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94 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Dysphagia |
Difficulty swallowing |
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Dyspepsia |
Indigestion |
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Stomatitis |
Inflammation of the oral mucosa |
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Caries |
Tooth decay |
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Anorexia |
Lack of appetite |
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Gingivitis |
Inflammation of the gums |
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Xerostomia |
Dry mouth |
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Amylase |
Enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates |
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Esophagitis |
Inflammation of the esophagus caused by acidic gastric fluids |
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Auscultation |
Procedure used to assess bowel sounds |
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Hiatal hernia is thought to be caused by weakness in the ___________ |
Lower esophageal sphincter |
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The opening in the diaphragm through which the esophagus passes is the esophageal ___________ |
Hiatus |
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Esophagoscopy |
Direct examination of the esophagus an endoscope |
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Percussion |
Procedure used to detect the presence of air, fluid, or masses in tissues |
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Hiatal hernia
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The protrusion of the lower esophagus and stomach upward through the diaphragm into the chest |
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Fundoplication |
A surgical procedure that strengthens the lower esophagus sphincter by suturing the fundus of the stomach around the esophagus and anchoring it below the diaphragm |
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Anticholinergics |
Reduce gastrointestinal motility and secretions; block acetycholine |
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H2 -receptor antagonists |
Decrease hydrochloric acid production by competing at receptor sites |
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Antiemetics |
Prevent and treat nausea |
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Antacids |
Neutralize gastric acid |
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Mucosal barriers (cytoprotective) |
Cling to the surface of he ulcer and protect it so that healing can take place |
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Antidiarrheals |
Decrease intestinal motility so liquid portion of feces is reabsorbed |
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Antibacterials |
Treat ulcerative colitis and H.pylori |
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Antifungals |
Treat yeast infections in the mouth |
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Proton pump inhibitors
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Inhibit gastric avid secretion and used to peptic ulcer disease and GERD |
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5-HR receptor antagonists |
Prevent nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy |
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Miller-Abbott tube |
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Sengstaken-Blakemore tube |
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Levin tube |
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Salem sump tube |
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Cantor tube |
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Which nasogastric tubes are used for gastric decompression
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Lenin tube and Salem sump tube |
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which nasoenteric tubes are weighted and used for intestinal decompressions |
Miller-Abbott tube and Cantor tube |
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which esophageal gastric balloon tube is used to control bleeding in the esophagus, usually in patient with severe complications of liver disease |
Sengstaken-Blakemore tube |
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A. Pharynx B. Appendix C. Mouth D. Tongue E. Salivary glands F. Esophagus G. Liver H. Stomach I. Gallbladder J. Pancreas K. Large intestine L. Small intestine |
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the type of acid base imbalance that results from prolonged vomiting is |
metabolic alkalosis |
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which herb is effective in calming an upset stomach, reducing flatulence and preventing motion sickness |
ginger root |
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After insertion of a gastric tube, feedings are not started until |
Placement of tube is certain |
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Sever or prolonged vomiting puts the patient at risk for |
deficient fluid volume |
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Sudden, sharp pain starting in the midepigastric region and spreading across the entire abdomen in patients with peptic ulcer may indicate |
perforation |
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The most prominent symptom of pyloric obstruction if persistent |
vomiting |
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what is the cause of most peptic ulcers |
H. pylori |
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What is the most serious complication of gastric endoscopy |
Perforation of digestive tract |
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What is the most serious complication of a peptic ulcer |
Hemorrhage |
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What is the head of the bed elevated during tube feeding to patients |
Prevention of aspiration |
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which are normal age related changes of the digestive tract |
- gums recede - walls of the esophagus and stomach thin - muscle layer and mucousa in large intestine atrophy - anal sphincter strength decreases |
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Which statement are true about capsule endoscopy |
- Transmits video images of the entire digestive tract - may detect obscure GI bleeding detects inflammation caused by NSAIDs - Detects small bowel tumors |
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Which describe the first stage of dumping syndrome |
- patient experiences abdominal fullness and nausea within 10 - 20 min after eating - patient feels flushed and faint - Symptoms in this stage are probably caused by distention of the small intestine by the consumed food and fluids - patients heart races and patients breaks into a sweat as a result of pooling of blood in the abdominal organs |
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Patient that is most likely to experience decreased cardiac output related to hypovolemia secondary to dumping syndrome |
patient who has had gastric surgery |
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Patient is vomiting and is unconscious. Patient has imparied swallowing and is at risk for aspirations. what is the correct position for this patient |
Side laying |
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A patient with hiatal hernia is getting ready to be discharged. The nurse reinforces teaching this patient about how to prevent nighttime reflux. The best sleeping position for this patient is |
With head of bed elevated 6-12 inches
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A patient who has had gastric surgery is receiving tube feedings of concentrated formula. what is complication that occurs when tube feedings are given rapidly |
Dumping syndrome
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Which aspects of care should the nurse teach the patient who experiences dumping syndrome |
- Drink fluids between meals, not with them - Follow a low- carbohydrate diet |
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Canker sores
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Oral lesions usually gray to whitish yellow with a red halo of inflamed tissue |
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candidiasis |
an oral fungal infection |
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plaque |
a whitish yellow substance that builds up on teeth and gum line |
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gingivitis |
inflammation of the gums |
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halitosis |
foul mouth odor
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xerostomia |
a condition in which the flow of saliva is decreased or completely stopped |
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mucositis |
a painful inflammation of the mucous membranes of the mouth |
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how to prevent painful sores from developing in the mouth |
cause is unknown, but stress and trauma are precipitating factors |
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what can put a patient at risk for getting xerostomia |
Smoking and mouth breathing
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Which mouth disorder is common in infants, pregnant women, and debilitated patients and is characterized by white, curd like plaques attached to the oral mucosa
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Candidiasis
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How to minimize mouth pain with lesions |
- avoid eating sharp edged or spicy foods - use a straw when drinking acidic juices or soft drinks - rinsing with saline may be soothing and can be done before you apply the medication -apply topical pain relieving medication before eating or brushing your teeth |
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Patients who are being treated for cold sores should be taught by the nurse to
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- gently wash the cold sore with soap and water
- Keep moist to prevent drying |
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When discussing ways to prevent or to treat halitosis, the nurse explains to a patient which measures to take
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- brushing at least twice a day - flossing regularly - using mouthwash |
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Proper oral hygiene of brushing twice a day should be taught to patients to prevent what disorder |
Dental caries
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Oral assessment, what is abnormal findings
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- white patches over the tongue - red, swollen gum line - teeth costed with food particles |
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which action is most effective in providing a patient with relief of symptoms caused by mucositis
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Using 1 Tbsp of salt or hydrogen peroxide or about 1/2 teaspoon of baking soda in 8oz of water as a mouthwash
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A patient has a severe grade 3 mucositis as determined by the WHO oral mucositis scale. Which medications may be ordered for the patient to treat oral mucositis
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- Recombinant human keratinocyte growth factor (Kepivance)
- milk of magnesia - sucralfate suspension - Viscous lidocaine 2% |
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When mucositis occurs after a patient receives chemotherapy, it often takes
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5-7 days |
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GERD |
the reflux of gastric secretions up into the esophagus |
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Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) |
Symptoms include epigastric pain noted when the stomach is empty |
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Helicobacter pylori |
bacteria that are able to live below the mucus barrier of the stomach |
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heartburn |
acid indigestion |
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mucus cells |
secretory cells of the stomach that secrete mucus |
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parietal cells |
secretory cells of the stomach that secrete hydrochloric acid |
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chief cells |
secretory cells of the stomach that secrete pepsinogen |
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hydrochloric acid |
activates pepsinogen to pepsin providing the optimal pH |
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What are the major functions of the stomach
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- storing food -mixing food -emptying food into the small intestine |
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Which secretory cells line the stomach and secrete pepsinogen |
chief cells |
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What are the ways that the parietal cells are stimulated to produce hydrochloric acid in the stomach
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-by the presence of histamine -by acetylcholine stimulating cholinergic nerve fibers |
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Treatment for GERD |
- coating agents -proton pump inhibitors -prokinetic agents -antispasmodic agents |
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Which of the stomach disorders are treated with proton pump inhibitors |
- gastric and duodenal ulcers - severe esophagitis - GERD |
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Patients with which conditions are often placed on antispasmodic agents such as mepenzolate (Cantil) or dicyclomine (Bentyl) |
- IBS - diverticulitis -Peptic ulcer disease |
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one of the known causes of peptic ulcer disease is an infection in the mucosal wall of the stomach caused by |
Helicobacter pylori |
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patients older than 65 years with ulcer disease usually present with which symptoms |
- anorexia - vague abdominal discomfort |
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what are the conditions that cause a breakdown in the bodys defenses against ulcer disease |
-excessive parietal cells secreting too much HCL -injury to the mucosal lining of the stomach by NSAIDs -an infection in the stomach lining |
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Which class of medication is used in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease because it will block the formation of hydrochloric acid, resulting in the reduction of irritation to the gastric mucosa |
proton pump inhibitors |
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which drugs is a gastric stimulant that works by increasing stomach contractions, replacing the pyloric valve, and increasing peristalsis, as well as working as an anti-emetic |
Metoclopramide |
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Which agents are used in the treatment of GERD and PUD to reduce the secretion of saliva, hydrochloric acid, pepsin, and bile |
Antispasmodics |
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Which statement does the nurse include when teaching a patient about antacid therapy for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease |
Antacid tablets do not contain enough antacid to be effective in treating this disease |
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A patient with a history of chronic renal failure is on high dose cimetidine (Tagamet) therapy for the treatment of a duodenal ulcer. It is most important for the nurse to assess the patient for which adverse effect of this therapy |
disorientation |
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When teaching the patent in the scenario about the use of antacids as part of the treatment for GERD, which statements does the nurse include |
- Maalox is an example of a low sodium antacid - Calcium carbonate and sodium bicabonate may cause rebound hyperacidity - patients with renal failure should not use large quantities of antacids containing magnesium - antacid tablets should be used only for patients with occasional indigestion or heart-burn |
