Gross Anatomy Exam 1

Front 1

Trapezius

Back 1

Superficial muscle of back

Origin: Skull, ligamentum nuchae, and vertebral spines

Inserts: Scapula (Spine and Acromium) and clavicle

Function: Elevates, retracts, and rotates scapula

Innervation: Accessory nerve (CN XI)

Front 2

Latissimus Dorsi

Back 2

Superficial muscle of back

Origin: Iliac crests and associated foscia

Inserts: Humerus

Function: Adduction, medial rotation of arm (humerus)

Innervation: Thoracodorsal nerve (C6-C8)

Front 3

Levator Scapulae

Back 3

Superficial muscle of back; Deep to Trapezius

Origin: Vertebrae

Insertion: Sperior medial border of scapula

Function: Elevation of Scapula

Innervation: C3 and C4 (upper part) and dorsal scapular nerve (C5)

Front 4

Rhomboid Major and Minor

Back 4

Superficial muscle of back; Deep to Trapezius

Origin: Vertebrae or ligamentum nuchae

Insertion: Medial border of scapula

Function: Retract scapula

Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve

Front 5

Serratus Posterior Superior

Back 5

Intermediate muscle of back (Function in respiration)

Deep to rhomboids

Origin: Vertebrae and ligamentum nuchae

Insertion: Ribs

Function: Elevates ribs

Innervation: Segmentally innervated by ventral rami of spinal nerves

Front 6

Serratus Posterior Inferior

Back 6

Intermediate Muscle of the back; deep to latissimus dorsi

Origin: Vertebrae

Insertion: Ribs

Function: Depresses Ribs

Innervation: Ventral rami of spinal nerves

Front 7

Splenius

Back 7

Deep (native) muscle of the back consisting of multiple muscle bundles

Wrapped around other deep muscles in neck

Origin: Vertebrae or ligamentum nuchae

Insertion: Skull or more superior vertebrae

Function: Extends and rotates head

Innervation: Segmentally innerv. by dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Front 8

Erector Spinae

Back 8

Deep muscle of back

Consists of iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis parts

Origin: Iliac crests and vertebrae

Insertion: More superior vertebrae, ribs, and skull

Function: Major extensor of spine; also laterally bends spine

Innervation: Segmentally innervated by dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Associated with back strain and lower back pain

Front 9

Transversospinalis

Back 9

Deep back muscle; deep to erector spinae

Consists of semispinalis (most superficial) multifidus, and rotatores

Origin: Vertebrae

Insertion: More superior vertebrae and skull

Function: Extends head and upper spine(semispinalis) and stabilizes vertebrae (multifidus and rotatores

Innervation: Dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Front 10

Deltoid

Back 10

Scapula Region

Origin: Spine and acromium of scapula and from clavicle

Insertion: Humerus

Function: Abductor of arm; also flexes and medially rotates arm (anterior fibers), extends and laterally rotates arm (posterior fibers)

Innervation: Axillary nerve (C5, C6)

Front 11

Supraspinous

Back 11

Scapula Region

Origin: Supraspinatus Fossa of scapula

Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

Function: Abduction of arm

Innervation: Supracscapular nerve (C5,C6)

Front 12

Infraspinous

Back 12

Origin: Infraspinatus fossa of scapula

Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

Function: Lateral rotation of arm

Innervation: Suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)

Front 13

Teres Minor

Back 13

Origin: Lateral border of scapula

Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

Function: Laterally rotates arm

Innervation: Axillary nerve (C5, C6)

Front 14

Teres Major

Back 14

Origin: Inferolater part of scapula

Insertion: Humerus, near insertion of latissimus dorsi

Function: Adduction and medial rotation of arm

Innervation: Upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5, C6)

Front 15

Subscapularis

Back 15

Scapula Region

Origin Subscapular fossa of scapula

Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus

Function: Medial rotation of arm

Innervation: Upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5, C6)

Front 16

Rotator Cuff

Back 16

Scapula Region

Muscles: Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, ters minor, subscapularis ("SITS"

Function: Hold humeral head in glenoid fossa during all movements of shoulder joint

Front 17

Quadrangular Space

Back 17

Scapula Region

Boundaries: Teres minor, teres major, long head of triceps brachii, and surgical neck of humerus

Importance: Axillary nerve passes through to supply deltoid and teres minor and can be injured by fracture of surgical neck of humerus

Front 18

Pectoralis Major

Back 18

Pectoral Region

Origin: Clacicle, sternum, and ribs

Insertion: Humerus near insertions of latissiumus dorsi and teres major

Function: Adducts and medially rotates arm; also fleses arm (clavicular portion) and extends arm (sternocostal portion)

Innervation: Clavicular fibers by lateral pectoral nerve (C5-C7), sternocostal fibers by medial pectoral nerve (C8-T1)

Front 19

Pectoral Minor

Back 19

Deep to pectoralis major

Origin: ribs

Insertion: coracoid process of scapula

Function: stabilizes scapula

Innervation: Pierced and innervated by medial pectoral nerve

Front 20

Subclavius

Back 20

Pectoral region

Origin: First rib

Insertion: Clavicle

Function: Pulls acromion anteriorly through clavicle

Innervation: Nerve to subclavious (C5,C6)

Front 21

Serratus Anterior

Back 21

Pectoral region

Origin: Ribs

Insertion: Medial border of scapula

Function: Protraction of scapula and holds it against thoracic wall

Innervation: Long thoraci nerve (C5-C7)

Injured by surgery or trauma to lateral thoracic wall; paralysis of muscle causes "winged scapula"

Front 22

Axilla

Back 22

Pyramidal-shaped space between upper limb and thoracic wall; contains great vessels and nerves of upper limb

Front 23

Upper Brachial Plexus Injury

Back 23

Cause: Excessive angulation between shoulder and neck or stretching of neck; damage to C5 and C6 rami or upper trunk

Symptoms: Loss of most of shoulder and all anterior arm motions (arms adducted and medially rotated with loss of forearm flexion and supination

Called Erb's palsy or " waite's tip position"

Front 24

Coracobrachialis

Back 24

Flexer muscle of arm (brachium)

Origin: Coracoid process of scapula

Insertion: Humerus

Function: flexes and adducts arm

Front 25

Biceps brachii

Back 25

Flexer arm muscle

Origin: coracoid process 9short head) and supraglenoid tubercle (above glenoid fossa) of scapula long head)

Insertion: Radius and fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis

Function: flexes and supinates forearm, assists in flexion of arm (since both heads cross shoulder joint)

Innervation: Musculotaneous nerve (continues as lateral antibrachial nerve)

Front 26

Brachialis

Back 26

Flexer arm muscle; Deep to biceps brachii

Origin: humerus

Insertion: coronoid process of ulna

Function: flexes forearm (principle flexor

(continues as lateral antibrachial nerve)

Innervation: Musculotaneous nerve

Front 27

Triceps (posterior) muscles

Back 27

Extensor arm muscles

Origin: Infraglenoid tubercle (below glenoid fossa) of scapula (long head) and humerus (lateral and medial heads)

Insertion: Ulna (olecranon)

Function: extends forearm, assists in extension and adduction of arm

Innervation: Radial nerve

Front 28

Aconeus

Back 28

Extensor muscle of arm

Originates from humerus

Insertion: ulna

Function: Assists triceps in extension of arm

Innervation: Radial nerve

Front 29

Brachial Artery

Back 29

Begins in teres major (continuation of axillary artery) and divides into radial and ulnar arteries in cubital fossa

Accompanies median nerve in arm

Importance: Supplies all muscles of arm, forearm, and hand; used to measure blood pressure