-flight, increase blood pressure and suppress the immune system

Front 9

modern definition of stress

Back 9

a condition that results when person-environment transactions lead to a perceived discrepancy between situations demands and the person biopsychosocial resources for coping with these demands

Front 10

true or false: stress can also occur when resources are underused

Back 10

true: causes boredom

Front 11

stress is a _________ state

Back 11

dynamic

Front 12

difference between overt and covert coping efforts

Back 12

overt- action oriented

covert- psychological

Front 13

two types of coping

Back 13

problem-focused coping, emotion focused coping

Front 14

specific strategies for problem-focused coping

Back 14

actively confront the situation(change it, fact it and overcome demands), planful problem solving, suppress competing activities, seek information social support advice

Front 15

specific strategies for emotion-focused coping

Back 15

distancing, self-control, positive appraisals, accepting responsibility, escape-avoidance, seek emotional social support

Front 16

explain rational emotive therapy

Back 16

can reduce stress by changing irrational beliefs

Front 17

The ABCD model is part of which therapy?

Back 17

rational emotive therapy

Front 18

Explain ABCD model

Back 18

Activating environmental even

irrational beliefs

emotional consequences

disputing beleifs

Front 19

3 terms for irrational beleifs

Back 19

awfulizing, can't-stand-itis, musterbation

Front 20

3 types of sensory receptors

Back 20

mechano-receptors, thermo receptors, pain receptors

Front 21

"touch, pressure, vibration and movement" would be an example of which sensory receptor

Back 21

mechano-receptors

Front 22

when do we accurately percieve bodily sensations

Back 22

when they are pervasive and strong

Front 23

true or false: outdoor joggers run slower and report more fatigue than indoor joggers

Back 23

false

Front 24

explain "the ultrasonic noise study"

Back 24

played noise that you can't hear for 2 minutes, told the noise will influence finger temperature, asked to report finger temp. on a scale of 1(cold)-100(warm), when told sound would increase finger temp (reported 70), when told decrease (48), when told nothing (58)

Front 25

psychological factors that influence perceiving symptoms

Back 25

focus of attention, cognitive set, expectations, emotions, prior learning

Front 26

illness representations influence

Back 26

interpretation of new information, decisions to see treatment, adherence to medication regimes, expectations for future health, responses to health-relevant behaviour

Front 27

telling people to do things can __________ and get them to do ________________

Back 27

backfire; the opposite

Front 28

example of when telling people to do something backfired

Back 28

Coca-cola- 1985 tried to replace old coke with a new formula, said you need to like the new coke, people demanded for the old coke back despite liking the new formula

Front 29

explain the theory of psychological reactance

Back 29

we have "free behaviours"- the ability to perform AND right to perform. threatening a free behaviour produces psychological reactance (unpleasant state of tension). people are motivated to restore freedom by doing exactly what they were told not to

Front 30

what is an example that supports the theory of psychological resistance

Back 30

censorship, when music is banned in one country, it increases sales in another eg. Marilyn Manson

Front 31

high reactance occurs when

Back 31

there are no available alternatives to the threatened behaviour

Front 32

what is a real world example of the theory of psychological resistance

Back 32

prohibition

Front 33

the wise physician will

Back 33

attempt to reduce the magnitude of reatance

Front 34

5 factors that influence the magnitude of reactance

Back 34

magnitude of threat

importance of free behaviour

confidence that we possess a free behaviour

threat is perceived as illegitimate or unjustified

available alternative to threatened behaviour

Front 35

how can things be unlearned?

Back 35

change the antecedents and consequences

Front 36

5 steps to changing behaviour

Back 36

specify problem behaviour

gather baseline data

design BM program

execute program

evaluate effectiveness of program