Grade 8 Science Chapter 1-A

Front 1

science

Back 1

a way of learning about the natural world through observations and ogical reasoning; leads to a body of knowledge

Front 2

scientific inquiry

Back 2

another term for the ongoing process of discovery in science

Front 3

physial science

Back 3

the study of matter, energy, and the changes that matter and energy undergo.

Front 4

observation

Back 4

using one of the five senses to gather information

Front 5

inference

Back 5

a logical interpretation based on observations and prior knowedge

Front 6

hypothesis

Back 6

a possible explanation for observations that relate to a scientific question; must be testable

Front 7

variables

Back 7

any factor that can change in an expirement

Front 8

manipulated variable

Back 8

The variable in a scientific experiment that is changed

Front 9

responding variable

Back 9

the factor that changes as a result of changes to the manipulated, or independent, variable in an experiment; also called dependent variable

Front 10

controlled experiment

Back 10

an experiment in which all variables except one are kept constant

Front 11

qualitative data

Back 11

(color, odor, or sound) data without numbers

Front 12

quantitive data

Back 12

measurements made using standard units, such as temp. in degrees Celsius

Front 13

scientific law

Back 13

a statement that describes what scientists expect to happen every time under a particular set of conditions

Front 14

scientific theory

Back 14

a well-tested idea that explains and connects a wide range of observations

Front 15

matter

Back 15

the "stuff" that makes up everything in the universe

Front 16

mass

Back 16

the mass of an object is the measurement of how much matter it contains

Front 17

weight

Back 17

measure of the force of gravity on an object

Front 18

International System of Units (SI)

Back 18

a system of units used by scientists to measure the properties of matter

Front 19

gravity

Back 19

the force that pulls objects towards earth

Front 20

volume

Back 20

the amount of space that matter occupies.

Front 21

density

Back 21

the measurement of how much mass of a substance is contained in a given volume

Front 22

temperature

Back 22

the measurement of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance

Front 23

Fahrenheit Scale

Back 23

the temperature scale on which 32 and 212 are the temperatures at which water freezes and boils.

Front 24

Celsius Scale

Back 24

the temperature scale in which 0 and 100 are the temperatures at which water freezes and boils

Front 25

what are the 2 main branches of physical science?

Back 25

physics:the study of forms of energy and their motion
chemistry: the study of what substances (matter) are made of and how they change when they combine

Front 26

scientific method

Back 26

various organized methods of investigating problems and answering questions

Front 27

what are the basic steps to the scientific method

Back 27

1.) pose a question
2.) form a hypothesis
3.) perform experiments
4.)record and analyze data
5.)draw a conclusion

Front 28

posing a question

Back 28

develop a clear statement that defines the problem
(iwonder if hot water freezes faster than cold water?)

Front 29

form a hypothesis

Back 29

a possible explanation for observations that relate to a scientific question"educated guess"
(i predict that...)

Front 30

experiment

Back 30

used to test your hypothesis. to test the hypothesis, scientists examine al of the factors that can change during an experiment, which are caled variables

Front 31

record and analyze data

Back 31

look for trends or patterns- construct graphs or charts to help you spot these (2 types-quantitive&qualitive)

Front 32

drawing conclusions

Back 32

conclusion sums up what you have learned from the experiment-this will prove or disprove your hypothesis

Front 33

what is the standard system of measurement used by scintists?

Back 33

metric system (SI)

Front 34

al measurements should include:

Back 34

a number and unit of measurement

Front 35

what is the basic unit of lenght

Back 35

meter

Front 36

1 meter = ____inches

Back 36

approx. 39.4 inches

Front 37

what is the basic unit of measurement for mass?

Back 37

kilogram

Front 38

will mass change wherever you go?

Back 38

no

Front 39

wil your weight change wherever you go?

Back 39

yes

Front 40

kilogram is used for ______ objects

Back 40

larger

Front 41

gram is used for _________ objects

Back 41

smaller

Front 42

how many pounds a a kilogram?

Back 42

approx. 2.2

Front 43

how much does a paper clip weigh?

Back 43

1 gram

Front 44

what do we use to measure mass in the lab?

Back 44

the balance (triple beam balance)

Front 45

what should you do before using the triple beam balance?

Back 45

make sure it is calibrated to zero.

Front 46

basic units for measurement of volume?

Back 46

solids= cm 3
liquids/gasas=liter (L)

Front 47

how do you find the volume of rectanguar objects?

Back 47

multiply length x width x height

Front 48

how do you measure volume of an object with an irregular shape?

Back 48

use graduated cylinder and displacement method. (V=Vf-Vi)
(Volume=final volume-initial volume)

Front 49

basic unit of measurement for density

Back 49

g/cm3
liquids/gas:g/mL

Front 50

formua for density

Back 50

densiry=mass÷volume

Front 51

what is the density of water?

Back 51

1 g/cm3

Front 52

what will objects do with a density less than 1 g/cm3 do when put in water?

Back 52

float

Front 53

what will objects do with a density more than 1 g/cm3 do when put in water?

Back 53

sink

Front 54

(circle)

Back 54

D=m÷v
M=v x d
V=m÷d

Front 55

KING HENRY DIED BY DRINKING CHOCOLATE MILK

Back 55

kilo, hecto, deka, BASE, deci, centi, mili

Front 56

basic units

Back 56

grams, liters, meters