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64 Cards in this Set
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1.Although the ACA will enact sweeping U.S. health care system reforms, onefundamental element of the system that will remain unchanged is: |
d. financing of health care expenditures through a combination of public and private sources |
a. health insurance regulation NO b. the number of uninsured Americans c. the individually based focus on reimbursement for care NO d. financing of health care expenditures through a combination of public and private sources |
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2. Thecurrent highest personal care expenditure in the U.S. is for: |
b. hospital care |
a. home health services b. hospital care c. hospice care d. prescription drugs |
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3. DespiteU.S. health care spending exceeding by far, expenditures of 28 other developednations, U.S. health outcomes lag far behind. Extensive research has concludedthat reasons for high U.S. high expenditures are: |
c. higher U.S. per capita income and much higher U.S. prices for medical care |
a. Americans’ high demands for specialty care b. overuse of expensive technology and higher per capita physician visit rates c. higher U.S. per capita income and much higher U.S. prices for medical care d. vastly superior health care |
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4.3 Major drivers of U.S. health expenditures include: |
a. advancing medical technology, growth in the older population, specialty medicine, labor intensity, and reimbursement system incentives |
a. advancing medical technology, growth in the older population, specialty medicine, labor intensity, and reimbursement system incentives b. political and consumer concerns over the costs of care relative to its quality c. adoption of European models of health care services delivery d. a combination of employer, consumer, purchaser and provider interests |
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5.The basic concept of health insurance is antithetical to the premise on whichpersonal or property insurance was historically defined because: |
b. other forms of insurance were intended to cover individuals against the low risk of unlikely events such as premature deaths or accidents while health insurance provides coverage for unlikely events in addition to routine and discretionary services |
a. health insurance is managed by third parties b. other forms of insurance were intended to cover individuals against the low risk of unlikely events such as premature deaths or accidents while health insurance provides coverage for unlikely events in addition to routine and discretionary services c. most health insurance is provided by employers whereas other insurance is personally purchased by individuals through brokers d. unlike other personal or property insurance, health insurance bases premiums on assessments of risk |
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6. Theestablishment of Blue Cross for hospital care and shortly thereafter, BlueShield for physicians’ services signaled a new era in health care delivery andfinancing. Which of the following was not among their major impacts: |
d. caused for-profit insurers to use “experience” rather than “community” ratings to establish premiums |
a. Americans’ insulation from the knowledge of the costs of care b. high increases in the use of hospitals NO c. dis-empowering efforts to enact a national, government health insurance plan NO d. caused for-profit insurers to use “experience” rather than “community” ratings to establish premiums |
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7. The 1973HMO legislation responded to which of the following national concerns: |
d. rapidly increasing Medicare expenditures and concerns about the quality of care |
a. insolvency of insurers providing employer-based contracts b. rising numbers of uninsured NO c. growing numbers of Medicaid-eligible citizens d. rapidly increasing Medicare expenditures and concerns about the quality of care |
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8.By focusing on insured populations rather than individuals, managed careorganizations can project health service use by: |
b. demographic factors such as age, gender, and other factors |
a. previous patient histories b. demographic factors such as age, gender, and other factors c. national averages d. ratios of specialists to primary care providers |
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9. Themanaged care concept called “capitation” refers to: |
a. physicians agreeing to provide all medical care an individual requires for a specified time period, for a prepaid fee |
a. physicians agreeing to provide all medical care an individual requires for a specified time period, for a prepaid fee b. establishing a global budget with “caps” on expenditures NO c. establishing minimum quality performance standards d. purchasers of health care negotiating as a group NO |
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10. An aim ofmanaged care is to transfer some measure of financial risk to providers and, toa lesser extent, to patients. Transferring financial risk to patients isaccomplished by: |
d. requiring co-pays for specified services |
a. requiring the use of clinical pathways b. using fee withholds c. monitoring provider practice patterns d. requiring co-pays for specified services |
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11. Cost-controlinitiatives undertaken by managed care organizations to improve communicationswith chronic disease patients in the hope of avoiding unnecessary, costly careare known by the term: |
a. disease management |
a. disease management b. acute episode avoidance c. emergency room deferral d. hospitalization diversion |
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12. The“Managed care backlash” beginning in the 1990s, refers to: |
c. health care providers and consumers protesting managed care’s restrictive policies on provider choice, referrals to specialty care and other practices |
a. physicians’ refusing to participate in managed care networks NO b. steep rises in health care cost growth in spite of managed care controls NO c. health care providers and consumers protesting managed care’s restrictive policies on provider choice, referrals to specialty care and other practices d. employer protests of sharply increasing insurance premiums |
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13. The mostinfluential managed care quality assurance organization that accredits manydifferent aspects of managed care organizations on a voluntary basis is: |
b. the National Committee on Quality Assurance (NCQA) |
a. the Joint Commission (JC) b. the National Committee on Quality Assurance (NCQA) c. the Group Health Association of America (GHA) d. the Institute for HealthcareImprovement (IHI) |
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14. TheHealthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) may be best describedas: |
d. a standardized method for managed care organizations to collect, calculate and report information about their performance to facilitate purchasers’ and consumers’ comparisons of different insurance plans on a variety of parameters |
a. a program offering suggestions that helps employers’ keep healthinsurance plan costs as low as possible b. a systematic process to assess the competence of employers’administration of their sponsored health plans c. a vehicle to allow health insurance policy holders to confidentiallysubmit feedback on their satisfaction with health insurance benefits to theiremployers d. a standardized method for managed care organizations to collect,calculate and report information about their performance to facilitatepurchasers’ and consumers’ comparisons of different insurance plans on avariety of parameters |
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15. TheMedicare program enacted in 1965 as Title XVIII of the 1935 Social Security Actis characterized as the most sweeping social legislation ever enacted by thefederal government because it: |
a. was only the second mandated U.S. health insurance program after worker’s compensation and signaled the federal government’s entry into the personal healthcare financing arena |
a. was only the second mandated U.S. health insurance program afterworker’s compensation and signaled the federal government’s entry into thepersonal healthcare financing arena b. required participation by all practicing physicians c. passed expenses for providing coverage from low-income to high incomeworkers through payroll taxes d. established the principal of universal coverage based on beneficiaryincome n |
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16.Enacted in 1983, the Diagnosis-related Group payment methodology shiftedhospital reimbursement from the retrospective to prospective basis. The majorpurpose of this new payment system was to: |
b. provide financial incentives for hospitals to spend no more than needed to produce optimal outcomes for hospitalized patients |
a. change physician practice patterns to reflect more efficient use ofresources for hospitalized patients b. provide financial incentives for hospitals to spend no more thanneeded to produce optimal outcomes for hospitalized patients c. discourage hospital expenditures for expensive new technology d. penalize physicians and hospitals equally for wasteful resource usein the care of hospitalized patients |
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17. Inretrospect, implementation of the DRG system demonstrated that: |
b. hospitals could profit from instituting more efficient patient care procedures |
a. hospitals were not as inefficient as previously thought b. hospitals could profit from instituting more efficient patient careprocedures c. longer lengths of hospital stay were necessary to ensure quality care d. none of the above NO |
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18. TheCenters for Medicare & Medicaid Services “Hospital Compare” web-basedprogram the primary purpose of: |
d. providing consumers with objective criteria that allow comparisons of hospitals’ use of evidence-based practices and patient satisfaction ratings |
a. providing comparative price data for specified hospital procedures b. exposing hospitals’ internal system deficiencies that result inmedical errors c. fostering competition for patients in the health care marketplace d. providing consumers with objective criteria that allow comparisons ofhospitals’ use of evidence-based practices and patient satisfaction ratings |
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19. Enactedin 1965 as Title XIX of the Social Security Act, Medicaid is: |
a. a joint federal-state program supporting basic health services for low income individuals and in which federal and state support is shared based on a state’s per capita income. |
a. a joint federal-state program supporting basic health services forlow income individuals and in which federal and state support is shared basedon a state’s per capita income. b. a federal program of support for individuals with long-term careneeds, such as the chronically ill elderly c. the federal government’s effort to cover the uninsured population d. an entitlement program for Americans who are unable to obtainemployment |
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20. Theintent of the Medicaid Child Health Insurance Program (CHIP) was to: |
d. enroll 10 million uninsured children in Medicaid whose family incomes were too high to qualify for Medicaid but too low to purchase private health insurance |
a. demonstrate the cost- effectiveness of early childhood preventivehealth education programs b. provide additional federal resources to struggling state Medicaidprograms c. highlight the benefits of the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 to statelegislatures d. enroll 10 million uninsured children in Medicaid whose family incomeswere too high to qualify for Medicaid but too low to purchase private healthinsurance |
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21. Medicaidand CHIP quality initiatives are carried out through partnerships with therespective states’ programs using five quality criteria that include which ofthe following? |
a. prevention and health promotion, management of acute conditions, management of chronic conditions, family experience of care, availability of services |
a. prevention and health promotion, management of acute conditions,management of chronic conditions, family experience of care, availability ofservices b. prevention and health promotion, healthy pregnancies, management ofacute conditions, management of chronic conditions, child protection c. management of acute conditions, management of chronic conditions,child protection, residential quality and safety, child support d. residential quality andsafety, child support, management of acute conditions, avoidance ofhospitalizations |
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22. Under theACA, most Americans will be required to have health insurance or be penalizedwith an annual tax. In the ACA legislation, this requirement is popularly knownas: |
c. “individual mandate” |
a. “play or pay” initiative b. “health insurance mandate” c. “individual mandate” d. “essential health benefit” |
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23. Asdefined and required by the ACA, health insurance exchanges (HIEs), intend to: |
b. create a competitive health insurance market by providing web-based, easily understandable comparative information to consumers on plan choices with standardized rules regarding health plan offers and pricing |
a. decrease health insurance costs by impeding competition in the healthcare insurance market by exposing differences to purchasers and consumers abouthigh performing and poorly performing health plans b. create a competitive health insurance market by providing web-based,easily understandable comparative information to consumers on plan choices withstandardized rules regarding health plan offers and pricing c. empower state insurance regulators to more effectively monitor theperformance of health plans’ costs and quality d. give all consumers and purchasers the rights of appeal on increasinghealth insurance premium costs |
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24.The ACA’s “Bundled Payments for Care Improvement Initiative” intends to addresswhich of the following long-standing concerns about the Medicare program’scosts and quality? |
c. fee-for service payments for individual services provided during a beneficiary’s illness resulting in fragmented care with minimal coordination across providers and settings that result in rewarding service quantity rather than quality. |
a. physicians responding to reduced reimbursements by ordering moremedical procedures NO b. patients’ demands for increased use of unnecessary specialistservices and Medicare’s obligation to pay for many unnecessary proceduresc. fee-for service payments for individual services provided during abeneficiary’s illness resulting in fragmented care with minimal coordinationacross providers and settings that result in rewarding service quantity ratherthan quality. d. physicians’ resistance to accountability for medical care outcomes ascompared with costs |
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25. ACAimplementation over the next six years will confront policy makers with adaunting array of issues; paying for changes in the delivery system may be theleast challenging. The most challenging issues are likely to entail: |
d. All of the above |
a. Changes from prior philosophies of providers’ individually-based careperspectives to perspectives on achieving improved population health status b. Changes in medical and other professional schools’ educationalcurricula to include emphasis on population health c. Recognizing that medical technology cannot solve the overarchingproblems of providing care for increasing numbers of aged and chronically illAmericans d. All of the above |
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26.Long-term care is best described as: |
c. services provided in both home and institutional settings for personsof all ages with varying levels of medical, social, and personal care needs
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a. home-based care for physically disabled adults and children b. hospital stays lasting more than 30 days c. services provided in both home and institutional settings for personsof all ages with varying levels of medical, social, and personal care needs d. community-based services for the frail elderly |
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27. Which ofthe following societal factors increases the need for formal long-term careservices? |
d. all of the above
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a. women working outside the home b. high divorce rates c. smaller family size d. all of the above |
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28. The UShistory of institutional long-termcare began with: |
b. communal care settings operated by charitable community members and government supported almshouses
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a. family-based care for the sick and infirm in their own homes b. communal care settings operated by charitable community members andgovernment supported almshouses c. state-supported asylums d. military hospitals to care for wounded and sick soldiers |
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29.The development of formal home care services, such as those provided by the Visiting Nurses Association originated as: |
c. a social response to improve unhealthy living conditions of
immigrants residing in crowded urban tenements and prevent the spread of infectious diseases |
a. a means to promote urban children’s immunization against infectiousdiseases b. a service to the wealthy who wished to receive care in their homes,rather than institutions c. a social response to improve unhealthy living conditions ofimmigrants residing in crowded urban tenements and prevent the spread ofinfectious diseases d. local health departments’ response to the needs of elderly residentsliving alone |
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30. Long-termcare and nursing-home reform legislation of the 1970s occurred as a response towhich of the following: |
d. A and C |
a. widespread media reports and Congressional hearings on nursing homeand residential care facility abuses and negligence b. inadequate reimbursement for appropriate care in institutionalsettings c. national recognition of inadequate quality assurance and monitoringsystems in the long-term care industry d. A and C |
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31. The enactmentof Medicare and Medicaid in 1965 affected the long-term care industry in manyways. Which of the following was not an effect of the Medicare andMedicaid enactment on the long-term care industry? |
b. Prohibition of for-profit providers’ participation in Medicare and Medicaid long-term care reimbursement
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a. Provision of more stable reimbursement sources than previouslyavailable from private pay and charitable sources b. Prohibition of for-profit providers’ participation in Medicare and Medicaid long-term care reimbursement c. Establishment of minimal standards of care to qualify for Medicareand Medicaid reimbursement d. Provision of resources for older and disabled Americans and thoselacking the ability to pay for care |
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32. The major distinction between skilled-nursing and residential care facilities is that skilled nursing facilities: |
b. provide care primarily for people requiring intensive nursing,rehabilitation, or related services
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a. provide care in both community and institutional settings b. provide care primarily for people requiring intensive nursing,rehabilitation, or related services c. typically accommodate relatively self-sufficient residents d. primarily provide at-home care |
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33. Which ofthe following was NOT a driver of expanded home care services during the1980s through the 1990s? |
b. audits documenting significant fraud and abuse of Medicare billing
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a. assertions by increased numbers of older persons of their desire toremain in their own homes for care, whenever possible b. audits documenting significant fraud and abuse of Medicare billing c. decreased availability of informal care-givers available to assisttheir family members d. the Olmstead Supreme Courtdecision upholding the right of citizens to receive care in the community //pasQ�U 6� |
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34. Which ofthe following best describes the informal long-term care system? |
b. care and assistance provided in the home by family members and friends
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a. group living facilities where residents may come and go as theyplease b. care and assistance provided in the home by family members andfriends c. adult day care facilities d. assistance with activities of daily living from a home care agency |
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35. The hospice movement is concerned with care for terminally ill patients. Which of the following is not a major goal of hospice care? |
a. decreasing costs of care for the terminally ill by avoiding use ofexpensive technology
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a. decreasing costs of care for the terminally ill by avoiding use ofexpensive technology b. providing an alternative to the curative/intervention approach ofmedical care for the terminally ill c. providing state-of-the-art pain relief interventions while supportingthe patient and his/her family through the life-death transition d. supporting terminally ill patients’ sense of independence throughout their dying process NO |
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36. Respitecare is best defined as: |
a. services that temporarily relieve informal caregivers through assistance in the home or through institutional placement on a temporary basis
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a. services that temporarily relieve informal caregivers throughassistance in the home or through institutional placement on a temporary basis b. legally required “rest periods” for caregivers of dependent familymembers by which employers are required to give paid leaves of absence c. temporary, Medicaid-supported vacations for caregivers of aphysically or mentally-dependent family member d. permanent patient placement in a residential care facility |
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37. Along-term care innovation, “naturally occurring retirement community,” is bestdefined as: |
c. apartment complexes, neighborhoods, or sections of communities where residents have opted to age-in-place
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a. a federally-designated geographic area with a high proportion ofolder Americans b. groups of federally-funded senior services centers in a definedgeographic area that offer congregate meals and social activities c. apartment complexes, neighborhoods, or sections of communities whereresidents have opted to age-in-place d. a not-for-profit organization-operated campus of facilities andservices for Medicare beneficiaries |
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38. Incolonial American, mental health “treatment” consisted of: |
c. confinement in homes, in jails or in almshouses where patientssuffered severely
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a. Compassionate, volunteer community members housing the mentally illin their private homes to give structured comfort and care b. federal and state institutions providing social and behavioralprograms c. confinement in homes, in jails or in almshouses where patientssuffered severely d. community-based services that provided herbal medicines |
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39.National awareness of the needs of the mentally ill rose sharply in theaftermath of WWI because: |
d. thousands of soldiers returned from the war suffering from “war neurosis” or “shell shock”
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a. a large number of soldiers had been rejected from the draft due tomental illness b. by the end of the war, several new effective pharmacologic treatmentsfor mental illness had become available c. the passage of the National Mental Health Act prompted political attention to the causes of the mentally ill d. thousands of soldiers returned from the war suffering from “war neurosis” or “shell shock” |
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40. Duringthe 1960s, one factor that enabled mentally ill persons to move from largeinstitutions to community settings was: |
a. the development of effective pharmacologic treatments for many disorders
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a. the development of effective pharmacologic treatments for many disorders b. rising concern over the costs of inpatient care c. the invention of psycho-surgery d. the Quaker movement for “moral treatment” |
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41.Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, federal and state governments expanded community mental health centers and services based on which untested assumptions? |
b. Severe mental illness did not differ qualitatively from lesser forms of mental distress and early intervention could prevent development of major psychiatric disorders
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a. Structured supervision and strenuous labor could reduce mentalillness symptoms b. Severe mental illness did not differ qualitatively from lesser formsof mental distress and early intervention could prevent development of majorpsychiatric disorders c. Social relationships and recreational activities offered in communitymental health centers would contribute to reducing symptoms d. No matter how ineffective, community-based treatment of the severelymentally ill was a better alternative than incarceration in large institutions |
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42. The term,“non-parity,” as it applies to insurance coverage for mental health services,is best defined as: |
b. insurers using different and unequal systems to cover mental healthfrom those used for medical care
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a. discrimination laws based on age and gender b. insurers using different and unequal systems to cover mental healthfrom those used for medical care c. reimbursement approvals according to specific diagnoses d. reimbursement for outpatient services at rates different fromhospitalization |
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43. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, efforts of advocacy groups such as the National Alliance on Mental Illness, the National Institutes of Health and clinical researchers ultimately demonstrated that: |
c. psychiatric disorders are biologically-based illnesses requiring targeted treatments, not unfocused “talk” therapies.
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a. early intervention could prevent the development of severe mentalillness b. community-based social therapy was as effective in treating mentalillness as institution-based care c. psychiatric disorders are biologically-based illnesses requiring targeted treatments, not unfocused “talk” therapies. d. Psycho-social stressors had little influence on the occurrence ofepisodes of acute mental illness Q6 |
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44. WorldHealth Organization ranking of the leading causes of disability in the U.S. andCanada in terms of the total number of years lost to illness, disability orpremature death places neuropsychiatric disorders at what level? |
d. first
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a. third b. fourth c. second d. first |
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45. Anindividual’s diagnosis with two or more mental illness diagnoses occurring atthe same time is termed: |
a. Comorbidity
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a. Comorbidity b. Bipolar disorder c. Schizophrenia d. Obsessive-compulsive disorder |
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46. Manyfactors are associated with lack of access to mental health care. One reasonwhy only about one-third of those in need of mental health services actuallyreceives them is: |
c. fear of family and social stigmatization
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a. mental health treatment is known to be rarely effective b. treatment is often painful, with serious side effects c. fear of family and social stigmatization d. fear of treatment side effects |
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47. Which of the following is NOT a reason why access to adequate mental health treatment for children and adolescents is particularly problematic? |
c. Parental reluctance to acknowledge mental health problems in their children
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a. Clinical research involving children has lagged behind that for adults b. Inadequate numbers of well-trained child and adolescent psychiatrists c. Parental reluctance to acknowledge mental health problems in thei rchildren d. Few practitioners access research findings on treatment efficacy |
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48.Psychiatric and behavioral health problems are treated by an array of providersloosely categorized into four sectors. The sector consisting of social serviceagencies, school-based counseling services, rehabilitation services, vocationalservices and criminal justice/prison-based services is known as which of thefollowing? |
b. human services
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a. primary care b. human services c. Volunteer support network d. Psychiatric and behavioral health |
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49. “RecoveryOriented Systems of Care” (ROSC) refers to a major paradigm shift in theapproach to mental health assessment and treatment planning. One essentialfeature of ROSCs is: |
c. shifting treatment plan emphasis from symptom reduction to a “hopeplan” for the individual’s future
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a. disregarding diagnoses and specific problems b. focusing on episodic rather than continuity of care c. shifting treatment plan emphasis from symptom reduction to a “hopeplan” for the individual’s future d. avoiding use of peers in treatment plan development |
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50. Asignificant contribution of the ACA to enhanced mental care will be: |
d. Requiring health insurance policies to include coverage for psychiatric and behavioral health treatment and parity with coverage for medical treatment
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a. Funding for additional psychiatric residencies in child andadolescent mental health b. Major expansions of community mental health centers c. Enhanced support for clinical trials on new drugs for childhoodmental illness treatment d. Requiring health insurance policies to include coverage forpsychiatric and behavioral health treatment and parity with coverage formedical treatment |
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51. The Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act implemented in 2010 contains many important features to end insurance benefit inequity between mental health andsubstance abuse benefits and medical/surgical benefits for group health planwith more than 50 employees. A main feature of this legislation included whichof the following? |
c. equal coverage applies to all deductibles, copayments, coinsurance and out-of-pocket expenses
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a. employers can opt-out of providing substance abuse benefits in theirinsurance plans based on moral objections b. mental/health substance abuse coverage is mandated in all policies c. equal coverage applies to all deductibles, copayments, coinsuranceand out-of-pocket expenses d. preemption of existing state parity laws span |
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52.Coverage “carve outs” are a cost-containment method used by managed care plansfor mental health benefits. Under this arrangement, management of mental healthbenefits is: |
c. Monitored by community-based mental health centers
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a. Delegated to the patient’s primary physician b. Outsourced to a subcontractor known as a “Managed Behavioral Healthcare Organization” which assumes financial risk and authorization for service access c. Monitored by community-based mental health centers d. Allowed only by board-certified psychiatrists |
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“PublicHealth” is most broadly defined as: |
b. community efforts to cope with health problems arising from peopleliving in groups
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a. medical services funded by federal and state governments b. community efforts to cope with health problems arising from peopleliving in groups c. personal confinement due to quarantine d. local community-funded clinical services w |
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54. As aprofessional health- oriented discipline, public health is unique in what way? |
b. it uses an interdisciplinary approach and methods with emphasis on preventive strategies, links with government and politics and dynamic adaptations to new problems
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a. it applies principles from a narrowly prescribed set of ancientdoctrines b. it uses an interdisciplinary approach and methods with emphasis onpreventive strategies, links with government and politics and dynamicadaptations to new problems c. it rejects clinical interventions in favor of sociologic andpsychological approaches to population health status d. historically, it has received top priority support from the U.S.federal government |
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55.Ecological models as applied to public health are best described as: |
d. Models that take into account the vast number and interdependence offactors or determinants that impact the health status of groups of people
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a. Intervention models based on cause and effect b. Models with a primary emphasis on air, water and housing quality fora particular population group c. Models emphasizing education and income status of vulnerablepopulations d. Models that take into account the vast number and interdependence offactors or determinants that impact the health status of groups of people |
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56. ColonialAmerica’s public health practices in the form of almshouses and town-employedphysicians were modeled upon: |
c. Epidemiologic studies on the spread of infectious disease
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a. Roman principles of quarantine and water sanitation b. England’s “Poor Laws” c. Epidemiologic studies on the spread of infectious disease d. Greek “mind and body” theories |
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57.Government-supported public hospitals frequently provide the following servicesthat are financially unattractive to other community hospitals: |
b. burn care, psychiatric medicine and trauma care
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a. complicated procedures such as cardio-thoracic surgery and neurosurgery b. burn care, psychiatric medicine and trauma care c. chronic disease patient education d. outpatient primary care |
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58. The federal government’s principal agency concerned with health protection,promotion and provision of services to vulnerable populations is the departmentof : |
c. Health and Human Services
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a. Homeland Security b. Health, Education and Welfare c. Health and Human Services d. Veterans’ Affairs v |
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59. Overallsuccess in meeting Healthy People 2010goals for improved health status of Americans is best described as: |
a. a disappointment because health disparities have not changed for 80%of health objectives and have increased for an additional 13%
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a. a disappointment because health disparities have not changed for 80%of health objectives and have increased for an additional 13% b. providing encouraging results that support even higher standards for Healthy People 2020 c. a major benchmark in public health departments’ promotion ofpreventive care d. providing strong justification for more effort to continue this initiative in the future |
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60. TheSeptember 11, 2001 terrorist attacks highlighted which of the following aboutthe U.S. public health system? |
a. inadequate numbers of skilled public health professionals such asnurses, epidemiologists and lab workers
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a. inadequate numbers of skilled public health professionals such asnurses, epidemiologists and lab workers b. a strong, rapid communication system among public health laboratories c. the rewards of having maintained a vibrant national public healthinfrastructure d. the superiority of state vs. national public health response |
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61. Which of the following is NOT suggested as a possible reason for the sometimes contentious relationship between public health leadership and private medicine? |
d. substandard training of public health physicians compared with training of private practitioners
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a. private physicians’ identification of public health with government bureaucracy b. linking care of the low-income population with welfare (public assistance) c. private physicians’ history of being paid for only active, notpreventive therapy d. substandard training of public health physicians compared withtraining of private practitioners |
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62. Onereason why public health suffers from a poor public image is: |
c. public health’s major triumphs such as the virtual eradication ofvaccine-preventable childhood diseases have resulted in those diseases’disappearance from the public’s awareness and political attraction
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a. public health officials are typically reluctant to respond to thepopular media NO b. public health’s contributions to improving the nation’s health statushave been very insignificant compared with advances in acute care medicine NO c. public health’s major triumphs such as the virtual eradication ofvaccine-preventable childhood diseases have resulted in those diseases’disappearance from the public’s awareness and political attraction d. Americans associate public health with government interference inmedical care NO |
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63. The majordifference between public health ethics and medical ethics is that whilemedical ethics have an individual and clinical focus, public health ethics: |
b. are concerned with institutions’ interactions with communities
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a. have government support for health care as the core focus b. are concerned with institutions’ interactions with communities c. focus primarily on community organizing efforts d. focus primarily on legislative lobbying to improve population health status |
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64. Theprimary purpose of the Prevention and Public Health Fund created by the ACA isto: |
c. Eliminate unpredictable federal budget appropriations for public health and prevention programs
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a. Support the education of entry level education for future publichealth practitioners b. Encourage more primary care doctors to pursue public health careers c. Eliminate unpredictable federal budget appropriations for publichealth and prevention programs d. Ensure that health disparities are addressed in everyfederally-funded public health program |
