Goal 1A - Civics And Economics

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Civics

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The study of the rights and duties of citizens

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Illegal Immigrants

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Those residing in the United States without permission from the government

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Citizen

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A member of a state or nation who owes allegiance to it by birth or nationalization and is entitled to full citizenship rights

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Duty

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An action required by law

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Responsibility

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An action that citizens should take

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C.I.S.

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The agency responsible for the naturalization process

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"E Pluribus Unum"

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This phrase means "out of many, one" and is used to show that the United States is a nation of immigrants

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Immigrant

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A person that is legally admitted as a permanent resident of a country

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Government

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The ruling authority of a community, organization that has the power to make and enforce laws

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John Locke

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The English philosopher who developed the social contract theory

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Social Contract Theory

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The theory that humans agree with one another to create a government and give up some freedom to this government in order to promote safety

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Federalism

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The principle of one central government and several state or local governments

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Democracy

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A government in which the supreme authority rests with the people

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Representative Democracy

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A kind of democracy in which citizens choose a smaller group of people to represent them (The United States has this kind)

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Direct Democracy

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A kind of democracy in which citizens vote on each matter proposed to the government (The United States does not have this kind)

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Triangle Trade

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The trade route between the New World, Africa, and the West Indies

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Middle Passage

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The brutal passage taken by the slaves from Africa to the New World

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Jamestown

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The first permanent English settlement; settled because colonists were looking for gold or a profit

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John Smith

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The commanded and leader of the Jamestown colony

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Indentured Servants

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People who agreed to work for 5-7 years in exchange for their voyage to the New World

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Virginia House of Burgesses

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The first representative, legislative body in the New World

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Separatists/Pilgrims

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Settled in Plymouth and wrote the Mayflower Compact; wanted to break away from the Anglican Church

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Puritans

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Settled the Massachusetts Bay Colony; wanted to purify the Anglican Church from within

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Mayflower Compact

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This document was the first example of self government in the colonies

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John Winthrop

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This man was the leader of the Massachusetts Bay Colony

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"City Upon a Hill"

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John Winthrops comparison for what the Massachusetts Bay Colony would be like

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Magna Carta

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This document limited the King of England's power

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Middle Colonies

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Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Delaware; the most diverse

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Southern Colonies

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Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland

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New England Colonies

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Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island

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Subsistence Farming

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This was used in the New England colonies because families could only grow enough for themselves as a result of the rocky soil

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Bread Basket

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Middle colonists were called this because they grew mainly grain crops

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Maryland

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This colony was a haven for Catholics who had been persecuted in other colonies and fled here

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William Penn

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This Quaker founded a colony based on peace and freedom of religion

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Roger Williams

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This person was banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony and founded Rhode Island

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Anne Hutchinson

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This female was banished from Massachusetts Bay Colony for criticizing the Puritan Church

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Thomas Hooker

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This man, along with others who were dissatisfied, left the Massachusetts Bay Colony and founded Connecticut

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Georgia

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This colony was founded as a debtors' colony

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James Oglethorpe

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This person founded Georgia for those who had been prisoners in England

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Lord Baltimore

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This person founded Maryland as a colony for religious freedom for ALL Christians, including Catholics

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Bacon's Rebellion

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This uprising among back country farmers in Virginia against the government of Jamestown for failing to protect them against Native American attacks

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Zenger Trial

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This established freedom of press in the colonies

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Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

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The first written Constitution in America

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Maryland Toleration Act

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This document established freedom of religion in its colony

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New England Town Meetings

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The form of democracy was found mostly in New England and displays a form of direct democracy at the local level of government

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Cash Crops

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The south produced these the sell and make a profit

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Anarchy

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Without laws and government

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Monarchy

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Ruled by a King

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John Rolfe

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Introduced the cultivation of tobacco and helped Jamestown succeed

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Massachusetts Bay Colony

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This colony was known for religious intolerance