Gray's Anatomy For Students - The Abdomen

Front 1

External Oblique (O)

Back 1

muscular slips from the outer surfaces of the lower 8 ribs (V to XII)

Front 2

External Oblique (IS)

Back 2

Lateral lip of iliac crest; aponeurosis ending in linea alba

Front 3

External Oblique (IV)

Back 3

anterior rami of lower six thoracic spinal nerves (T7 to T12) and L1

Front 4

External Oblique (F)

Back 4

Compress abdominal contents; both muscles flex trunk; each muscle bends trunk to same side, turning anterior part of abdomen to opposite side

Front 5

Internal Oblique (O)

Back 5

thoracolumbar fascia; iliac crest between origins of external and transversus; lateral 2/3 of inguinal ligament

Front 6

Internal Oblique (IS)

Back 6

inferior border of the lower 3 or 4 ribs; aponeurosis ending in linea alba; pubic crest and pectineal line

Front 7

Internal Oblique (IV)

Back 7

Anterior Rami of lower six thoracic nerves (T7 to T12) and L1

Front 8

Internal Oblique (F)

Back 8

compress abdominal contents; both muscles flex trunk; each muscle bends trunk and turns anterior part of abdomen to same side

Front 9

Transversus abdominis (O)

Back 9

thoracolumbar fascia; medial lip of iliac crest; lateral 1/3 of inguinal ligament; costal cartilages lower 6 ribs (VII to XII)

Front 10

Transversus abdominis (IS)

Back 10

aponeurosis ending in linea alba; pubic crest and pectineal line

Front 11

Transversus abdominis (IV)

Back 11

anterior rami of lower 6 thoracic nerves spinal nerves (T7 to T12) and L1

Front 12

Transversus Abdominis (F)

Back 12

compress abdominal contents

Front 13

Rectus abdominis (O)

Back 13

pubic crest, pubic tubercle, and pubic symphysis

Front 14

Rectus abdominis (IS)

Back 14

costal cartilages of ribs V to VII; xiphoid process

Front 15

Rectus abdominis (IV)

Back 15

anterior rami of lower thoracic nerves (T7 to T12)

Front 16

Rectus abdominis (F)

Back 16

compress abdominal contents; flex vertebral column; tense abdominal wall

Front 17

Pyramidalis (O)

Back 17

front of pubis and pubic symphysis

Front 18

Pyramidalis (IS)

Back 18

into linea alba

Front 19

Pyramidalis (IV)

Back 19

anterior ramus of T12

Front 20

Pyramidalis (F)

Back 20

tenses the linea alba

Front 21

Psoas Major (O)

Back 21

lateral surface of bodies of TXII and LI to LV vertebrae, transverse processes and intervertebral discs of lumbar vertebrae,

Front 22

Psoas Major (Is)

Back 22

lesser trochanter of the femur

Front 23

Psoas Major (IV)

Back 23

anterior rami of L1 to L3

Front 24

Psoas Major (F)

Back 24

flexion of thigh at the hip joint

Front 25

Psoas Minor (O)

Back 25

lateral surfaces of bodies of TXII and LI vertebrae and intervertebral discs

Front 26

Psoas Minor (IS)

Back 26

pectineal line of pelvic brim and iliopubic eminence

Front 27

Psoas Minor (IV)

Back 27

anterior rami of L1

Front 28

Psoas Minor (F)

Back 28

weak flexion of lumbar vertebral column

Front 29

Quadratus Lumborum (O)

Back 29

transverse processes of LV vertebrae, iliolumbar ligament, and iliac crest

Front 30

Quadratus Lumborum (IS)

Back 30

transverse processes of LI to LIV vertebrae and inferior border of rib XII

Front 31

Quadratus Lumborum (IV)

Back 31

anterior rami of T12 and L1 to L4

Front 32

Quadratus Lumborum (F)

Back 32

depress and stabilize rib XII and some lateral bending of trunk

Front 33

Iliacus (O)

Back 33

upper 2/3 of iliac fossa, anterior s-i joint and iliolumbar ligaments, and upper lateral surface of sacrum

Front 34

Iliacus (IS)

Back 34

lesser trochanter of femur

Front 35

Iliacus (IV)

Back 35

femoral nerve (L2 to L4)

Front 36

Iliacus (F)

Back 36

flexion of thigh at hip joint

Front 37

Celiac Trunk

Back 37

B: anterior
O: inferior to aortic hiatus of diaphragm
PS: abdominal foregut

Front 38

Superior Mesenteric Artery

Back 38

B: anterior
O: inferior to celiac trunk
PS: abdominal midgut

Front 39

Inferior Mesenteric Artery

Back 39

B: anterior
O: inferior to renal arteries
PS: abdominal hindgut

Front 40

Middle Suprarenal Arteries

Back 40

B: Lateral
O: superior to renal arteries
PS: suprarenal glands

Front 41

Renal Arteries

Back 41

B: lateral
O: inferior to superior mesenteric a.
PS: kidneys

Front 42

Gonadal Arteries

Back 42

B: paired anterior
O: inferior to renal arteries
PS: testes or ovaries

Front 43

Inferior phrenic arteries

Back 43

B: paired
O: immediately inferior to aortic hiatus
PS: diaphragm

Front 44

Lumbar Arteries

Back 44

B: posterior
O: usually four pairs
PS: posterior ab wall and sc

Front 45

Median Sacral Arteries

Back 45

B: posterior
O: just superior to aortic bifurcation, pass inferiorly across lumbar vert, sacrum, and coccyx

Front 46

Common Iliac Arteries

Back 46

B: Terminal
O: bifurcation usually occurs at LIV level

Front 47

Right Jugular Trunk

Back 47

right side of head and neck

Front 48

Left jugular trunk

Back 48

left side of head and neck

Front 49

right subclavian trunk

Back 49

right upper limb, superficial regions of thoracic and upper abdominal wall

Front 50

left subclavian trunk

Back 50

left upper limb, superficial regions of thoracic and upper abdominal wall

Front 51

right bronchomediastinal trunk

Back 51

right lung and bronchi, mediastinal structures, thoracic wall

Front 52

left bronchomediastinal trunk

Back 52

left lung and bronchi, mediastinal structures, thoracic wall

Front 53

Thoracic Duct

Back 53

lower limbs, abdominal walls and viscera, pelvic walls and viscera, thoracic wall

Front 54

Heart (RP)

Back 54

AP: thoracic splanchnic nerves
SCL: T1 to T4
RA: upper thorax and medial arm

Front 55

Foregut (RP)

Back 55

AP: greater splanchnic nerves
SCL: T5 to T9
RA: lower thorax and epigastric area

Front 56

Midgut (RP)

Back 56

AP: lesser splanchnic nerves
SCL: T9, T10
RA: umbilical region

Front 57

Hindgut (RP)

Back 57

AP: lumbar splanchnic region
SCL: L1, L2
RA: left and rt flanks and groins, lateral and anterior thighs

Front 58

Kidneys and upper ureter (RP)

Back 58

AP: least splanchnic nerves
SCL: T12
RA: flanks and pubic region

Front 59

Iliohypogastric

Back 59

O: anterior ramus L1
SS: L1
FM: IO and TA
FS: posterolateral gluteal skin and skin in pubic region

Front 60

Ilio-inguinal

Back 60

O: anterior ramus of L1
SS: L1
FM: IO and TA
FS: skin in upper medial thigh, and either the skin over the root of the penis and anterior scrotum or the mons pubis and labium majus

Front 61

Genitofemoral

Back 61

O: ant rami of L1 and L2
SS; L1, L2
FM: genital branch - male cremasteric
FS: genital branch: skin of anterior scrotum or skin of mons pubis and labium majus; femoral branch: skin of upper anterior thigh

Front 62

Lateral cutaneous femoral

Back 62

O: ant rami of L2 and L3
SS: L2, L3
FS: skin on anterior and lateral thigh to the knee

Front 63

Obturator

Back 63

O: Ant rami L2 to L4
SS: L2 to L4
FM: obturator externus, pectineus, and muscles in medial compartment of thigh
FS: skin on medial aspect of thigh

Front 64

Femoral

Back 64

O: ant rami L2 to L4
SS: L2 to L4
FM: iliacus, pectineus, and muscles in ant compartment of thigh
FS: skin on ant thigh and medial surface of leg

Front 65

Function of Abdominal Cavity

Back 65

1. Home of the guts
2. Breathing
3. Movement of Stuff

Front 66

Quadrants

Back 66

RUQ, RLQ, LUQ, LLQ

Front 67

Regions

Back 67

Rt/Lt Hypochondriac
Rt/Lt Flank
Rt/Lt Groin
Epigastric
Umbilicus
Pubic

Front 68

Functions of the Urinary System

Back 68

1. filters blood to remove toxins, metabolic wastes, and excess ions
2. retains water