Gram Positive Non-Spore Forming Bacilli

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Listeria monocytogenes

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-Primary an animal pathogen

-Narrow band of Beta-hemolysis

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Forms the so called

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"Inverted Christmas tree" pattern / umbrella like growth on agar surface SIM media

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Disease

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1.) Listeriosis - Food poisoning

2.) Septicemia- can infect blood

3.) Meaning in elderly and immunocompromised

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Mode of transmission:

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Consumption of contaminated food, particularly COLESLAW and SOFT CHEESE

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Virulence factor:

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Listeriolysis O- hemolytic cytotoxic toxin that allows survival of organism within phagocytes

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CAMP test (+)

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Can tolerate cold enrichment(4°c for several weeks)

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CAMP test for Listeria uses:

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Rhodococcus equi as known organism

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Positive result

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Block-Type hemolysis

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2. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

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H²S positive on TSI media ( it can cause blackening in large amount) ;Non motive, Catalase (+)

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Causes

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Erysipeloid, a localized skin infection, an occupational hazard for those handing meat and poultry and fish; hemolytic pattern: can be either alpha ( usually) or beta-hemolytic

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3. Lactobacillus acidophilus/ Doderlain Bacilli

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Produced large amount of lactic acid, non pathogenic and has little clinical significance;

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PAP stained smear

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Can be seen in PAP stained smear since it's a normal flora: Abnormal increase of L. Acidophilus may indicate DM or patient might taking contraceptive

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Normal flora of mouth,

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GIT and vaginal canal ( it can protect from urogenital bacteria)

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Trivia:

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L. Acidophilus can be a component of yogurt

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Culture Media:

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THA - Tomato juice Agar

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Genus Corynebacterium

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4.1.Corynebacterium diphtheriae aka Klebs-Loeffler's Bacillus

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Non-existent motile, highly pleomorphic

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Can assume different forms; bacillus with granules

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One end typically swollen

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Club shaped appearance; pallisade arrangement ( side by side arrangement).

Picket fence arrangement and x, y, v, l formation ( Chinese letter arrangement)

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With Babes Emst granules

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Monochromatic granules that act as energy storing substance (polyphosphate)

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On BAP;

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Produce narrow zone of beta-hemolysis

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Loeffler's serum and PAI's Coagulated Egg serum

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Enhance granule formation and pleomorphism

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-Loeffler's serum:

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Small , moist, slightly, raised grayish colonies with entire margin ( poached-egg colony); enhance pigmentation of organism

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- PIA Coagulated Egg Medium;

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enhances pleomorphism and granules formation; can produce Gray to black colony.

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Cytine Tellurite Blood Agar ( CTBA);

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Modification of tinsde medium ( for primary isolation of C. Diphtheria); selective-differential media, inhibitor: Potassium Tellurite ( inhibits Grams (-) organisms (+) result: Grey to back colonies

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Virulence Factor

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Causes diphtheria by those able to produce toxin Virulence Factor : Diptheria toxin- a very powerful exotoxin that attacks the mucous membrane of respiratory tract resulting to inflammation, following necrosis that can lead to pseudomembrane formation ( cardinal sign for diptheria infection)

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Disease Diptheria

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It is droplet infection characterized by low grade Fever, mild sore throal and body weakness. Patient may manifest a bull-neck appearance due to enlargement lymph nodes.

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3 Colony types on CTA

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Gravis, mitosis, intermedius; these colony types however, have nothing to do with the degree/ severity of the infection.

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Gravis

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Largest colony type; dark grey colony with irregular edges; 1-2 mm in diameter

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Mitis

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Fried egg appearing organism on BAP

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Intermedius

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Small and black colonies; 0.5 mm in diameter

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Modified ELEK test positive (+) -

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It is a toxigenicity test to determine whether the organism is a toxin producer or not.

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Modified ELEK test positive (+) -

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On agar media, place a filter paper strip with diphtheria anti-toxin, streak + control at right angle to the trip of anti-Semitism toxin, streak negative control in the same manner. Unknown culture suspected of C. diphtheriae is streaked parallel to(+) and (-) control. Incubate at 35°C for 24-48 hours (+) result; Lines of Precipitation