Genetics - Second Exam

Front 1

What is the normal state of a bacterial chromosome?

Back 1

Supercoiled

Front 2

What is the enzyme that relaxes the chromosome?

Back 2

topoisomerase

Front 3

What opens the DNA at the origin of replication?

Back 3

dnaA

Front 4

What prevents single stranded DNA from being chewed up?

Back 4

SSBP (Single stranded binding proteins)

Front 5

What enlarges the replication bubble?

Back 5

helicase

Front 6

What allows DNA polymerase III to initiate?

Back 6

Primase

Front 7

What elongates the new strand?

Back 7

DNA Polymerase III

Front 8

What is the definition of a chromosome?

Back 8

a double stranded DNA molecule

Front 9

What are the two methods to remove RNA fragments?

Back 9

RNaseH
DNA Polymerase I

Front 10

What is the difference between RNaseH and DNA Polymerase I?

Back 10

DNA Polymerase I can replace RNA with DNA and repair gaps, whereas RNaseH cannot.

Front 11

What enzyme creates phosphodiester bonds and seals DNA?

Back 11

DNA Ligase

Front 12

What enzyme fixes the 3' overhang after RNA degredation?

Back 12

Telomerase

Front 13

What is the type of recombination where two chromosomes have sequence homology?

Back 13

Legitimate

Front 14

What is the type of recombination where two chromosomes have no sequence homology present?

Back 14

Illegitimate

Front 15

What are two examples of illegitimate recombination?

Back 15

Jumping genes and retroviruses

Front 16

What type of legitimate recombination involves very large regions of sequence homology?

Back 16

General

Front 17

What type of legitimate recombination occurs with small regions of sequence homology?

Back 17

Site-specific

Front 18

What is one possible model of recombination?

Back 18

Holliday Model

Front 19

What coats the single stranded DNA and catalyzes the search for homology in the sister chromosome?

Back 19

RecA

Front 20

What is the term that explains that codons do not overlap?

Back 20

Non-overlapping

Front 21

What is the term for multiple codons for each amino acid?

Back 21

Degenerate

Front 22

What is the term for a continuous reading of nucleotides until the end is reached?

Back 22

No Internal Punctuation

Front 23

What is the term for having specific codons to code for specific amino acids?

Back 23

Non-ambiguous

Front 24

What is the term for the beginning of the gene corresponds to the beginning of the protein?

Back 24

Co-linear

Front 25

What is the term for having a common nuclear code with other plants and animals?

Back 25

Universal

Front 26

When and who discovered mRNA?

Back 26

1961 by Jacob and Monod

Front 27

What is the term for the different messages that are possible for any linear sequence of nucleotides?

Back 27

Reading Frames

Front 28

What is a mutation that changes a single amino acid to another?

Back 28

Sense Mutation

Front 29

What mutation changes a coding amino acid into a noncoding amino acid?

Back 29

Non-sense mutation

Front 30

What mutation changes the nucleotide sequence but not the amino acid?

Back 30

Silent Mutation

Front 31

What type of mutation occurs with the insertion or deletion of a base into the nucleotide?

Back 31

Frameshift Mutation

Front 32

Why is the genetic code considered ordered?

Back 32

Its grouping by amino acids and as well as chemical properties.

Front 33

What is the term for the starting and stopping codons?

Back 33

External punctuation

Front 34

What is the term for the part of the chromosome that contains the genes and is considered true chromatin?

Back 34

Euchromatin

Front 35

In what region of the chromosome do the telomeres and centromeres reside?

Back 35

Heterochromatin

Front 36

What is the term for having two daughter DNA molecules each having one strand of the original parental DNA?

Back 36

semi-conservative

Front 37

What model stated that the daughter helix would be completely composed of replicated DNA and the other of parental?

Back 37

Conservative Model

Front 38

What model suggests a mix of both parental and replicated DNA in both strands?

Back 38

Dispersive Model

Front 39

What is the term for multiple points of replication?

Back 39

Multiple Origins

Front 40

What type of bond is composed of two ester bonds and two nucleotides?

Back 40

Phosphodiester Bond

Front 41

What is the term for the polarity of strands having to be opposite?

Back 41

Anti-Parallel

Front 42

What is the primer called?

Back 42

Primase

Front 43

What DNA polymerase is involved in replication?

Back 43

DNA Polymerase III

Front 44

What are the small fragments made on the lagging strand called?

Back 44

Okazaki Fragments

Front 45

What is the term for two different viruses of the same species infecting the same cell?

Back 45

Mixed Infection

Front 46

What type of recombination occurs in viruses?

Back 46

Reciprocal

Front 47

What type of recombination occurs in eukaryotes?

Back 47

Reciprocal

Front 48

What type of recombination occurs in bacteria?

Back 48

Nonreciprocal

Front 49

What is the term for a sugar and base only?

Back 49

nucleoSIDE

Front 50

What is the term for a phosphate, sugar, and a base?

Back 50

nucleoTIDE

Front 51

What is the term for when a piece of one chromosome moves to a different non homologous chromosome?

Back 51

Translocation

Front 52

What is the term for when a translocated portion of DNA has a different rate of transcription?

Back 52

Position Effect

Front 53

What is the term when a transfer of DNA is catalyzed into other bacteria without help from genes on the main bacterial chromosome?

Back 53

Autotransmissible

Front 54

What is the term for when bacteria does not control the replication but contains its own elements?

Back 54

Autonomous

Front 55

What is a plasmid that can integrate?

Back 55

Episome

Front 56

What is the term for when the mini chromosome (F factor) has one cross over with the main chromosome?

Back 56

Integration

Front 57

What is the process of the mini chromosome (F factor) being taken out of the main chromosome?

Back 57

Excision

Front 58

What is the term for the stimulation of a second crossing over?

Back 58

Negative Interference

Front 59

What type of excision will result in a product of plasmid and a chunk of bacterial DNA?

Back 59

Imprecise excision

Front 60

What type of excision will result in a plasmid with only the F factor?

Back 60

Precise excision

Front 61

What is the uptake of naked DNA?

Back 61

Transformation

Front 62

What is the term for a bacteria that has a transport protein that will recognize dsDNA?

Back 62

competence factor

Front 63

What is bacterial chromosome DNA transfer mediated by a virus?

Back 63

Transduction

Front 64

What is a virus that may kill or coexist with the host?

Back 64

Temperate

Front 65

Which phage cycle ends in cell death?

Back 65

Lytic cycle

Front 66

What is the term for the enzyme that cuts up the chromosome?

Back 66

nucleases

Front 67

What enzyme causes the cell to burst and release progeny viruses?

Back 67

Lysozyme

Front 68

Through what cycle will the phage coexist with the bacterial cell?

Back 68

Lysogenic cycle

Front 69

What is the viral transfer of any gene?

Back 69

General Transduction

Front 70

What is the transduction when the virus can only transfer a couple of genes?

Back 70

Specialized transduction

Front 71

What is the analysis of the cytology and of the karyotype of an organism?

Back 71

Cytogenetics

Front 72

What type of chromosome abnormality includes changes in the karyotype of whole chromosomes?

Back 72

Heteroploidy

Front 73

What type of chromosome abnormality involves changes in less than a set of chromosomes?

Back 73

Aneuploidy

Front 74

What is the type of chromosome abnormality that results in changes of the haploid sets of chromosomes?

Back 74

Euploidy

Front 75

What type of polyploid has all of their chromosome sets from the same species?

Back 75

Autopolyploids

Front 76

What type of polyploids have chromosomes that come from different species with greater than 3n number of sets?

Back 76

Allopolyploids